1. Name: Abdul Mannan Class: BS-II Institute: Sir Adamjee Institute of Management Sciences
Assignment #: 02 Date of Submission: 14th Aug 2016 Subject: Human Behavior
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
Definition of Sensation:
Sensation is the stimulation (activation) of sense organs. It is studied in the branch of psychology
name “Psycholophysics”.
What is Psycho-Physics?
The study of the relationship between the physical aspect of something and our psychological
experience of them.
The Basic Concept of Psycho-Physics:
1. Absolute Threshold:
The absolute threshold is the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the
stimulus to be detected.
1. Vision: 30 miles
2. Hearing: 20 fit
3. Taste: 2 Gallon water + two table spoon sugar
4. Smell: 6 room apartments, a drop of concentrated perfume can be smelled.
5. Skin/ Feelings: 1 cm distance winds of fly.
2. Just Noticeable Difference / Difference Threshold:
The smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in
stimulates has occurred. Weber’s law states that: JND is a constant promotion to the intensity of an
initial stimulus.
3. Sensory Adaptation:
A sensory adaptation an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to
unchanging stimuli-zed.
What is Perception?
The perception may be defined as:
The process through which brain organizes interperate and gives meaning to things or in other words
perception is the sorting out, interoperation, analyses and integration of stimulate by the sense organ or
brain.
GestaltLaw of PerceptionOR GestaltLaw of PerceptualOrganization:
1. Law of Proximity:
The law of proximity states that:
The brain has the tendency to perceive the things as a group that is near together.
2. Law of Closure:
The law of closure may be defined as:
The brain has the tendency to fill the missing gap and complete it in a meaningful way
3. Law of Similarity:
The law of similarity may be defined as:
The brain has the tendency to perceive the colour, shape and size of any object in a similar pattern to
interoperate.
4. Law of Continuity:
The law of continuity may be defined as:
The brain has the tendency to perceive the things in a straight continue or in continuity so that the
consistency and the pattern remains the same