More Related Content
More from Tongsamut vorasan
More from Tongsamut vorasan (20)
สนอง วรอุไร สนทนาภาษาธรรม เล่ม 09
- 2. ™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡
Àπ—ß ◊Õ¥’Õ—π¥—∫∑’Ë Ù¯
π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡‡≈à¡ ˘ : ®“° website kanlayanatam.com
µÕ∫§”∂“¡‚¥¬ : ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡
®—¥æ‘¡æå∂«“¬‡ªìπæÿ∑∏∫Ÿ™“‚¥¬
™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡ Ò ∂.ª√–‚§π™—¬ µ.ª“°πÈ” Õ.‡¡◊Õß ¢ÕπâÕ¡∂«“¬‡ªìπæÿ∑∏∫Ÿ™“
®. ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ ‚∑√. Ú-˜Ú˘ˆÚÙ
À√◊Õ ™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡ ¯˘/ˆ-˜ ´Õ¬»÷°…“«‘∑¬“ ∂. “∏√‡Àπ◊Õ ·≈–
’≈¡ ∫“ß√—° °∑¡. ‚∑√. Ú-ˆÛıÛ˘˘¯
¿“檰 : ¿“æ ’πÈ” °√“∫∫Ÿ™“Õ“®√‘¬§ÿ≥
»‘≈ªîπ : §ÿ≥«‘ Ÿµ√ À√√…å¿‘≠‚≠
¢âÕ∏√√¡ª√–°Õ∫‡≈à¡ : ®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õª√–∑’ª àÕß™’«‘µ
ᴈ
‚¥¬ Õ√‘‚¬ ¿‘°¢ÿ
√Ÿª‡≈à¡-®—¥æ‘¡æå : °âÕπ‡¡¶·Õπ¥å°—π¬å°√ÿäª ‚∑√. ¯˘ ÒÛ-Ûˆı
æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò : ıı ‹‡≈à¡ ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
—ææ∑“π—ß ∏—¡¡∑“π—ß ™‘𓵑
°“√„Àâ∏√√¡–‡ªìπ∑“π ¬àÕ¡™π–°“√„Àâ∑—Èߪ«ß
www.kanlayanatam.com
- 3. §”π”„π°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå∂«“¬‡ªìπæÿ∑∏∫Ÿ™“ Õπÿ‚¡∑π“°∂“
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ»—°√“™„À¡à ¥â«¬¢à“«§√“«∑’˵âÕßµ—Èß µ‘√∫À≈“¬
— ¡’¥ ‘Ë« ¢«“π®–§¡‰¥â µâÕß¡’À‘π ¡’Õÿª°√≥凪ìπ
‡√◊ËÕß√“«„À⥔√ß µ‘¡—ËπÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ßæՇ撬߷≈–‰¡àª√–¡“∑ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ ‡§√◊ËÕß≈—∫ ºŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“‰¥â√—∫§«“¡‡¡µµ“®“°§√ŸºŸâÕ“√’¬å àß
«‘°ƒµ‘ª≠À“‰¡à«à“¥â“π„¥ Ê ¡“°√–∑∫ ºŸâ∑’˧√Õß µ‘¡—Ëπ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë
í ªí≠À“À≈“°À≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫¡“„Àâ ‰¥â „™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ≈—∫ªí≠≠“
®–‡ªìπºŸâ√Õ¥ „À⧡ ®÷ߢբÕ∫§ÿ≥¡“¥â«¬§«“¡®√‘ß„® ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’ˇÀÁπ
π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡¬◊πÀ¬—¥¡“∂÷߇≈à¡∑’Ë ˘ ·≈â« ·≈–®– §ÿ≥§à“·Ààß°“√„Àâªí≠≠“‡ªìπ∑“𠉥â ≈–·√ß°“¬ ·√ß„® ·√ß
‡¥‘πÀπ⓵àÕ‰ª‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥¬—ß ‡æ√“–æ«°‡√“‚™§¥’∑’Ë ‰¥â√∫§«“¡‡¡µµ“
È — ∑√—æ¬å √à«¡ √â“ߺ≈ß“π∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“ ¡’æ≈—ß “¡“√∂ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ
°√ÿ≥“®“°∑à“πÕ“®“√¬åºŸâ∑√ߪí≠≠“‡≈‘»∑“ß∏√√¡ °Õ√ª¥â«¬ «‘∂’™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâ¡’ªí≠À“ √«¡∂÷ß¡«≈™πºŸâ»√—∑∏“ π”µ—«‡¢â“¡“
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πº≈“π‘ ß å·Ààß∏√√¡–·≈–∏√√¡∑“π ·¡â®–µâÕß —¡º— °—∫º≈ß“π∑“ߥâ“πªí≠≠“ ·≈–ª√—∫·°â ‰¢™’«‘µ „Àâ¡“Õ¬Ÿà
æ∫°—∫ªí≠À“Õÿª √√§„¥Ê §≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”∑ÿ°§π°Á ‰¡à‡§¬∑âÕ∂Õ¬ ·µà„π à«π∑’ˇªì𧫓¡®√‘ß·≈–ª≈Õ¥®“°¿—¬ ∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ∑”„Àâ
·≈–À«—߇ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß«à“∑ÿ°∑à“π®–‰¥â√—∫ “√–ª√–‚¬™πå ·≈– ™’«‘µµ°À≈àπ‰ª Ÿà°√–· «π„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘
™à«¬°—π‡º¬·æ√à®√√‚≈ß∏√√¡–„À⇪ìπ∑’Ëæ÷ËߢÕß √√æ —µ«å „π ¢â“懮â“Õâ“߇ՓՓπ‘ ß å·Ààß∑“ππ’È ®ß‡ªìπæ≈«ªí®®—¬ π”æ“
¬“¡«‘°ƒµ‘‡™àππ’È ™’«‘µ¢Õß∑ÿ°∑à“π Ÿà ÿ§µ‘ æ∫·µà§«“¡ ß∫ ÿ¢ ·≈–¡’®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥
Ω“°¢âÕ‡µ◊Õπ„®„Àâ∑ÿ°∑à“π√–≈÷°∂÷ßÀπâ“∑’ËÀ≈—°¢Õß°“√ æâπ‰ª®“° ‘ËßÕ—π‡ªìπ ¡¡ÿµ‘‡¢â“ Ÿà§«“¡«‘¡ÿµµ‘‰¥â‡ªìπ‡∫◊ÈÕß ÿ¥
‡°‘¥¡“‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å §◊Õ°“√π”擵π„Àâæâπ∑ÿ°¢å æâ𧫓¡‡ªìπ∑“
°√ÿ≥“Õ¬à“‡ÀÁπÀπâ“∑’Ë√ÕßÕ◊Ëπ Ê ”§—≠°«à“Àπâ“∑’ËÀ≈—°®π “¬
‡°‘π‰ª.
¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
§≥–ºŸ®¥∑”
â—
- 4. 6ˆ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 7
˜
Ú˜. ·°â ‰¢∑’µ«‡Õß ............................................................................................ Ûˆ
Ë —
∏√√¡ “√∫—≠ Àπâ“ Ú¯. ≈¡À“¬„®À“¬‰ª .......................................................................................... Û˜
Ú˘. ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡º‘¥∑“ß .................................................................................... Û¯
— ‘
Ò. ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ ’¬ ¡¥ÿ≈ .................................................................................. ÒÙ Û. Õ¬“°‡ªìππ“ß«‘ “¢“ ................................................................................. Û¯
Ú. »‘≈ª–°“√øíß∏√√¡ ..................................................................................... Òı ÛÒ. √√æ ‘ß‡°‘¥·≈â«¥—∫ ................................................................................. Û˘
Ë
Û. ºŸª√“√∂𓧫“¡ ÿ¢ ................................................................................... Òˆ
â ÛÚ. ‡ÀÁπ·®âߥ⫬°Æ‰µ√≈—°…≥å ..................................................................... Ù
Ù. §“∂“¥’ ........................................................................................................... Ò˜ ÛÛ. §«“¡ª√“√∂π“∑’‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à ‰¥â ................................................................. ÙÒ
Ë
ı. π‘ææ“π¡’≈°…≥–Õ¬à“߉√ ..................................................................... Ò¯
— ÛÙ. —°°“¬∑‘Ø∞‘∑≈–‰¥â ..................................................................................... ÙÚ
’Ë
ˆ. æ√–Õ√À—πµå ‰ªÕ¬Ÿ∑Ë’„¥ ............................................................................... Ò¯
à Ûı. ¶à“‡™◊Õ®ÿ≈π∑√’¬‡ªìπ∫“ª‰À¡ ................................................................... ÙÚ
È ‘ å
˜. ∑”∫ÿ≠·∑πæàÕ·¡à ........................................................................................ Ò˘ Ûˆ. ∏√√¡¢Õßæ√–Õ√‘¬–‰¡à∂¥∂Õ¬ .............................................................. ÙÛ
¯. ºŸ∂“¡ªí≠À“∑”·∫∫‰Àπ ......................................................................... Ò˘
â Û˜. Õ“™’梓¬À¡Ÿ¬“ß ........................................................................................ ÙÙ
à
˘. °àÕ𵓬¡’æ√–π”∑“ß .............................................................................. Ú Û¯. æ◊π‡æπ‘ ¬‡ªìπ·∫∫‰Àπ ............................................................................. Ùı
È —
Ò. µÕ∫·∑π§ÿ≥¢ÕßæàÕ·¡à ......................................................................... ÚÒ Û˘. ‚™§¥’¡§√ŸÕ¬Ÿà„°≈â ......................................................................................... Ùˆ
’
ÒÒ. ºŸ¡‡«≈“‡À≈◊ÕπâÕ¬ .................................................................................. ÚÚ
â ’ Ù. µ‘¬ßÕàÕπ .................................................................................................... Ù˜
—
ÒÚ. ‡∑«¥“ª√–®”µ—« ....................................................................................... ÚÛ ÙÒ. ∑”Õ¬à“߉√‡¡◊Õµ—«À“¬‰ª .......................................................................... Ù¯
Ë
ÒÛ. ∫ÿ≠πâÕ¬≈ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‹ .................................................................................. ÚÙ ÙÚ. ¡’∑ߪ√–‚¬™πå·≈–‚∑… ............................................................................. Ù¯
—È
ÒÙ. §«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠ ..................................................................... Úı
‘ ÙÛ. ¥’∑ß ÕßÕ¬à“ß .............................................................................................. Ù˘
—È
Òı. ‡Àµÿπ” —µ«åπ√°¡“‡°‘¥ .............................................................................. Úˆ ÙÙ. ∂Ÿ°-º‘¥ Õ¬Ÿ∑¡¡¡Õß ................................................................................. ı
à ’Ë ÿ
Òˆ. µ“À“‡√◊Õß .................................................................................................... Ú˜
Ë Ùı. ®‘µ∑’‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–¡’æ≈—ß ............................................................................ ıÒ
Ë
Ò˜. §√ŸÕ¬Ÿà ‰Àπ ................................................................................................. Ú¯ Ùˆ. ‰ª Ÿ §µ‘ .......................................................................................................... ıÚ
à ÿ
Ò¯. ¬°Àπ’È„À⥉À¡ .............................................................................................. Û
