The document summarizes notes on the early history of Rome from the Roman Monarchy through the establishment of the Roman Republic. It describes Rome's strategic geographic location, the original Latin settlers, conquest by the Etruscans who established a monarchy ruled by kings called Tarquins. The last Tarquin king ruled as a tyrant, leading the Romans to overthrow the monarchy and establish the Roman Republic with elected representatives instead of a monarch.

1. Notes on Rome: Divided into 5 parts
 Part I: Roman Monarchy (Tarquin)
Part II: Roman Republic
Part III: Roman Empire
Part IV: Decline and Collapse of Rome
Part V: Roman Achievements

2. PART I: ROMAN
MONARCHY (TARQUIN)
6-2.3: Describe the development of Roman civilization, including
language, government, architecture, and engineering.
6-2.4: Describe the expansion and transition of the Roman
government from monarchy to republic to empire, including the
roles of Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar (Octavius).

3. I. Significance of Rome's Geographic
Location
A. Rome is located in the current country of Italy.
B. It is located on a narrow peninsula, land covered on three sides by water.
1. Enemies had a difficult time invading on such a narrow piece of land.
C. The Alps Mountains are to the north
1. The Alps Mountains provided protection from the north.
Alps
Mountains

4. I. Significance of Rome's Geographic
Location Continued…
D. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south.
1. Significance of the Mediterranean Sea
a. It protected Rome from invasion from other lands.
b. Allowed Rome to develop a large trade network with other nations on
the Mediterranean Sea.
c. Rome eventually conquered the lands along the Mediterranean Sea.
Africa
Europe
Rome
Asia
Mediterranean Sea

5. II. Latins (753 BC)
A. The original settlers of Rome were the Latins.
B. The language of the Latins became the language of the Romans called Latin.
C. Latin is the basis of the Romance Languages - Languages of Italian, Spanish,
French, Portuguese, and Romanian.
1. The languages are classified as Romance because of similarities in structure
and vocabulary.

6. II. Latins (753 BC)
D. English came from Germanic languages. However we use many Latin terms in our
vocabulary.
1. In Medicine - orthodontics, infection, rigor mortis (stiffness of the body at
death)
2. In Law - in loco parentis (in place of the parent); veto (the power of a
president or governor to prevent a law)
3. In Science - Homo Sapien (scientific name for humans), Canis lupus
familiari (scientific name for dog)
4. Teen Literature - Panem (bread in Latin), name of the country from The
Hunger Games series.
a. Panem et Circenses (bread and circuses), Chapter
16 Mockingjay - The districts provide the Capitol "bread and Circuses."
5. Others - et cetera (etc.), curriculum (courses offered by a school), circus

7. III. Etruscans (600 BC)
A. The Etruscans were from the north of Rome and conquered
the city.
B. Under the Etruscans, Rome grew in power and importance.
C. The Etruscans built large temples for the gods and publics
works including a large sewer called the Cloaca Maxima, still in
use today.
D. Due to trade, Rome became the wealthiest city in all of
Italy.

8. IV. Etruscan Monarchy
A. The Etruscans were ruled by a family of monarchs called
the Tarquins. (Monarch - A government ruled by a king or queen.)
B. The last of the Tarquin monarchs ruled as a tyranny. Absolute power of one ruler
that is often cruel.
C. The Romans did not like being ruled by a tyrant so they overthrew the monarchy.
D. They set up their own government called a republic - A form of government in
which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws and the head of
the state is not a monarch.
E. NO ROMAN OR ITALIAN USED THE TITLE KING OR QUEEN
AGAIN!!!