Enabling Technologies Wireless Adhoc Networks (WMN)- (Pure Adhoc consist of stationary nodes ) Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET) Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

1. Dr.Arun Chokkalingam
Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication
RMK College of Engineering and Technology
AD HOC NETWORKS – CLASSIFICATIONS OF WIRELESS ADHOC
NETWORKS

2. Ad hoc
Ad hoc –Means
“When necessary or needed.
“Ad hoc- refers to something that has been created for a specific
purpose or goal, often existing only until the goal has been
achieved.”

3. Wireless Networks
Two types :
1. Infrastructure based
• fixed infrastructure Available
• Base station or assess points
are fixed and centralized
• Exp: WLAN, cellular networks..
2. Infrastructure less
• No centralized access point
• Exp: Ad Hoc networks

4. Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
• Multi hop network that does not require any fixed infrastructure
• Peer nodes take part in transmitting packets / information
• Self –organizing and self-configuring
• Situation in which useful:
• Need to setup network fast, e.g. Time of emergency, relief operations.
• No access to network infrastructure
• Not much planning can be afforded to setup the network

5. Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
• Depending on topology and deployment, Ad hoc network may be
classified as:
• Homogeneous
• Consists of nodes having similar capabilities
• EXP: network formed of only smart phones
• Heterogeneous
• Consists of nodes with different capabilities
• Exp: network formed of PCs, Smartphone and Tablets.

6. General concepts
• Adhoc networks are type of distributed wireless networks
• Adhoc network operate in TDD (time division duplex) mode.
• It is not possible to receive and transmit at the same time instant.

7. Cont
• Neighbor nodes communicate with one another using single hop
wireless technology like Bluetooth, ZigBee and IEEE 802.11 (Adhoc
mode)
• Node which are distant from each other( outside direct transmission
range of each other) communication using a sequence of
intermediate nodes which cooperate to forward the traffic to the
destination (Multi hop).

8. Enabling Technologies
• Basic building blocks of Ad hoc network communications the enable
single hop communication between devices in the direct
communication range of each other

9. Enabling Technologies
Technology Application
focus
Data rate Range Configuration Other features
ZigBee Home
Automation
Up to 250 Kbps 10m to 100m Master slave
(up to 256
devices) peer
to peer )
Long battery
Bluetooth
(Personal Area
Network PAN)
Wireless
alternative to
RS-232 cable
1Mbps 100m 8 active
devices
Authentication
encryption
Mobile Adhoc
IEEE 802.11
Single hop
Adhoc network
54Mbps 100-200m Peer to peer Inexpensive hardware

10. Classifications of wireless Adhoc Networks
1. Wireless Adhoc Networks (WMN)- (Pure Adhoc consist of
stationary nodes )
2. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET)
3. Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET)
4. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

11. 2.Mobile Adhoc Network
• Infrastructure less network of mobile device connected wirelessly
which follow the self CHOP properties
• Self configure
• Self Heal
• Self optimization
• Self protect
• Highly dynamic topology which frequent link changes
• Nodes act as routers to forward other nodes packets
• MANETs enable spatial spectrum re-use due to limited bandwidth of
each nodes

12. Vehicular AD HOC Networks

13. 3.Vehicular A HOC Networks
• Advantages and applications of VANETs
• Co-operation driving
• Information sharing and media streaming
• Components of VANETs
• On Board Unit (OBU)- responsible for data collection from different sensors
and communication with other OBUs(Vehicular).
• Road Side Unit (RSU) – infrastructure which enables communication to the
outside network
• Supports multi hop communication between vehicles
• Consists of both inter vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle to
infrastructure (V2I) communication

14. MANET Vs VANET
Metric MANET VANET
Cost of deployment Comparatively cheap Comparatively high
Mobility Low Very high
Range 100m 1000m
Partitioning of network Low Frequent
Mode of operation Infrastructure less Both infrastructure and
infrastructure less
Movement pattern of
nodes
Random Constrained by road

15. 4.Wireless Sensor networks

16. Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture
applications

17. Wireless Sensor networks
• Consists of a large number of sensor nodes, densely deployed over
an area.
• Sensor nodes are capable of collaborating with one another and
measuring the condition of their surrounding environments(i.e.
light temperature , sound , vibration).
• Due to the fact that the sensor nodes in WSN have short radio
transmission range , intermediate nodes act as relay nodes to
transmit data towards the sink node using a multi hop path.
• Must consume extremely low power
• WSNs can be either mobile or stationary.

18. Applications of WSNs include
• Temperature measurement
• Humidity level
• Lighting condition
• Air pressure
• Soil makeup
• Noise level
• Vibration

19. Wireless Mesh Network

20. Wireless Mesh Network
• Composed of mesh routers and mesh clients
• WMN have multiple redundant link in the network. Upon link
failure traffic is routed through alternate links. This increases
robustness of the network
• Integration and interoperation with older networks can be easily
achieved since WMNs are IP based.
• Application scenarios include broadband home network, enterprise
network , metropolitan area networks, Building automation,
transportation system etc.