’ Ù˜. §π∑’√µ“ß®“°§π∑’¡’ .................................................................................. ıÚ
Ë Ÿâ à Ë
Ò˘. Õÿ∑»°ÿ»≈‡«≈“‰Àπ¥’ ................................................................................... ÛÒ
‘ Ù¯. µ‘ ¡ª™—≠≠– ............................................................................................. ıÛ
—
Ú. §«“¡‡°’¬«æ—π .............................................................................................. ÛÚ
Ë Ù˘. Ωñ°®‘µ Õß«‘∏’ ................................................................................................. ıÙ
ÚÒ. º≈°√√¡¬—ß¡’Õ¬ŸÀ√◊Õ‰¡à .......................................................................... ÛÚ
à ı. «π¥’À√◊Õ«π‰¡à¥’ ........................................................................................... ıÙ
ÚÚ. “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡‰¥â .......................................................................... ÛÛ
— ‘ ıÒ. ¡’ ¡“∏‘·≈⫉¡àÀ≈—∫ ..................................................................................... ıı
ÚÛ. π’·À≈–¡“√ .................................................................................................... ÛÛ
Ë ıÚ. §«“¡‡À¡“– ¡‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ ............................................................................ ıˆ
ÚÙ. ‡°‘¥®“°¡‘®©“ ¡“∏‘ .................................................................................. ÛÙ ıÛ. ‚≈°∏√√¡ ¯ °—∫ ¡√√§ ¯ .................................................................... ı˜
Úı. ¡“∏‘‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ ............................................................................................... ÛÙ ıÙ. §”∑’Ë ‰¡à‡§¬‡ÀÁπ .......................................................................................... ı¯
Úˆ. ¢¬–„π„® ......................................................................................................... Ûı ıı. ®ÿµ®µ-ªØ‘ π∏‘®µ ........................................................................................ ı˘
‘ ‘ ‘
- 5. 8 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
¯ ˘
π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 9
ıˆ. ®‘µµ°¿«—ß§å ‰¡àΩπ ........................................................................................ ˆ
í ¯ı. „™â “¡’∑”ß“π ............................................................................................... ¯Ú
ı˜. ®‘µ‡°‘¥‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ........................................................................................ ˆÒ ¯ˆ. ¬—ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑”∫“ª ................................................................................ ¯Û
ı¯. ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡º‘¥∑“ß .................................................................................... ˆÚ
— ‘ ¯˜. °√√¡∞“π∑’‡À¡“–°—∫‚¡À®√‘µ ................................................................ ¯Û
Ë
ı˘. «‘∫“°¢Õß°√√¡™¥„™â ‰¡àÀ¡¥ .................................................................. ˆÚ ¯¯. „§√‰¥â∫≠¡“°°«à“ ...................................................................................... ¯Ù
ÿ
ˆ. «¥¡πµåº‘¥ ............................................................................................. ˆÛ ¯˘. §π√Õ∫¢â“߉¡à¥’ ............................................................................................ ¯ı
ˆÒ. ®Õ߇«√¬“«π“π·§à ‰Àπ ............................................................................ ˆÙ ˘. °“√ «¥¡πµå∑’Ë ‰¥â∫≠¡“° ........................................................................ ¯ˆ
ÿ
ˆÚ. √√æ —µ«å‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡°Æ·Ààß°√√¡ ...................................................... ˆÙ ˘Ò. æ√–‡®â“¡’®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ ....................................................................................... ¯˜
ˆÛ. °“√∑”∫ÿ≠¢Õ߇∑«¥“ ................................................................................ ˆı ˘Ú. Õ¬“°æ∫§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’·∑â®√‘ß ...................................................................... ¯˜
Ë
ˆÙ. π“¡‰ªÕ¬Ÿ∑’Ë ‰Àπ ............................................................................................ ˆˆ
à ˘Û. ¡¡ÿµ∑µ“ß°—π ............................................................................................. ¯¯
‘ ’Ë à
ˆı. °“√πÕπ∑’»≈¢“¥ ........................................................................................ ˆ˜
Ë ’ ˘Ù. ªØ‘∫µ∫™“‰¥â∫≠¡“°°«à“ ........................................................................ ¯˘
— ‘ Ÿ ÿ
ˆˆ. ‡ªìπ°ÿ»≈∑“πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à .................................................................................. ˆ˜ ˘ı. ·°â°√√¡∑’∑”·∑âß ........................................................................................ ˘
Ë
ˆ˜. ‡°‘¥ªïµ¥‰À¡ ............................................................................................. ˆ¯
‘ ’ ˘ˆ. ÿ≠≠µ ¡“∏‘ ................................................................................................. ˘
ˆ¯. ∫ÿ≠∑’‡®◊ե⫬∫“ª ....................................................................................... ˆ˘
Ë ˘˜. √“§®√‘µ°—∫‚∑ ®√‘µ .................................................................................. ˘Ò
ˆ˘. ‡¡◊Õ惵‘°√√¡‡ª≈’¬π ................................................................................ ˜
Ë Ë ˘¯. ¡’»≈§ÿ¡„®„Àâ ‰¥â°Õπ ................................................................................. ˘Ú
’ à
˜. Õπµ—«‡Õß„Àâ ‰¥â°Õπ ................................................................................. ˜Ò
à ˘˘. ∫“ª‡æ√“–∑”ª“≥“µ‘∫“µ ....................................................................... ˘Û
˜Ò. ‘ß∑’‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à ‰¥â ........................................................................................... ˜Ú
Ë Ë Ò. °“√∫«™∑’Ë ‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ................................................................................. ˘Û
˜Ú. ”π÷°º‘¥®“°°“√™—°¥“∫ .......................................................................... ˜Û ÒÒ. Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠‡¡◊Õ„¥®÷ß®–¥’ ............................................................................ ˘Ù
‘ Ë
˜Û. ®–‡À≈◊ÕÕ–‰√Õ’°≈à– .................................................................................... ˜Ù ÒÚ. ∫ÿ≠Õ¬Ÿ∑’Ë„®¢ÕߺŸ°√–∑” .......................................................................... ˘ı
à â
˜Ù. Õ“™’扡॒ ..................................................................................................... ˜ı ÒÛ. °“√Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠·≈–°“√·ºà‡¡µµ“ ............................................................. ˘ˆ
‘
˜ı. æ√–ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘ ....................................................................... ˜ı ÒÙ. ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬µà“ß°—π .................................................................................. ˘˜
˜ˆ. ¬—ßµâÕß∑”‡æ◊Õ √â“ß∫“√¡’ ........................................................................ ˜ˆ
Ë Òı. º≈¢ÕßÕ‚À ‘°√√¡ ..................................................................................... ˘¯
˜˜. ‰¡àÕ¬“°·µà∑”°Á¬ßº‘¥»’≈ ......................................................................... ˜˜
— Òˆ. ‡¥√—®©‹“π«‘™“ ................................................................................................ ˘¯
˜¯. ‡ªìπ —¡¡“ µ‘‰À¡ ................................................................................... ˜˜ Ò˜. Õ¬“°æ∫°—πÕ’°„𙓵‘Àπâ“ ..................................................................... ˘˘
˜˘. °“√‡¢â“∑’Ë ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ............................................................................. ˜¯ Ò¯. ‰¡àº¥»’≈ ”À√—∫¶√“«“ ........................................................................... ˘˘
‘
¯. ºŸâ ‰√â ®®– ................................................................................................... ˜˘
