The document discusses the ethical guidelines established by the American Psychological Association (APA) for psychologists. It provides information on the APA as the largest association of psychologists, founded in 1892. It defines ethics as rules of conduct for a profession. The APA's general principles for ethics include beneficence, responsibility, integrity, justice, and respecting people's rights. The document outlines specific ethical standards and guidelines psychologists must follow regarding issues like resolving ethical issues, competence, privacy, research, advertising and more. It stresses the humane treatment of animals in research and justified research purposes.

1. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION (APA)
• World’s largest association of
psychologists.
• Membership of more than 137,000
• Founded in 1892
• Headquarters at Washington D.C, United
States of America.
• Aims at advancement in creation,
communication and application of
psychological knowledge.

3. MEANING OF ETHICS
• Philosophical term.
• Greek word “ethos" meaning character.
• Rules of conduct recognized as
appropriate to a particular profession or
way of life.
• According to Collins Dictionary(1979),
“ethical means accordance with principle
of conduct that are considered correct
especially those for a given profession.”

4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
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Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
Principle C: Integrity
Principle D: Justice
Principle E: Respect for People’s Right and
Dignity

5. ETHICAL STANDARD
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Resolving Ethical issues
Competence
Human Relations
Privacy and Confidentiality
Advertising and Other Public Statements
Record Keeping and Fees
Education and Training
Research and Publication
Assessment
Therapy

6. RESOLVING ETHICAL ISSUES
• Misuse of psychologist’s work
• Conflicts between ethics, law and legal
authorities
• Conflicts between ethics and
organization demand
• Informal resolution of ethical violation
• Improper complaints

7. COMPETENCE
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Boundaries of competence
Providing services in emergencies
Maintaining competence
Bases for scientific and professional
judgments
• Delegation of work to others
• Personal problems and conflicts

8. HUMAN RELATIONS
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Unfair discrimination
Sexual and other harassment
Avoiding harm
Multiple relationships
Third -party request for services
Cooperation with other professional
Informed consent

9. PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
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Maintaining confidentiality
Discussing limits of confidentiality
Recording
Disclosures
Consultations
Use of information for didactic or other
purpose

10. ADVERTISING AND OTHER PUBLIC
STATEMENTS
• Avoidance of false and deceptive
statements
• Statements by others
• Media presentations

11. EDUCATION AND TRAINING
• Design of education and training
programs
• Description of education and training
programs
• Accuracy in teaching
• Student disclosure of personal
information

12. RECORD KEEPING AND FEES
• Documentation of professional and
scientific work and maintenance
of records
• Withholding records for payments
• Fees and financial arrangements
• Barter with clients

13. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
• Institutional approval
• Informed consent to research
• Informed consent for recording and
images
• Deception

14. GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL CONDUCT
IN THE CARE AND USE OF ANIMALS
• Guidelines developed by APA for use by
psychologists working with non-human
animal subjects.
• Informed by section 8.09.
• Acquisition ,care ,use ,housing, disposition
of animals in research must be according to
the guidelines.

15. BASIC GUIDELINES
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Justification of the research
Personnel
Care and housing of laboratory animals
Acquisition of laboratory animals
Experimental procedures
Field research
Educational use of non-human animals

16. JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH
• Clear scientific purpose
• Purpose should be of scientific potential
significance
• Aware of literature, use alternatives
,minimize number and choosing best
species.
• Institutional animal care & use committee
(IACUC)
• Monitoring the research

17. PERSONNEL
• Familiar with guidelines
• Conform to the Animal Welfare Act and
applicable federal regulations
• Information about behavioral
characteristics
• Explicit instructions

18. CARE AND HOUSING OF LABORATORY
ANIMALS
• No specific guidelines for psychological
well-being
• Housing facilities should meet current
guidelines
• Procedures to be reviewed by ISCUC and
reviews from corresponding committee
• Responsibility of psychologist and lab
keeper under supervision by IACUC

19. ACQUISITION OF LABORATORY
ANIMALS
• Lawfully acquired and consulted for
information regarding regulation
• Responsibility of transporters
• Trapped in a humane manner
• Proper use of endangered , threatened
or imported animals

20. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
• Observational and non-invasive forms are
acceptable
• Use of behavioral procedures , minimal level of
aversion and testing painful stimulation on
themselves
• Euthanizing before consciousness is acceptable
• More than momentary and slight aversive
stimulation only in extreme situations
• Justification from IACUC for prolonged aversion,
tissue damage , metabolic disturbances
• Avoiding muscle relaxants or paralytics without
anesthesia

21. • Using aseptic techniques during surgery
-under trained person
-under anesthesia till the end
-postoperative monitoring
-avoiding multiple surgery
• Should not be released in wild
• Euthanasia with legislation of health,
environment , aesthetic concern of IACUC

22. FIELD RESEARCH
• Materially altering behavior and damage
to ecosystem
• Minimum disturbance to the population
and areas
• Avoiding such research on endangered
species

23. EDUCATIONAL USE
• Used for educational purposes only after
review by an IACUC or committee
appropriate to the institution.
• Consideration should be given to the
possibility of using non-animal alternatives.