2017 Greater Mekong Forum - Session 13 - Deltas under pressure: challenges in managing water, land and ecosystems in the Mekong region
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Three presentations from session 13 of the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy, hosted by the Stockholm Environment Institute, the Myanmar Environment Institute, the Dragon Institute, and SUMERNET on October 25th in Yangon. This session was targeted at policy stakeholders tasked with developing safe and sustainable food systems through a discussion of proven approaches and policy options with the aim of creating a community of practice across deltas within the region.
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2017 Greater Mekong Forum - Session 13 - Deltas under pressure: challenges in managing water, land and ecosystems in the Mekong region
- 1. Deltas under pressure: challenges in managing water, land and ecosystems in the Mekong Region Creating opportunities for participants to share and exchange knowledge & experience across the Mekong, Ayeyarwady, and other river delta systems in SE Asia. Session 13 Date: 26th Oct 2017 Time: 8.00-10:00 Room 1: Mingalar
- 2. Session description Session plan Session objective Speakers Facilitators The penultimate Asia-Pacific Human Development Report identified deltas as critical to food systems in their respective countries and the region. As complex systems, policy makers need to acknowledge the diversity of socio-economic and environmental processes they encompass. We investigate the current state of food systems in the Ayeyarwady and Mekong Deltas, threats and changes experienced by communities, water users and industries, and explore policies and measures for sustainable deltaic food systems. This session is targeted at policy stakeholders tasked with developing safe and sustainable food systems. We discuss proven approaches and policy options with the aim of creating a community of practice across deltas within the region. We apply a range of participatory tools, with strategic inputs and questions to spur discussion. Experts in the field of water management, fisheries, agriculture, and climate adaptation will be on hand to supply practical knowledge. It is expected that this session will yield a network of development and policy professionals that will continue knowledge and best practice sharing beyond the Forum. • To explore the cooperation of a Ayeyarwady delta actors with the existing SUMERNET network and evaluate the demand for an organized community that can respond to food, water, and ecosystem-specific issues • To face up to the entangled challenges posed by river deltas and their critical role in development/economic growth/food production while simultaneously being fragile and prone to uncertain climate futures • To validate the experiences of people locally and increase the sense of urgency and commitment to working on hard challenges across the region by connecting individuals & organizations into a wider network of support Prof Win Maung, MEI Dr. Chayanis Krittasudthacheewa, SEI & SUMERNET Dr. Andrew Noble, SEI Prof Nguyen Hieu Trung, Dragon Institute Dr Clemens Grunbuhel, SEI S Fisher Qua, Back-Loop Khin Yadanar Oo, SEI Lin Htet Kaung, MEI Than Htway Liwn, SEI On Suan Khai, MEI Time Segment description Part I: Welcome & Overview 8.00 • Introduction by Dr Chayanis Krittasudthacheewa SEI on regional cooperation in the Mekong Basin • Welcome by Prof Win Maung (MEI) Part II: Current Challenges 8.10 • World Café on challenges, current solutions, commonalities and differences across deltas Part III: Threats & Drivers 8.45 • Critical threats to and uncertainties in food systems of deltas (Prof Nguyen Hieu Trung) Part IV: Expert Consultation 8.55 • Caravan consulting with experts on critical issues in deltas (food production, social change, fisheries, natural resource management & conservation). Experts on hand will be announced at the start of the session. Part V: Regional policy processes 9.25 • A look at the broader policy environment across the region and how it might unfold over the coming years (Clemens Grunbuhel) Part VI: Building a network 9.35 • Network webbing and discussion on identifying actors, policy processes and potential cooperation across deltas 9.55 • Reflection and summary of lessons learned
- 4. https://www.asiaexchange.org/blogs/his-majesty-king-bhumibol-adulyadej/ Source: https://www.asiaexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/HM-King-Bhumibol-Adulyadej.jpg • UNDP Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award • IUSS Humanitarian Soil Scientist Medal • Father of Royal Rainmaking • Father of Thai Innovation • Father of Thai Invention • Father of Thai Heritage Conservation • Father of Thai Research • Father of Thai Craftsmanship Standard Royal cremation day, 26th October 2017 “Development must follow the topographical condition and sociological condition so that it is suitable”
- 5. Today’s activities (120min) Part 1: Welcome & Overview Part 2: Current Challenges: World Café on challenges, current solutions, commonalities and differences across deltas Part 3: Threats & Drivers: Critical threats to and uncertainties in food systems of deltas Part 4: Expert Consultation - Caravan consulting with experts on critical issues in deltas (food production, social change, fisheries, natural resource management & conservation). Experts on hand will be announced at the start of the session. Part 5: Regional policy processes- A look at the broader policy environment across the region and how it might unfold over the coming years Part 6: Building a network - Network webbing and discussion on identifying actors, policy processes and potential cooperation across deltas Part 7: Reflection and closing
- 6. Mekong Region: Important food system v The Lower Mekong countries produced rice more than 100 million tons of paddy rice in 2014, almost 15% of the world total1. v The Mekong Basin is called as the “rice bowl of Asia” v Other important export crops include cassava, corn, sugarcane, soy beans, coffee, rubber and fruits 1Source: World Rice Statistics, International Rice Research Institute, 2014 4
- 7. 5 Upstream development River bed mining and estimated amount of extraction (Bravard et al., 2014). Live storage of hydropower dams in the LMB (MRC, 2011 Atlas)
- 8. Downstream: Changes in sea level rise • IPCC (2007) report that the global average rate was 1.7 ± 0.5 mm/yr (20th century), • The result for recent decades indicate increase rates of +2.8 mm/yr to +3.4 mm/yr in the Mekong Delta. • Increase saline intrusion in Mekong Delta. Satellite Data (Tran Thuc, 2012) 6 cm/yr
- 10. 1. Build capacity for, and deliver, policy research 2. Stimulate bottom-up and demand driven collaborative research and action 3. Support regional assessments and comparative policy analyses 4. Engage with policy process SUMERNET (2005-present)
- 19. • Better understanding à reduce uncertainty • Research à knowledge (analyzed, discussed, presented, shared) • Knowledge à change perception/belief in valuing water: o water à food ? o water à energy ? o water à ecosystem ? o water à leisure ? … • Knowledge + value à suitable technical solutions, change rule, governance (better collaboration, strategy, plan, implementation, evaluation) Knowledge development for sustainable development http://saigonnews.vn Mekong River Cruises http://absolutecambodia.comwww.mekongeye.com Doing the right things vs. doing things right
- 22. Why Deltas? • Vulnerable to • climate change • upstream development • rising water consumption • Productive • Agriculture • Fisheries • People • Cities
- 23. Drivers International Regional National IPCC: AR4 & AR5 ASEAN World Bank (AD) UNDP: AP-HDR ADB - GMS Dutch Delta Strategy (AD & MD) UNFCCC: NAP MRC National development policy
- 24. Policy Focus Existing Emerging Manufacture Integrated Assessment Export Comprehensive Planning Infrastructure Green growth Finance Stakeholder engagement Water management Cooperation Growth Conservation
- 26. Why Cooperation? • Avoiding past mistakes • Same same, but different • Shared economic, socio-cultural, historic region • Shared biophysical issues • Part of regional integration