— Ò˘. °≈—«∑”∫“ª°—∫·¡ß¡ÿ¡ .............................................................................. Ò
¯Ò. ¥Ÿµπ·∫∫·≈â«∑”µ“¡ ................................................................................. ˜˘
â ÒÒ. ∑”∫“ª‚¥¬‰¡à‡®µπ“ ................................................................................. ÒÒ
¯Ú. ‡æ√“–‡ÀµÿÕ–‰√ ............................................................................................ ¯ ÒÒÒ. ª√÷°…“ºŸ¡ª√– ∫°“√≥å ........................................................................... ÒÚ
â ’
¯Û. ‡∑«¥“·≈–æ√À¡∑’∫√√≈ÿ∏√√¡¢—π Ÿß ................................................... ¯
Ë È ÒÒÚ. ∑”®‘µ„Àâ ß∫„π∑’∑”ß“π ........................................................................... ÒÚ
Ë
¯Ù. ∑”™—«‰¥âº≈™—« ............................................................................................... ¯Ò
Ë Ë ÒÒÛ. π’·À≈–¡‘®©“Õ“™’«– ................................................................................... ÒÛ
Ë
- 6. Ò
10 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 11
ÒÒ
ÒÒÙ. √à«¡°—π∑”∫“ª .............................................................................................. ÒÙ ÒÙÛ. °∫®–ÕÕ°®“°°–≈“§√Õ∫ ..................................................................... ÒÙÚ
ÒÒı. ‡™◊Õ„§√¥’≈– ................................................................................................... Òı
Ë à ÒÙÙ. ‡ª≈’¬πµ—«‡Õß„À⇪ìπºŸ™π– ...................................................................... ÒÙÛ
Ë â
ÒÒˆ. ¥Ÿ„Àâ ‰°≈°«à“µ“‡π◊Õµ“Àπ—ß ...................................................................... Òˆ
È ÒÙı. µâÕߢբ¡“°√√¡ ........................................................................................ ÒÙˆ
ÒÒ˜. ‡Õ“À≈“¬Õ¬à“ßµâÕß„™â‡«≈“π“π ............................................................ Òˆ ÒÙˆ. ∑”¥’∂°∑“ß·≈â«∑”µàÕ‰ª .......................................................................... ÒÙ¯
Ÿ
ÒÒ¯. °“√°√–∑” ”§—≠°«à“™◊Õ .......................................................................... Ò¯
Ë ÒÙ˜. ™à“ß¡—π‡∂Õ– .................................................................................................. ÒÙ˘
ÒÒ˘. ∑”‡Àµÿ„Àâ∂°µâÕß ......................................................................................... Ò˘
Ÿ ÒÙ¯. Õ¬“°¥’µÕß¡’§√Ÿ¥’ ....................................................................................... Òı
â
ÒÚ. Õπÿ≠“µ·≈⫉¡à‡ªìπ‚∑… ............................................................................ ÒÒÚ ÒÙ˘. ¥ŸÀ¡Õ™’«°‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß ............................................................................ ÒıÒ
ÒÚÒ. ‡≈◊Õ°¿“«π“µ“¡®√‘µ∑’∂°°—π ................................................................. ÒÒÙ
Ë Ÿ Òı. ¢Õ§”ª√÷°…“®“°À¡Õ ............................................................................ ÒıÛ
ÒÚÚ. µ“¡¥Ÿ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ®√‘ß .......................................................................................... ÒÒˆ ÒıÒ. Ωñ°∑—ß ÕßÕ¬à“ß ........................................................................................... ÒıÙ
È
ÒÚÛ. ∑”µ—«‡Õß„À⇢“»√—∑∏“ .............................................................................. ÒÒ˜ ÒıÚ. ‡™‘≠‡¢“¡“Õ¬Ÿ·≈⫉¡à¥·≈ ........................................................................ Òıˆ
à Ÿ
ÒÚÙ. ∑”µ“¡ºŸ√∫Õ°°≈à“« ................................................................................. ÒÒ˘
â Ÿâ ÒıÛ. ªÆ‘∫µ∏√√¡‰¡à°“«Àπâ“ ............................................................................ Òı˜
— ‘ â
ÒÚı. µâÕß∑” Û ‡√◊Õß ......................................................................................... ÒÚ
Ë ÒıÙ. °“√∫Ÿ™“∑’¥°«à“ ......................................................................................... Òı¯
Ë ’
ÒÚˆ. ¡’‡®µπ“∫√‘ ∑∏‘Ï ............................................................................................ ÒÚÒ
ÿ Òıı. «‘∏ √â“߇Àµÿ„Àâµ√ß ..................................................................................... Òˆ
’
ÒÚ˜. ª“° µ“ „® ‰ª§π≈–∑“ß ...................................................................... ÒÚÚ Òıˆ. ‰¡à§Õ¬∂Ÿ°¬ÿß°—¥ ....................................................................................... ÒˆÚ
à
ÒÚ¯. §∫À“∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ‡æ◊Õπ .......................................................................... ÒÚÛ
Ë Òı˜. ‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘¢Õ߇¢“ ....................................................................................... ÒˆÛ
ÒÚ˘. ‡À¡◊Õπ𑬓¬™’«µ ..................................................................................... ÒÚˆ
‘ Òı¯. µ“¡°Æ·Ààß°√√¡ ...................................................................................... ÒˆÙ
ÒÛ. ¡“Õ¬Ÿ°∫¬“¬‰À¡ ...................................................................................... ÒÚ¯
à — Òı˘. Õ∏‘…∞“π‡™àπ‰√ ............................................................................................. Òˆı
ÒÛÒ. §π¡’∏√√¡‰¡àÀπ’ª≠À“ .......................................................................... ÒÚ˘
í Òˆ. ¡‘®©“«“®“ ..................................................................................................... Òˆˆ
ÒÛÚ. Õ¬“°∑√“∫§”Õ∏‘…∞“π„πÕ¥’µ .............................................................. ÒÛ ÒˆÒ. ™¥„™â°√√¡·∫∫‰Àπ ................................................................................... Òˆ˜
ÒÛÛ. ∑”¥’°«à“‰¡à∑” ................................................................................................ ÒÛÒ ÒˆÚ. Õ¬“°√Ÿ‡¢“Õ¬Ÿà ‰Àπ ..................................................................................... Òˆ˜
â
ÒÛÙ. ‡æ»∑’ “¡ ..................................................................................................... ÒÛÚ
Ë ÒˆÛ. ‡Àµÿ‡æ√“–®‘µÀ≈ß ....................................................................................... Òˆ¯
ÒÛı. øíß·≈⫇ߒ¬∫ .................................................................................................. ÒÛÛ ÒˆÙ. Õ∏‘…∞“π‡°‘¥‡ªìπºŸ™“¬ .......................................................................... Òˆ¯
â
ÒÛˆ. ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™„ππ“¥’ ............................................................................................ ÒÛÙ Òˆı. °“√∫√‘À“√∑√—æ¬å√Õπ ................................................................................ Òˆ˘
â
ÒÛ˜. ”§—≠∑’Ë„® ◊Õ∂÷ß°—π‰¥â ......................................................................... ÒÛı
Ë Òˆˆ. ‡¢â“¨“π·≈⫵“¡¥Ÿ ..................................................................................... Ò˜
ÒÛ¯. π—∫µ—«‡≈¢·≈â«®‘µµ—ß¡—π ............................................................................ ÒÛˆ
È Ë Òˆ˜. °√√¡Õ¬Ÿ∑‡®µπ“ ....................................................................................... Ò˜Ú
à ’Ë
ÒÛ˘. ¡“µ√«—¥ ¡“∏‘ .............................................................................................. ÒÛ˜ Òˆ¯. „Àâ„π ‘ß∑’Ë ‰¡à¡’ ................................................................................................ Ò˜Û
Ë
ÒÙ. ·°â∑µπ‡Àµÿ .................................................................................................... ÒÛ¯
’Ë â Òˆ˘. °√√¡‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π ......................................................................................... Ò˜Ù
ÒÙÒ. ‡¡◊Õ‰ø‡√‘¡§ÿ .................................................................................................. ÒÛ˘
Ë Ë Ò˜. æ√∑’Ë„Àâ ............................................................................................................. Ò˜Ù
ÒÙÚ. ∂“π∑’Ë ‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ................................................................................... ÒÙ Ò˜Ò. ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π .................................................................................................. Ò˜ı
- 7. ÒÚ
12 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : ÒÛ
13
Ò˜Ú.
Ò˜Û.
