Schedule Based protocol

1. By
Aanchal Kumari

2. Schedule-Based protocols:
 LEACH
 SMACS
 TRAMA

3. LEACH:
 LEACH is a hierarchical routing protocol used in wireless sensor networks to
expand the network lifetime.
 In the LEACH protocol, sensors arrange themselves in a cluster, and a single
node of these nodes performs a cluster head.
 Only the head of a cluster is allowed to forward the data to the base station;
the cluster head gathers data from all nodes then accumulates and compresses
them to be sent to the base station.
 LEACH is capable of adapting, self-organizing, and clustering protocol.
 LEACH has the hypothesis according to the features of sensors and base
station.

4. Organisation of LEACH
rounds:

5. SMACS:
 Reduce energy consumption
 Support good scalability
 Self-configurable
 Tries to reduce wastage of energy from all four source of energy
inefficiency.
 Collision – by using RTS and CTS
 Overhearing – by switching the radio off when transmission is not
meant for that node
 Control Overhead – by message passing
 Idle listening – by periodic listen and sleep

6. SMACS Link setup:
Case 1: Node X,Y so far unconnected
 Node X sends invitation message
 Node Y answers, telling X that is unconnected to any
node
 Node X tells Y to pick slot/frequency for the link Node
Y sends back the link specification
Case 2: X has some neighbours, Y not
 Node X will construct link specification and instruct Y
to use it
Case 3: X no neighbours, Y has some
 Y picks link specification
Case 4: both nodes already have links
 Nodes exchange their schedules and pick free
slot/frequency in mutual agreement

7. TRAMA:
 Traffic adaptive medium access (TRAMA) protocol which aims to achieve the
energy efficiency by avoiding the collisions of data packets while receiving
and by employing a low power mode for node which are not scheduled in
transmission and reception.
 The usage of low power mode is dynamically determined and adapted
according to traffic pattern.
 TRAMA applies a traffic adaptive distribution election scheme that selects
the receivers based on the schedules announced by transmitters.
 Nodes using TRAMA, exchange their two hop information and the
transmission schedules fixing which nodes are the intended receivers of
their traffic in chronological order.
 TRAMA consists of three components which are neighbors protocol(NP),
schedule exchange protocol (SEP) which allows to exchange two-hop
neighbors information and schedules and adaptive election algorithm (AEA)
uses the information of NP,SEP and it selects transmitters and receivers for
current time slot and leaving the other nodes in network to switch to the low
power mode.

8. TRAMA: Conflict
situation

9. THANK YOU