2. INTRODUCTION : EXTINCTION
• When cross polarized light dims as viewed through a thin section of
a mineral with a petrographic microscope, that phenomena is
called “extinction.”
• Isotropic minerals and substances (like glass) are completely extinct under
cross polars.
• Anisotropic minerals specifically will show one extinction for each 90 degrees
of stage rotation.
3. EXTINCTION ANGLE
• The angle between the length or a prominent cleavage in a mineral and a vibration
direction is a diagnostic property called the extinction angle. Or the angle through
which a crystal is revolved from a definite line (such as that of the
crystallographic axis) to the plane of maximum extinction.
• To determine the extinction angle Rotate the stage of the microscope until the length or
cleavage of the mineral is aligned with the north-south cross hair.
• The extinction angle is the measure between the cleavage direction or habit of
a mineral and the extinction.
4. TYPES OF EXTINCTION
Four major types of extinction are:
1. Parallel Extinction
2. Inclined Extinction
3. Symmetrical Extinction
4. No Extinction Angle
5.
6. 1. PARALLEL EXTINCTION
• Extinction is said to be parallel if the long direction of the crystal or a prominent
cleavage plane is oriented N-S or E-W when the mineral goes extinct.
• 90 degrees would be considered zero degrees, and is known as parallel extinction.
• Only occurs in minerals where the crystallographic axes are at 90 degrees to one
another (Hexagonal, Tetragonal, and Orthorhombic).
• Either the slow ray or fast ray vibration direction is parallel to the trace of cleavage or
length of the mineral.
7. 2. INCLINED EXTINCTION
• It occurs when the elongate direction of the mineral or the direction of
cleavage is NOT E-W or N-S when the mineral goes extinct.
• This type of extinction occurs in minerals where all of the crystallographic
axes are not perpendicular (Monoclinic and Triclinic).
• The extinction angle will be greater than 0°. Neither vibration direction is
aligned parallel to the trace of the cleavage of the length of the mineral.
8. 3. SYMMETRICAL EXTINCTION
• The phenomenon which occurs when the vibration direction of the
light bisects the angles between two sets of cleavages (as seen in
basal sections of pyroxenes and amphiboles).
• Symmetrical extinction may be observed in minerals that display either two
cleavages or two distinct crystal faces.
9. 4. NO EXTINCTION ANGLE
• Many minerals lack distinct cleavages or do not display an elongation or crystal
faces. Although they go extinct once every 90° of stage rotation, there is no
cleavage, elongation or crystal face from which to measure an extinction angle. In
these situations we say that the mineral has no extinction angle.