Ÿ§«“¡‡ªìπÕπ—µµ“ ..................................................................................... Ò˜ˆ
à
∂Ÿ°·µà¬ß‰¡à∂°À¡¥ ..................................................................................... Ò˜˜
— Ÿ
§µ‘∏√√¡ çπ‘ææ“πé
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Ò˜Ù. µ—« —πµ—«À¡ÿπ ............................................................................................. Ò˜¯
Ë
Ò˜ı. ∑”ß“π¥â«¬„® ................................................................................................ Ò˜˘ ∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õ߇√“°Á‡∑à“π’È ‡ÀÁπ‡æ’¬ß¡’°“¬°—∫®‘µ ∂‘µÕ¬Ÿà
Ò˜ˆ. ™’∑“ߪؑ∫µ∏√√¡ ........................................................................................ Ò¯
È — ‘
Ò˜˜. ∏√√¡∑’ ß∫‡¬Áπ ............................................................................................ Ò¯Ú
Ë
®‘µ‡ªìππ“¬§Õ¬°”°—∫°“√√—∫√Ÿâ ºà“𵓠ÀŸ ®¡Ÿ° ≈‘Èπ ·≈–º‘«°“¬
Ò˜¯. §π ÿ°-§π¥‘∫ ................................................................................................ Ò¯Û §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° «¬ - ∑√“¡¬“¡µ“‡ÀÁπ ÀÕ¡À√◊Õ‡À¡Áπ°√–∑∫∂Ÿ°®¡Ÿ°À¡“¬
Ò˜˘. §«√∫«™°’«π ................................................................................................. Ò¯Ù
Ë— ‡æ√“– - ‰¡à‡æ√“– —¡º— ÀŸ¡‘√Ÿâ§≈“¬ ≈‘ÈππÈ”≈“¬√—∫√ ‚Õ™‚Õ™“
Ò¯. ·¬°„™âÀ√◊Õ√à«¡„™â ....................................................................................... Ò¯ˆ
Ò¯Ò. ”§—≠∑’°“√ ◊Õ “√ .................................................................................... Ò¯˜
Ë Ë
°“¬°√–∑∫‡¬Áπ√âÕπÕàÕπÀ√◊Õ·¢Áß ≈â«πª√ÿß·µàß®“°®‘µ§‘¥ √√À“
Ò¯Ú. §«“¡Õ¬“°‰¡à π ÿ¥ ................................................................................... Ò¯¯
‘È ‡ªìπ√—° ‚≈¿ ‚°√∏ À≈ß ≈â«π¡“¬“ ®‘µ®÷ß擇«’¬π«à“¬„π∫à«ß¡“√
Ò¯Û. ‡¡◊Õ‡®â“À𒵓¡∑—π ....................................................................................... Ò˘
Ë È „ÀâÀ≈ß„À≈„π√Ÿª √ °≈‘Ëπ ‡ ’¬ß §‘¥«à“‡∑’ˬß≈«ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ·°àπ “√
Ò¯Ù. À≈“¬‡®â“¢Õß ............................................................................................ Ò˘Ú
Ò¯ı. ‘ß∑”„®„À⇻√â“À¡Õß ............................................................................... Ò˘Û
Ë
™Õ∫°Á‡ “–· «ß‰«â§√Õß„Àâπ“π ™—ß°Áµâ“πº≈—°‰ ‰¡àÕ¬“°™‘¥
Ò¯ˆ. ‡√’¬°«à“ªïµ‘ .................................................................................................. Ò˘Ù ®–¥—∫‡Àµÿ·Ààß∑ÿ°¢åÀ√◊Õ ÿ¢ ‘Èπ µâÕߥ—∫∂‘Ë𰔇𑥇°‘¥®“°®‘µ
Ò¯˜. π÷°·≈–§‘¥ ...................................................................................................... Ò˘ı ¡‘„ÀâøÿÑߪ√ÿß·µà߇ªìπ·√ßæ‘… §ÿ¡§«“¡§‘¥§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‰«â‡ªìπ°≈“ß
Ò¯¯. À≈“°À≈“¬ªí≠À“ ...................................................................................... Ò˘ˆ
Ò¯˘. §π™à“ß ß —¬ .......................................................................................... Ò˘¯
‡¡◊ËÕ®‘µπ‘ËߺàÕß„ „® ß∫ °Á®–æ∫§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈–§«“¡«à“ß
Ò˘. Õ¿‘≠≠“ ˆ .................................................................................................... ÚÒ ∑ÿ° ‘Ëß √√æåæ≈—π°√–∑∫°Áª≈àÕ¬«“ß ‡À¡◊ÕππÈ”§â“ß°≈‘ÈßÀ≈àπ∫π„∫∫—«
Ò˘Ò. µâÕß∂“¡‡®â“¢Õß .......................................................................................... ÚÚ ®–∑”®‘µÕ‘ √–ª√–¿— √ ≈–π‘«√≥å≈–°“¡≈–§«“¡™—Ë«
Ò˘Ú. Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈„™âÀπ’È ...................................................................................... ÚÙ
‘
Ò˘Û. ¡’°√√¡‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ ..................................................................................... ÚÙ
µâÕߧÿ¡®‘µ‡Õ“‰«â¿“¬„πµ—« Õ¬à“‡º≈Õ¡—«À≈ß„À≈„πÕ∫“¬
À¡—Ëπ§ÿ¡®‘µ‡Õ“‰«â „Àâ√«¡»Ÿπ¬å ‡æ’¬ß‡æ‘Ë¡æŸπ µ‘¡—Ë𠔧—≠À¡“¬
‡®√‘≠»’≈ ¡“∏‘ ¡‘„Àâ§≈“¬ ¥«ßªí≠≠“°Á®–©“¬·««‡√◊Õß√Õß
®π‡°‘¥‡ªìπªí≠≠“®â“°√–®à“ß ®–æ∫∑“ß —®∏√√¡™’Èπ” àÕß
¥—∫§«“¡¡◊¥Õ«‘™™“∑’˧√à“§√Õß §«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕßπ”®‘µ Ÿà∑‘»∑“ß
®‘µ®–≈–§«“¡‚≈¿§«“¡‚°√∏À≈ß ®–ª≈¥ª≈ß∑ÿ°¢å ÿ¢ ‘Èπ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß
¥—∫°‘‡≈ ¥—∫‡™◊ÈÕ∑’ˇ®◊Õ®“ß Ÿà§«“¡«à“ߧ«“¡‡ªìπ∑‘æ¬å Ÿàπ‘ææ“π.
- 8. ÒÙ
14 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : Òı
15
Ò. ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ ’¬ ¡¥ÿ≈ Ú. »‘≈ª–°“√øíß∏√√¡
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‡§¬øíßÕ“®“√¬å查∂÷ß„π°“√µÕ∫ªí≠À“«‘∑¬ÿ —߶∑“π ™à«¬Õ∏‘∫“¬‡∑§π‘§°“√øíß∫√√¬“¬∏√√¡ÀπàÕ¬§√—∫
∏√√¡ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™âπÈ”¡—π°ä“´∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‰¡à‡¢â“„®«à“¡’º≈
°√√¡®“° ‘Ëßπ’ÈÕ¬à“߉√ ‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ„¥ §”µÕ∫
°àÕπøíß∏√√¡ §«√√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√¬àÕ¬ßà“¬ √—∫
§”µÕ∫ ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√æÕ·§à√à“ß°“¬∑√ßÕ¬Ÿà ‰¥â ‰¡à√—∫ª√–∑“π®πÕ‘Ë¡
°√√¡À¡“¬∂÷ ß °“√°√–∑” ¡πÿ … ¬å ° √–∑” ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ∑âÕß∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ªì𧫓¡ßà«ß‡Àß“À“«πÕπ ¢≥–øíß∏√√¡µâÕß
‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π∑”„Àâ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ ’¬ ¡¥ÿ≈ ‡™àπ Ÿ∫πÈ”¡—π¥‘∫‰ª„™â Ÿ∫ ‡Õ“„®®¥®àÕ ( µ‘) Õ¬Ÿà°—∫°“√øíß ®—∫ª√–‡¥Áπ„Àâ∂Ÿ°«à“ „π·µà≈–
‡Õ“°ä“´ÕÕ°¡“®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈â« àߺ≈„Àâ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ ’¬ ¡¥ÿ≈ À—«¢âÕ∏√√¡ ºŸâ∫√√¬“¬¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ߧå„À⺟âøíßµâÕß°“√∑√“∫‡√◊ËÕß
‡¡◊ËÕ∏√√¡™“µ‘®”‡ªìπµâÕߪ√—∫µ—«‡Õß„À⇢ⓠŸà ¿“«– ¡¥ÿ≈ À“° Õ–‰√ ¢≥–øíß∏√√¡µâÕßæ‘®“√≥“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‡Àµÿ‡ÀÁπº≈ (‚¬π‘‚
°“√ª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈°√–∑∫§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‡™àπ ¢≥–ª√—∫ ¡π ‘°“√) «à“§«“¡®√‘ß∑’˺Ÿâ∫√√¬“¬æŸ¥ ¡—π‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕ߇ªìπ®√‘ß
¡¥ÿ≈∑”„À⇰‘¥·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« ‡°‘¥·ºàπ¥‘π·¬° –æ“π ∂ππ∑’Ë„™â ·≈–¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâøíßÕ¬à“߉√ 惵‘°√√¡ (§‘¥ 查
