1. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: A WAY
FORWARDING FOR LIVING TOGETHER
Manoranjan Dash
MA in Education
Ravenshaw University
Cuttack

2. Concepts of inclusive education
“Inclusive education is a set of values,
principles and practices that seeks more
effective and meaningful education for all
students, regardless of whether they have
exceptionality labels or not”(Michael F.
Giangreco(1997)
“Inclusive education implies synchronization
of the educational needs of the normal
children and the educational requirements of
the children with the special needs, so as to
evolve a common curriculum with a view to
provide education to all regular schools
itself”(Uppal and Dey(2001):

3. NATURE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:
 Inclusive education reflects the values, ethos and culture of
a public education system
 It ensures that schools are supportive and engaging
 It is underpinned by respectful relationships between
learners, teachers and caregivers
 It is supported by collaborative relationships

4. POLICIES
 The UN convention on the rights of the child(1989)
which sets out children’s rights in respect of freedom
from discrimination and in respect of the
representation of their wishes and views.
 The UNESCO Salamanca statement (1994) which calls
on all government to give the highest priority to
inclusive education.
 The UN convention on the rights of persons with
Disabilities (2006) which calls on all states parties to
ensure an inclusive education system at all levels.
 The formal education of children with disabilities
began in India in 1869 in Banaras by Miles1997. Miles
also reported that the first formal school for children
with intellectual and physical disabilities was
established in the eastern part of India in Kurseong in
1918.

5. CONT…
 Sargent Report in 1944,
“Recommendations to send children with
disabilities to mainstream schools”
 NUEPA in 2003, “seems to give inclusive
education as an exclusive flavor”
 In 1974, the ministry of welfare central
govt. of India initiated IEDC program.

6. STEPS TAKEN BY NATIONAL AND STATE LEVEL:
 Recommendation for SC and ST students
 Recommendations for OBCs, Minorities
and Other Disadvantaged Groups
 Recommendations for Girls/Women
 Recommendations for Disabled Children

7. PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FOR INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
 Teachers attitude (intolerance, labeling
child and his teacher
 Rigid methods and rigid curricular
 Environment is inaccessible
 Many drop-outs, many repeaters
 Teaching aids and equipment are lacking
 Poor quality training of teachers and
learners

8. No excuses
Let’s just do it
“let us make it a single
Whole within a diversity”

9. CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENT INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
 The challenge of poverty associated with disability
 The challenge of modifying deeply held attitudes
 Dissemination and public education
 The challenge of providing adequate levels of training to
key stakeholders
 Provision of resources
 Training of teachers
 Need to design innovative system of training
 Need for collaboration between different ministries
 Involve NGO’s in implementing inclusive education
programs
 Establish an alternative system of examination
 School-university partnership