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1. HUMAN ACTS

2. INTRODUCTION
The foregoing chapter III has presented man as a
dynamic creature always acting towards a certain
direction; that his whole life is an encounter with a series
of temporal ends, ultimately directed towards a final goal-
a goal that gives meaning and direction to his life. We call
this final goal the ultimate end of human living.
This present chapter shall be dealing with the means by
which man will attain his ends. This means is called
HUMAN ACT.

3. What is a Human
Act?

4. HUMAN ACT
 This is referred to as the human activity of man as man by
which he attains an end he wants to obtain.
 Human act does not refer to the animal acts of man.
 Animal activities, which are called ACTS OF MAN, are not
classified as human acts.
 Human Acts are those acts of rationality of man.
 They are the free and conscious acts of a human being
proper to man alone, emanating from deliberately and
free will.

5. PAUL J. GLENN defines human act as:
“An act which proceeds from the
deliberate free will of man”

6. ACTS OF MAN
 Are activities of man as animal.
 These acts are not deliberately done, nor voluntary; they
are performed without the free will of the agent.
 Example of these are beating of the heart, acts done
during sleep or dream, sensations by the five sense
organs, seeing, eating, among others.

8. The following are signs of acts of man:
1. They are done in deliberately. The agent performing
the act is not conscious of his actions going on. The
action he is doing, is not under the command of his
consciousness.
2. The acts are not done freely. They maybe done by
force, that is, without the freedom of choice of the
person.
3. The acts are done involuntarily. The acts do not
emanate from the heart of the agent.

9. 1. The act must be deliberate.
2. The act must be free .
3. The act must be voluntary.

10. Examples of human act are the following:
 An act of decision to select a degree course
 An act of killing someone
 An act of marriage
 Choice of life partner
 To love
 To vote for a candidate
 Act of teaching or studying, et cetera.

11. Human acts are classified as ELICITED ACTS and
COMMANDED ACTS.
 Elicited acts emanate from the will of the agent. It is a
will-act begun and completed in the will without bodily
involvement.
 Commanded acts are body-mind acts done to carry out
the elicited act of the subject or agent.

12. Paul Glenn enumerates six elicited acts. They are
the following:
1. WISH. It is the natural inclination of the will
towards an object.
2. INTENTION. This is the will’s tendency towards
something attainable but not obligatory.
3. CONSENT. Consent is the acceptance of the will
to implement the agent’s attention.

13. 4. ELECTION. The agent chooses from among a
variety of means what he believes to be the
most effective to carry out an intention.
5. USE. This is will’s command to make use of the
selected means in carrying out the intention.
6. FRUITION. This is the enjoyment of the will as a
result of the attainment of the object desired
earlier.

14. Command acts, on the other hand, are those acts involving,
both body and mind, necessary to carry out the elicited
acts.
Three classifications of this act:
1. INTERNAL ACTS. These acts refer to the purely mental
faculties under the command of the will.
2. EXTERNAL ACTS. These acts are done by the body
commanded by the will.
3. MIXED. As the term connotes, mixed acts are those
done by bodily and mental powers.

15. Can an act be done without any
motivating factor?
Yes or No?
Why?