—≠®√™”√ÿ¥‡ ’¬À“¬ ∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬æ—ß∑≈“¬ ´÷Ëß àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ∑”) „¥ ª√–惵‘‰¥â∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–§«√¥”‡π‘πµàÕ‰ª 惵‘°√√¡„¥
§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ¡πÿ…¬å®÷ßµâÕß√—∫º≈∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√ ∑”·≈⫺‘¥æ≈“¥´÷Ëß®–‡ªìπº≈‡ ’¬°—∫™’«‘µ µâÕßÀ¬ÿ¥°√–∑”·≈â«
°√–∑”π—πÈ ª√—∫·°â ‰¢ ºŸâ „¥∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« °“√øíß∏√√¡®–¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
∑”„À⇪≈’ˬπ«‘∂’™’«‘µ ¡“¥”‡π‘πÕ¬Ÿà„π∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß™Õ∫∏√√¡ ¡’
§«“¡ –¥«° √“∫√◊Ëπª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ¡’§«“¡ ß∫·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ
Õ‘ √–¢Õß™’«‘µ‡ªìπº≈‡ªÑ“À¡“¬
Õ¬“°„À⇢“∑”¥’°∫‡√“ ‡√“°ÁµâÕß∑”¥’°—∫‡¢“
—
- 9. Òˆ
16 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : Ò˜
17
Û. ºŸâª√“√∂𓧫“¡ ÿ¢ Ù. §“∂“¥’
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
≈Ÿ° “«§∫§π∑’Ë¥‘©—π‰¡à™Õ∫ ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ™’«‘µ¡’ ÿ¢ º¡√Ÿâ«à“Õ«‘™™“¡—π‰¡à¥’·µà«à“¡—π¬—ßÕ¬“° ¬—ßµâÕß°“√Õ¬Ÿà
‰¡à∑°¢å
ÿ ®–¡’§“∂“¥’„À⺡æÕ‡Õ“‰ª„™â „π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µπ’È ‰¥â∫â“߉À¡
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
Õ¥’µ¢Õßæ√À¡ §◊Õ¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë¡’√Ÿªπ“¡‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ºŸâ∂“¡ À“°¬—ß√—°·≈–ª√“√∂π“®–¡’Õ«‘™™“ ‰«â „π§√Õ∫§√Õß
ªí≠À“ æ√À¡‰¡à‡§¬‡°≈’¬¥™—ß„§√ ‡æ√“–æ√À¡¡’‡¡µµ“ °√ÿ≥“ ¢Õß„® ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∑”‰¥â ‰¡à¬“° ¥â«¬°“√øíß Õà“𠧑¥ Õ¬Ÿà·µà
¡ÿ∑‘µ“ ·≈–Õÿ‡∫°¢“ ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß„® „π ¡—¬∑’ˇ¢“¬—߇ªìπ ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇªìπ ¡¡ÿµ‘¢Õß‚≈° π’˧◊Õ§“∂“∑’Ë®–∑”„ÀâÕ«‘™™“ßÕ°ß“¡
¡πÿ…¬å ‡¢“¬°‡Õ“æ√À¡«‘À“√ Ù ¢÷Èπ¡“„™â‡ªìπÕߧå∫√‘°√√¡ ®π ´÷Ëß¡’º≈¥’µàÕ°“√𔉪„™â·°âªí≠À“¢Õß‚≈° ‡ªìπº≈¥’µàÕ°“√
°√–∑—Ëß®‘µ¡’°”≈—ߢÕß µ‘°≈â“·¢Áß ®π®‘µµ—Èß¡—Ëπ‡¢â“ Ÿà ¡“∏‘ √â“ß«—µ∂ÿ‰«â°—∫‚≈° ·µàÀ“°π”Õ«‘™™“¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß àÕß
√–¥—∫¨“𠵓¬·≈â«®÷ß¡’‚Õ°“ ‰ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπæ√À¡ ∑’Ë¡’®‘µ„® π”∑“ß„Àâ°—∫™’«‘µ Õÿª √√§ ªí≠À“ ·≈–§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å¬àÕ¡‡ªìπº≈
‡¬◊ Õ °‡¬Á π ¡’ § «“¡ ÿ ¢ ‰¡à ‡ °≈’ ¬ ¥™— ß „§√ ºŸâ ∂ “¡ªí ≠ À“¡’ ‡°‘¥µ“¡¡“ „π«—π¢â“ßÀπâ“∑‘Èߢ—π∏å≈“‚≈°‰ª·≈â«¡’Õ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘‡ªìπ
ª√– ∫°“√≥åµ√ßÕ¬Ÿà·≈â««à“°“√‡°≈’¬¥™—ߺŸâÕ◊Ë𠇪ìπ‡Àµÿπ” ∑’À¡“¬ ©π—π§“∂“¥’ªÕß°—π‰¡à„À♫µµ°µË”µâÕß∑”„®„À⡇∫≠®»’≈
Ë È Ñ ’‘ ’
∑ÿ°¢å¡“„Àâ ¡πÿ…¬å·≈– —µ«å∑°µ—«µπ √—° ÿ¢‡°≈’¬¥∑ÿ°¢å‡À¡◊Õπ
ÿ ·≈–‡∫≠®∏√√¡ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬
°—π ©–π—ÈπºŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“ª√“√∂π“®–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ µâÕßæ—≤π“
®‘µ„®„Àâ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫Õ¥’µ¡πÿ…¬å°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‰ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπ
æ√À¡ºŸâ¡‡À —°¢å ‡¢“‰¥â∑”„À⥟‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß·≈â« §ÿ≥≈Õß∑”
µ“¡¥Ÿ ‘ ·≈⫧«“¡ ÿ¢≈–‡Õ’¬¥ª√–≥’µ ¬◊𬓫 °Á®–°≈—∫¡“
‡ªìπ¢Õߧÿ≥ ®ß¡’ —∑∏“„πæ√–æÿ∑∏ æ√–∏√√¡ ·≈–æ√– ߶å
- 10. 18 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ò¯ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : Ò˘
19
ı. π‘ææ“π¡’≈—°…≥–Õ¬à“߉√ ˜. ∑”∫ÿ≠·∑πæàÕ·¡à
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°“√‡¢â“π‘ææ“π‰¥â ¡’≈—°…≥–Õ¬à“߉√ ®–∑√“∫‰¥â °“√∑”∫ÿ≠∑”∑“π·∑π∫‘¥“¡“√¥“´÷Ë߉¡à§àÕ¬®–‰¥â∑”
Õ¬à“߉√ ®–‰¥â ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë ‰Àπ ¡’º≈∂÷ßµ—«∑à“πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
µâÕߢÕÕ¿—¬ ºŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“¬—ßπ”æ“™’«‘µ‰ª‰¡à∂÷ßæ√– ®–¡’º≈∂÷ßµ—«∑à“π µàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“π‰¥â√—∫√Ÿâ·≈â«Õπÿ‚¡∑π“„π
π‘ææ“π ¬—ß‰¡à¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥å®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂µÕ∫ªí≠À“„Àâ∂Ÿ° ∑“π∑’˺⇪ìπ≈Ÿ°∑”·∑π„Àâ
Ÿ
µâÕ߉¥â
ˆ. æ√–Õ√À—πµå ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë „¥ ¯. ºŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“∑”·∫∫‰Àπ
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
ºŸâ∑’ˇªìπÕ√À—πµå·≈â«®–‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë„¥ ∑”∫ÿ≠∑ÿ°§√—Èß®–µâÕßÕÿ∑‘»„À⇮⓰√√¡π“¬‡«√À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
æ√–Õ√À—πµå∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ( Õÿª“∑‘‡ π‘ææ“π) ¬—ß ºŸâ „¥¡’‡¡µµ“·≈–√–≈÷°‰¥â«à“µπ‰¥â∑”∫ÿ≠·≈â« ‡¢“®–
Õ¬Ÿà°—∫¿æ¡πÿ…¬å à«πæ√–Õ√À—πµå∑’˵“¬‰ª·≈â« (Õπÿª“∑‘‡ π‘æ Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠„Àâ°—∫‡®â“°√√¡π“¬‡«√·≈– √√æ —µ«å ºŸâ„¥‰¡à¡’‡¡µµ“
æ“π) ‰¡à ∑ √“∫«à “ ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë ‰ Àπ ‡æ√“–ºŸâ µ Õ∫ªí ≠ À“¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’ ·≈–¢“¥ µ‘ ‡¢“®–‰¡àÕÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠„À⇮⓰√√¡π“¬‡«√·≈– √√æ
ª√– ∫°“√≥å —µ«å ªí≠À“Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«à“ºŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“π‘¬¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘·∫∫‰Àπ
- 11. 20 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ú π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : ÚÒ
21
˘. °àÕ𵓬¡’æ√–π”∑“ß Ò. µÕ∫·∑π§ÿ≥¢ÕßæàÕ·¡à
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°àÕπ ‘Èπ„®∂â“¡’æ√–π”®–‰ª Ÿà ÿ§µ‘®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ·µà∂â“∑” ®–¡’«∏Õ¬à“߉√∫â“ߧ–∑’®–µÕ∫·∑πæàÕ·¡à ‰¥â¥∑ ¥ ·≈–
‘’ Ë ’ ’Ë ÿ
™—«¡“µ≈Õ¥·µà¡æ√–π” µÕπ ‘π„®®–‰ª Ÿ §µ‘‡À¡◊Õπ°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
Ë ’ È àÿ „Àâ∑à“π¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë ÿ¥
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
∑”°√√¡¥’∑”°√√¡™—Ë«¬—߉¡à ”§—≠‡∑à“°—∫ °àÕπ ‘Èπ„® ¥Ÿµ—«Õ¬à“ßæ√– “√’∫ÿµ√ µÕ∫·∑π§ÿ≥¢Õßπ“ß “√’ºŸâ
À“°¡’æ√–™’Èπ”∑“ß ·≈⫺Ÿâ°”≈—ß®–µ“¬¡’ µ‘√–≈÷°‰¥â∂÷ß ‘Ëß∑’ˇªì𠇪ìπ·¡à ¥â«¬°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡‡ÀÁπº‘¥ (¡‘®©“∑‘Ø∞‘) „Àâ°≈—∫¡“¡’
°ÿ»≈°√√¡·≈â«®‘µ∑‘Èß√à“ß„π¢≥–π—Èπ ÿ§µ‘¿æ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ∑’ËÀ¡“¬„𠧫“¡‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ° ( —¡¡“∑‘Ø∞‘) ¬Õ¡√—∫øíß∏√√¡®“°æ√–≈Ÿ°™“¬®π
°“√‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à¢Õ߇¢“ µ√ß°—π¢â“¡°àÕπ ‘Èπ„®®‘µ√–≈÷°‰¥â „π ∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“∫—π ‡ «¬°√–· ·Ààß«‘¡ÿµµ‘ ÿ¢ À√◊Õ¥Ÿµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß
Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡·≈â«®‘µ∑‘Èß√à“ß∑—π∑’ µàÕ„Àâ¡’æ√– ߶塓°πâÕ¬ —°°’Ë æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ µÕ∫·∑π§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–∫‘¥“ (æ√–‡®â“ ÿ∑‚∏∑π–) ¥â«¬
Õߧ塓™’Èπ”∑“ß„Àâ™’«‘µ °Á‰¡à “¡“√∂™à«¬„Àâ ‰ª‡°‘¥„π¿æ∑’Ë¥‰¥â
’ °“√‡ ¥Á®‰ª‡∑»π“∏√√¡‚ª√¥æ√–∫‘¥“ ®π∫√√≈ÿÕ√À—µµº≈
‡ «¬«‘¡µµ‘ ¢
ÿ ÿ
À“°ºŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“¡’»—°¬¿“æ¡“°æÕ ∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ ‰¥â¥—ß
µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˬ°¡“∫Õ°‡≈à“„Àâøíß®–∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“ ‡ªìπ°“√µÕ∫·∑π
§ÿ≥¢ÕßæàÕ·¡à ‰¥â Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–¥’∑Ë ÿ¥
’
∂â“√Ÿâ«à“µπ‡ªìπ∑’Ë√—° æ÷ß√—°…“µπ‰«â „À⥒
∫—≥±‘µ§«√ª√–§—∫ª√–§Õßµπ‰«â Õµ⁄‚∂ Õµ⁄∂ ⁄ π°⁄¢µ⁄µÌ °÷ °√‘ ⁄ π⁄µ‘ µ“√°“
‰¡à∑—Èß “¡«—¬°Á«—¬„¥«—¬Àπ÷Ëß ª√–‚¬™π凪ìπƒ°…å¢Õߪ√–‚¬™πå‡Õß ¥«ß¥“«®—°∑”Õ–‰√‰¥â
∏√√¡∫∑ ¢ÿ.™“.‡Õ°. Ú˜/Òˆ
- 12. ÚÚ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
22 π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 23
ÚÛ
ÒÒ. ºŸâ¡’‡«≈“‡À≈◊ÕπâÕ¬ ÒÚ. ‡∑«¥“ª√–®”µ—«
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
·π–π”À≈—° Ÿµ√‡√àß√—¥ ”À√—∫ºŸ ßÕ“¬ÿ∑’‡À≈◊Õ‡«≈“πâÕ¬
âŸ Ë ¡’‡∑«¥“√—°…“ª√–®”µ—«∑ÿ°§πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ·µà≈–§π®–¡’
·≈–‰¡àª√– ߧå°≈—∫¡“‡°‘¥„π‚≈°π’ÈÕ’° ¢ÕÕ∏‘…∞“π¢Õ‡∑«¿Ÿ¡‘
¢—Èπµâπ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ ‡∑«¥“√—°…“°’ËÕߧå
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
√’∫µÕ∫ªí≠À“„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ¡’‡«≈“¢Õß™’«‘µ‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬ŸàπâÕ¬«à“ ºŸâ „¥ª√–惵‘µπ∑ÿ»’≈‰√â∏√√¡ ºŸâπ—Èπ‰¡à¡’‡∑«¥“√—°…“ ºŸâ
Õ∏‘…∞“π‰¡à¢Õ°≈—∫¡“‡°‘¥„π‚≈°¡πÿ…¬å “¡“√∂Õ∏‘…∞“π‰¥â·µà „¥ª√–惵‘µπ¡’»’≈¡’∏√√¡ ºŸâπ—Èπ¡’‡∑«¥“√—°…“ ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ
À≈—ß®“°Õ∏‘…∞“π·≈⫵âÕß∑”‡Àµÿ„Àâ∂Ÿ°µ√ß ¥â«¬°“√∑”„®„Àâ
‡ªìπºŸâ¡’∫ÿ≠ (∑“π·≈–»’≈) ∂‘µÕ¬Ÿà„π„®„Àâ ‰¥â∑ÿ°¢≥–µ◊Ëπ ∑”„® æ√–¡À“™π°‚æ∏‘ µ«å ¡’π“ßøÑ“∑’™Õ¡≥’‡¡¶¢≈“ Ò Õߧ姡√—°…“
— Ë ◊Ë ÿâ
„Àâ¡°»≈°√√¡∫∂ Ò* ªØ‘∫µ®µµ¿“«π“¥â«¬°“√∫√‘°√√¡ æÿ∑-
’ÿ — ‘‘ æ√– “√’∫ÿµ√ÕߧåÕ√À—πµå¡’‡∑«¥“ Ò Õߧå§ÿâ¡√—°…“ Õπ“∂
‚∏ Ê Ê æÕßÀπÕ-¬ÿ∫ÀπÕ Ê ÊÀ√◊ÕÕߧå∫√‘°√√¡Õ◊Ëπ Ê „π ∫‘≥±‘°‡»√…∞’‚ ¥“∫—π¡’‡∑«¥“ Ò Õߧå§ÿâ¡√—°…“ æ√–¡À“‚æ∏‘
°√√¡∞“π Ù (¥ŸÀπâ“ Òı˘) ∫√‘°√√¡∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ëπ÷°‰¥â∫√‘°√√¡ —µ«å∑’™◊ËÕ —π¥ÿ ‘µ‡∑æ∫ÿµ√µÕπ®ÿµ‘·≈â«¡“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ‡®â“™“¬ ‘∑∏—µ
∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë«à“ß®“°ß“π¿“¬πÕ° œ≈œ ‡À≈à“π’ȇªìπ‡Àµÿµ√ß ∑’Ë®– ∂–°ÿ¡“√¡’‡∑«¥“ Ù Õߧå (®µÿ‚≈°∫“≈) §ÿâ¡√—°…“
π” Ÿà¿æ¢Õ߇∑«¿Ÿ¡‘„π«—π¢â“ßÀπâ“
°ÿ»≈°√√¡∫∂ Ò* ª√–°“√ §«“¡ª√–惵‘‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬§◊Õ§«“¡ª√–惵‘ ∏√√¡∑“ß°“¬¡’
Û Õ¬à“ß ∑“ß«“®“¡’ Ù Õ¬à“ß ∑“ß„®¡’ Û Õ¬à“ß ≠“µ‘¿“¬πÕ°π—Èπ¥’ ·µà¬—߉¡à¬‘Ëß
Ò.‡«âπ®“°°“√¶à“ —µ«å Ú.‡«âπ®“°°“√≈—°∑√—æ¬å Û.‡«âπ®“°°“√ª√–惵‘º¥„π°“¡
‘
Ù.‡«âπ®“°°“√查‡∑Á® ı.‡«âπ®“°°“√查 àÕ‡ ’¬¥ ˆ.‡«âπ®“°°“√查§”À¬“∫
≠“µ‘¿“¬„ππ—Èπª√–‡ √‘∞‡≈‘»Àπ—°Àπ“
˜.‡«âπ®“°°“√查‡æâÕ‡®âÕ ®ßæ“°—π§∫≠“µ‘∏√√¡æ√âÕ¡π”æ“
¯.‰¡à‚≈¿Õ¬“°‰¥â¢Õ߇¢“ ˘.‰¡à欓∫“∑ªÕß√⓬‡¢“ Ò.‰¡à‡ÀÁπº‘¥®“°§≈Õß∏√√¡ ‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡ ÿ¢π‘√—π¥√
§◊Õ‰¡à§‘¥·¬âß°—∫À≈—°∏√√¡
- 13. 24 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÚÙ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 25
Úı
ÒÛ. ∫ÿ≠πâÕ¬≈ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ÒÙ. §«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°“√Õÿ∑‘» à«π∫ÿ≠„Àâ·°à‡∑«¥“ ¿Ÿµ º’ ªï»“® ·≈–„À⺟⠇¡◊ËÕº¡∑”∫ÿ≠·≈â«∑ÿ°§√—Èߺ¡®–·ºà‡¡µµ“„Àâ°—∫·øπ
Õ◊Ëπ®–∑”„Àâ∫ÿ≠πâÕ¬≈ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‡°à“´÷Ë߬—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ·µà‡∏Õ‰¡à√Ÿâ ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ„π∫ÿ≠π’ȇ∏Õ®–‰¥â∫ÿ≠‰À¡
§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
°“√Õÿ∑‘»À¡“¬∂÷ß∑”‡æ◊ËÕ ≈–„Àâ‚¥¬‡®“–®ß ·ºà à«π
∫ÿ≠„Àâ°∫ºŸµ“¬ œ≈œ °“√Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠„ÀâºÕ𠇙àπ Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠„Àâ‡∑«¥“
— â ‘ Ÿâ ◊Ë ‘ §”µÕ∫
¿Ÿµ º’ ªï»“® ºŸâÕÿ∑‘»„Àâ·≈â«∫ÿ≠¬àÕ¡πâÕ¬≈ß ·µàÕ“π‘ ß å§Õº≈ ◊ ∫ÿ≠ ”‡√Á®¥â«¬°“√∑”‡Àµÿ¥’ ‘∫Õ¬à“ß (∫ÿ≠°‘√‘¬“«—µ∂ÿ
·Àà ß °“√Õÿ ∑‘ » ∫ÿ ≠ ®–‡°‘ ¥ ª√–‚¬™πå ‰ ¥â ¡ “°°«à “ ‡°Á ∫ ∫ÿ ≠ ‰«â °— ∫ Ò*) ·µàÀπ÷Ëß„π°“√∑”§«“¡¥’π—Èπ§◊Õ °“√Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠ ´÷Ëß®– —¡
µπ‡Õ߇撬ߺŸâ‡¥’¬« ∑ÿ°™’«‘µ∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“π—∫¿æ™“µ‘‰¡à∂â«π ¡’∑—Èß∫ÿ≠ ƒ∑∏‘Ϻ≈‰¥âµâÕß¡’∫ÿ≠∑’ËÕÿ∑‘» µâÕß¡’ºŸâÕÿ∑‘» ·≈–µâÕß¡’ºŸâ¡“
·≈–∫“ª∂Ÿ°‡°Á∫ —Ëß ¡‰«â „𮑵«‘≠≠“≥ ∫“ª∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°∂Ÿ°ºŸ° Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“°ºŸâ√—∫‰¡à√Ÿâ«à“¡’ºŸâÕÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠„Àâ ®÷߉¡à ‰¥â¡“
欓∫“∑®Õ߇«√°—∫‡®â“°√√¡π“¬‡«√ ∂⓬—߉¡à ‰¥â√—∫°“√™¥„™â Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠ §«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠¬àÕ¡‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
Àπ’È∫“ª∑’Ë°àÕ‰«â®–‡ªìπ‡Àµÿπ”¡“´÷ËßÕÿª √√§ªí≠À“·≈–§«“¡
∑ÿ°¢å‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫™’«‘µ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’ȺŸâ√Ÿâ®÷ß∑”∫ÿ≠Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ ·≈â«Õÿ∑‘»
∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈„Àâ°—∫ √√æ —µ«å‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡®â“°√√¡π“¬‡«√ ‡æ◊ËÕÀπ’È
‡«√°√√¡®–‰¥â≈¥πâÕ¬≈ß §«“¡ ÿ¢¢Õß™’«‘µ®–‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ
ºŸâ „¥∑”∫“ª‰«â·≈â« ≈–‰¥â¥â«¬°“√∑”¥’ ∫ÿ≠°‘√‘¬“«—µ∂ÿ Ò* À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√°√–∑”∑’ˇªìπ∫àÕ‡°‘¥·Ààß∫ÿ≠∑”‰¥â Ò Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ
ºŸâπ—Èπ¬àÕ¡ àÕß‚≈°π’È „Àâ «à“ß ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√„Àâ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√√—°…“»’≈ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√∑”®‘µµ¿“«π“ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬
°“√ª√–惵‘ÕàÕππâÕ¡ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√¢«π¢«“¬√—∫„™â ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√Õÿ∑‘»§«“¡¥’„À⺟â
‡À¡◊Õπæ√–®—π∑√å∑’Ëæâπ®“°‡¡¶©–π—Èπ Õ◊Ëπ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√¬‘𥒄𧫓¡¥’¢ÕߺŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√øíß∏√√¡ ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√ —Ëß
∏√√¡∫∑ Õπ∏√√¡ ·≈–∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬°“√∑”§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„Àâ∂Ÿ°µ√ß
- 14. 26 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Úˆ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : Ú˜
27
Òı. ‡Àµÿπ” —µ«åπ√°¡“‡°‘¥ Õ“√¬‡¡µ‰µ√¬ ¡’ —µ«åÕ◊ËπÕ’°®”π«π¡“°„°≈â®–À¡¥°“√‡ «¬
∑ÿ°¢«‘∫“°„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡√Õ∑’®–°≈—∫¡“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å„π«—π¢â“ßÀπâ“
‘ Ë
§”∂“¡ ·≈–¥â«¬‡»…°√√¡‰¡à¥’¬—ßÀ≈߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà „𮑵«‘≠≠“≥ ¡πÿ…¬å
µ“¡∑’Ë ‰¥â»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕß¿æ¿Ÿ¡‘¡“∫â“ß ∑√“∫«à“°“√‡°‘¥¡“ ®”π«π¡“°„π«—π¢â“ßÀπâ“®–ª√–惵‘∑ÿ»’≈‰√â∏√√¡¡“°¬‘Ëß°«à“∑’Ë
‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬åπ’È· 𬓰 µâÕß∑”∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈¡“°æÕ ¡§«√ ·µà∑’Ë∑à“π ª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È
Õ“®“√¬å∫Õ°«à“ „πÕ𓧵 —µ«åπ√°®–¡“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å¡“°
‡æ√“–‡Àµÿªí®®—¬Õ–‰√ „π‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“‰¡à ‰¥â∑”∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈∑”§«“¡™—Ë«
∂÷ßµâÕßµ°π√° ·≈⫇æ√“–‡Àµÿ„¥‰¥â∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈®“°µ√߉Àπ®÷߉¥â Òˆ. µ“À“‡√◊ËÕß
¡“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â
§”µÕ∫ §”∂“¡
„π°“√‡°‘¥¢Õß —µ«å·µà≈–¿æ™“µ‘ ¡’∑—Èß∑”°√√¡¥’·≈– ≈Ÿ°‰¡à§àÕ¬»√—∑∏“„π∏√√¡–‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπæ√–ª√–惵‘‰¡à
∑”°√√¡™—Ë« ´÷Ëߺ≈·Ààß∫ÿ≠·≈–∫“ªµà“ß∂Ÿ°‡°Á∫ —Ëß ¡‰«â„π¥«ß ¥’®÷ß√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ◊ËÕ¡„π„® ®–查լà“߉√„Àâ≈Ÿ°√Ÿâ ÷°‡™◊ËÕ„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
®‘µ¥«ß‡¥’¬«°—π °√√¡ª√–‡¿∑„¥„Àâº≈°àÕπ ºŸâ∑”·≈– —Ëß ¡ ∏√√¡ (Õ∏‘∫“¬·¬°§π™—Ë«„πºâ“‡À≈◊Õ߉¡à„™àæ√–·≈â«)
°√√¡µâÕ߇ «¬«‘∫“°¢Õß°√√¡π—Èπ°àÕπ µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ æ√–‡®â“
§”µÕ∫
Õ™“µ»—µ√Ÿ ∑”°√√¡™—Ë«‡π√§ÿ≥∫‘¥“ (æ√–‡®â“æ‘¡æ‘ “√) ¥â«¬
ºŸâ „¥ “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà „π„® §◊Õ‚ª√·°√¡®‘µ
°“√®—∫æàÕ¢—ߧÿ°®πµ“¬ µàÕ¡“ ”π÷°‰¥â®÷߉¥â§‘¥·≈â«∑”°√√¡¥’ µ‘¥≈∫∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ „ÀâÀ¡¥‰ª®“°„®‰¥â ºŸâπ—Èπ®–©≈“¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à‡Õ“¢¬–
¥â « ¬°“√‡ªì π Õߧå Õÿ ª ∂— ¡ ¿å ª∞¡ — ß §“¬π“æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“·≈– ¢Õ߇À¡Áπ¢Õß °ª√° (°‘‡≈ ) ¢ÕߧπÕ◊Ëπ¡“‡°Á∫‰«â°—∫µ—« Õ—π
∑”°√√¡¥’Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ’°¡“°À≈“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕæ√–‡®â“Õ™“µ»—µ√Ÿ «√√§µ ®–π”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡¢Õß™’«‘µ ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâ©≈“¥‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ¿‘ ° …ÿ
Õ°ÿ » ≈°√√¡„Àâ º ≈°à Õ π ·√ߢÕßÕ°ÿ » ≈°√√¡º≈— ° ¥— π ®‘ µ ª√–惵‘µπ‡ªìπºŸâ∑ÿ»’≈‰√â∏√√¡‡¢“®–‡Õ“ ‘Ëß∑’˵“‡ÀÁπÀŸ‰¥â¬‘π¡“
«‘≠≠“≥„Àâ ‰ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å‡ «¬∑ÿ°¢«‘∫“°Õ¬Ÿà„π‚≈À°ÿ¡¿’π√° ‡ªìπ§√Ÿ ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß Õπ„®«à“°“√ª√–惵‘‡™àππ—Èπ‡ªìπ ‘Ë߉¡à¥’
À“°‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°√√¡™—Ë«À¡¥«“√–„Àâº≈ °√√¡¥’∑’Ë∑”®– àߺ≈„Àâ §π™—Ë«™Õ∫ª√–惵‘‡√“®–‰¡à‡ªìπ‡™àπ‡¢“ ·≈⫇√“®–‰¡à‡ ◊ËÕ¡
— µ «å π √°Õ™“µ»— µ √Ÿ ‰¥â ° ≈— ∫ ¡“‡°‘ ¥ ‡ªì π ¡πÿ … ¬å „ πæÿ ∑ ∏— π ¥√ µ“¡‡¢“ ·≈⫧«“¡»√—∑∏“„π ‘Ëߥ’ß“¡§◊Õ»√—∑∏“„π∏√√¡–°Á®–
√–À«à “ß»“ π“¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑∏‚§¥¡ °— ∫»“ π“¢Õßæ√–»√’ ‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà°—∫„®¢Õ߇√“‰¥â
- 15. 28 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ú¯ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : 29
Ú˘
Ò˜. §√ŸÕ¬Ÿà ‰Àπ æ√–æÿ∑∏– §◊ÕµâÕߪؑ∫µ∏√√¡·≈⫇°‘¥ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß («‘ª π“
— ‘ í
°√√¡∞“π) ·≈â«„™âªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß¡“°”®—¥°‘‡≈ ∑’ËπÕπ‡π◊ËÕßÕ¬Ÿà
§”∂“¡ „π¢—π∏å —π¥“π§◊ÕÕπÿ —¬∑—Èß ˜ (Àπâ“ ¯ˆ) À√◊Õ°”®—¥°‘‡≈ ∑’Ë
®”‡ªìπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à∑Ë’µâÕßÀ“§√Ÿ∫“Õ“®“√¬å‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õπ°√√¡ ºŸ°¡—¥„® —µ«å „ÀâµâÕ߇«’¬πµ“¬-‡«’¬π‡°‘¥Õ¬Ÿà„π«—Ø ß “√§◊Õ —ß
∞“π∑’ˇªìπÕ“®“√¬åÀ√◊Õæ√–∑’ˇ°àß´÷Ë߉¡à “¡“√∂®–∑√“∫‰¥â‡≈¬ ‚¬™πå∑—Èß Ò (Àπâ“ ¯˘) „ÀâÀ¡¥‰ª®“°„® ®÷ß®–∂Ÿ°µ√ß·≈–
‡æ√“–¬—߉¡à¡’≠“π ∫“ß∑’µâÕß°“√®–∂“¡ªí≠À“‡¡◊ËÕπ—Ëß°√√¡ ‡ªìπ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡
∞“π·≈â« (ºŸâ∑’Ë®– Õ∫Õ“√¡≥å) ‰¡à∑√“∫«à“®–‰ª∂“¡„§√‰¥â (¬—ß à«π‡√◊ËÕߪؑ∫—µ‘∏√√¡µ“¡∑’Ë™’Èπ”∑“߉«â „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ºŸâ
‰¡à ‰¥â¡Õ“®“√¬å∑ª√÷°…“) ‰¡à·πà„®«à“ºŸ∑¢“懮⓮–∂“¡®–√Ÿâ ‰¥â®√‘ß
’ ’Ë â ’Ë â „¥¡’∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’ —Ëß ¡¡“¡“°æÕ “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘·≈–‡¢â“∂÷ß∏√√¡
·≈â«®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„ÀâÕ“®“√¬å™à«¬Õ∏‘∫“¬·π–π”¥â«¬ ‰¥â¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß·µàÀ“°∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’ —Ëß ¡¡“‰¡à¡“°æÕ ®–∑”„Àâ
ªØ‘∫—µ‘À≈ß∑“ß ‡ ’¬‡«≈“‡π‘Ëππ“π °«à“®–∫√√≈ÿÕ¡ƒµ∏√√¡
§”µÕ∫ ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏– ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßæ√–¡À“ ‘«–ºŸâ√Ÿâ∏√√¡ Õπ
¬ÿ § ¡— ¬ „¥∑’Ë — µ «å ¡ “‰¥â √Ÿ ª π“¡‡ªì π ¡πÿ … ¬å · ≈–¡’ ∫ÿ ≠ »‘…¬å®π∫√√≈ÿÕ√À—µµº≈¡“‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ·µà°«à“µ—«‡Õß®–
∫“√¡’ —Ëß ¡¡“‰¡à¡“°æÕ ¬—ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√„π∑“ß ‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß ∏√√¡‰¥â µâ Õ ßπ”µ— « ‡Õ߇¢â “ ‰ªªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∏ √√¡Õ¬Ÿà „ πªÉ “
∏√√¡¡“‡ªìπ§√Ÿ™’Èπ”∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘∏√√¡„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈â«°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¬“«π“π∂÷ß Û ªï ®÷ß∫√√≈ÿ‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈¢—Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â ·≈–„π
∏√√¡®–‰¡àÀ≈ß∑“ß´÷Ëß®–∑”„Àâ Ÿ≠‡«≈“¢Õß™’«‘µ‰ª‚¥¬‡ª≈à“ ∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ¡À“«“®°Õÿ∫“ °ºŸâ√Ÿâ∏√√¡ π”µ—«‡Õ߉ªªØ‘∫—µ‘
ª√–‚¬™πå ∏√√¡µ“¡≈”æ—߉¡à¡„§√ºŸâ„¥‡ªìπ§√Ÿ™·π– ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡¬“«π“π∂÷ß
’ ’È — ‘
ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡·π«‰Àπ ‰¡à ”§—≠‡∑à“°—∫ ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡·≈â«
— ‘ — ‘ ı ªï ¬—߇¢â“‰¡à∂÷ß∏√√¡¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏– µ“¬·≈⫬—ßµâÕ߉ª‡°‘¥
µâÕ߉¥âº≈‡ªì𧫓¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ ( ¡“∏‘) ¢Õß®‘µ ·≈–µâÕ߉¥âº≈‡ªìπ „À¡à‡ªìπ‡¥√—®©“πÕ’°¥â«¬
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·®âß («‘ªí π“) ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫®‘µ à«π‡√◊ËÕß∑’˺Ÿâ∂“¡ªí≠À“ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡·≈â«®‘µ¬—߉¡à ß∫
¥—ß∑’Ë ‰¥â∫Õ°‡≈à“‰ª µÕπ‡™â“ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡·≈â«®‘µµ—Èß¡—Ëπ ¬—ß‡°‘¥Õ“√¡≥åøÿÑß´à“π µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘„ÀâµàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߬“«π“π ·≈–
∂◊Õ«à“∂Ÿ°µâÕß µÕπ‡¬ÁπªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡„πÕ’°·π«∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß ·≈–„Àâ πÕ°®“°∑’ˇ§¬·π–π”‰«â „π¢âÕ ı¯Ù µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘∂Ÿ°µ√ß ·≈–¬—ß
º≈‡ªì𧫓¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ¢Õß®‘µ ∂◊Õ«à“∂Ÿ°µâÕß ´÷Ëß∑—Èß Õß«‘∏’¢Õß°“√ ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’‡°à“∑’Ë —Ëß ¡¡“·µàÕ¥’µ™“µ‘ ‡ªìπ∞“π√Õß√—∫
ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß ¡∂°√√¡∞“π ¬—ß‰¡à∂Ÿ°µ√ßµ“¡·π«∑“ߢÕß §«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π¡√√§º≈¢Õß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘¥â«¬
- 16. 30 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Û π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : ÛÒ
31
Ò¯. ¬°Àπ’È „À⥒‰À¡ Ò˘. Õÿ∑‘»°ÿ»≈‡«≈“‰Àπ¥’
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
¡’§π¬◊¡‡ß‘π‡√“‰ªπ“πÀ≈“¬ªï·≈â« ¬—߉¡à§◊π‡√“ ‡«≈“ ‡«≈“Õÿ∑‘»°ÿ»≈ «¥¡πµå‡ √Á®·≈â«À√◊Õπ—Ëß ¡“∏‘‡ √Á®
‡√“π÷°Õ¬“°‰¥â§◊π°Á°≈ÿâ¡„® ‡√“§«√®–¬°Àπ’È„À⇢“¥’‰À¡ ·≈– ®÷ßÕÿ∑‘» (Õ—π‰ÀπÕÿ∑‘»°àÕπ)
§«√∫Õ°„À⇢“√Ÿâ ‰À¡«à“‡√“¢Õ¬°Àπ’È„À⇢“
§”µÕ∫
§”µÕ∫ Õÿ∑‘»°ÿ»≈‰¥â∑ÿ°‡«≈“∑’Ë®‘µª√“√∂π“ ·µàÕÿ∑‘»¢≥–®‘µµ—Èß
¬°Àπ’È „À⇢“‰¥â‡ªìπ ‘Ëߥ’ §ÿ≥®–‰¥â ‰¡àµâÕß√–≈÷°∂÷ß„Àâ ¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ∫ÿ≠¡“°°«à“ º≈∫ÿ≠∑’ËÕÿ∑‘»®–∂Ÿ° à߉ª‰¥â ‰°≈°«à“®‘µ∑’Ë¡’
‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ªìπ∑ÿ°¢å¢÷Èπ„π„® ·≈–À“°ª√“√∂π“®– √â“߇¡µµ“ §«“¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘πâÕ¬ À√◊Õ‰¡à¡’§«“¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ ©–π—ÈπµâÕß
∫“√¡’„À⬑Ëߢ÷Èπ §ÿ≥µâÕß„À⇢“√Ÿâ«à“§ÿ≥¬°Àπ’È„À⇢“ ≈Ÿ°Àπ’È∑’ˬ◊¡ ∂“¡µ—«§ÿ≥‡Õß«à“ √–À«à“ß°“√ «¥¡πµå°—∫°“√π—Ëß ¡“∏‘Õ¬à“ß
‡ß‘π¢Õߧÿ≥‰ª®–‰¥â¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈⫇¡µµ“∫“√¡’°Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫ ‰Àπ∑”„À⮑µ¢Õߧÿ≥µ—Èß¡—Ëπ‰¥â¥’°«à“°—π §ÿ≥®– “¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°
µ—«§ÿ≥‡Õß ªØ‘∫—µ‘¥â«¬µ—«‡Õ߉¥â
ºŸâ¡’ªí≠≠“ æ÷ß√—°…“®‘µ∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥â¬“°π—°
≈–‡Õ’¬¥π—° ¡—°µ°‰ª„πÕ“√¡≥å∑’Ëπà“„§√à
‡æ√“–«à“®‘µ∑’˧ÿ⡧√Õߥ’·≈â«
¬àÕ¡π”§«“¡ ÿ¢¡“„Àâ
¢ÿ.∏. Úı/Ò˘ ®ß¡’§«“¡‡æ’¬√‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—πÕ°ÿ»≈‰¡à „À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ
- 17. 32 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÛÚ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˘ : ÛÛ
33
Ú. §«“¡‡°’ˬ«æ—π ÚÚ. “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡‰¥â
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‰¥âÕà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ™’«ª√–«—µ‘¢Õßæ√–·¡à®“¡‡∑«’ Õ¬“° æ«°‡æ»∑’Ë Û ‡√“∑√“∫«à“¡’º≈®“°°√√¡™“µ‘°àÕπ ·µà
∑√“∫«à“Õ“®“√¬å¡§«“¡‡°’¬«æ—πÕ¬à“߉√°—∫æ√–·¡à®“¡‡∑«’À√◊Õ‰¡à
’ Ë ‡¡◊ËÕ¡“™“µ‘π’Èæ√âÕ¡®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡ Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“‡æ»∑’Ë Û π’È®–
“¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â≈”∫“°°«à“À√◊Õ«à“‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“§π‡æ» ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
§”µÕ∫ (À¡“¬∂÷ß®–¡’¡“√¡“°°«à“§π∏√√¡¥“À√◊Õ‰¡à)
∂Ⓣ¡à¡§«“¡‡°’¬«æ—π®–‰¡à ‰¥â∑”ª√–«—µœ „Àâ°∫∑à“π à«π
’ Ë ‘ —
®–‡°’¬«æ—πÕ¬à“߉√µÕ∫‰ª·≈⫉¡à∑”„ÀâºÕ“πæâπ∑ÿ°¢å®ß¢Õ‰¡àµÕ∫
Ë Ÿâ à ÷ §”µÕ∫
“¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡‰¥â·µà®–„À⇢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬
∫ÿ§§≈¬—߉¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷߉¥â ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë°“√™¥„™âÕ°ÿ»≈«‘∫“°
ÚÒ. º≈°√√¡¬—ß¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ¬—߉¡à®∫ ‘Èπ
§”∂“¡
π—Ëß√∂‰ª°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ (‡æ◊ËÕπ‡ªìπ§π¢—∫) ¢≥–°”≈—ß®–‰ª
∑”∫ÿ≠ ÿπ—¢«‘Ëßµ—¥Àπâ“√∂ „π√–¬–°√–™—Èπ™‘¥À≈∫‰¡à ‰¥â®÷ß™π ÚÛ. π’Ë·À≈–¡“√
ÿ π— ¢ µ“¬·≈–√∂‡ ’ ¬ À“¬§à Õ π¢â “ ß¡“° „π«— π π—È π ‰¥â ∂ «“¬
—߶∑“π∑”∫ÿ≠Õÿ∑‘» à«π°ÿ»≈‰ª„Àâ ÿπ—¢π—Èπ·≈â« º≈°√√¡®–¬—ß §”∂“¡
§ß¡’Õ¬ŸàÕ’°À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡«≈“π—Ëß ¡“∏‘®–¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°«à“¡’‡ ’¬ß¡“查∑”≈“¬
¡“∏‘µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ™à«¬À“«‘∏·°â ‰¢„Àâ¥â«¬§√—∫
’
§”µÕ∫
∂â“ ÿπ—¢∑’˵“¬‰ª‰¡à¬°‚∑…„Àâ °“√®Õ߇«√®–¬—ߧߡ’Õ¬Ÿà §”µÕ∫
‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°√√¡„Àâº≈ Õÿª √√§ªí≠À“°Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫§π∑’Ë¢—∫ µâÕß°”Àπ¥«à“ 牥⬑πÀπÕ Ê Êé ‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®π°«à“
√∂¬πµå ‰ª™π‡¢“µ“¬ À“° ÿπ—¢∑’˵“¬‰ª‰¥â√—∫∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈·≈⫇≈‘° ‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë ‰¥â¬‘π®–À“¬‰ª·≈â«¥÷ß®‘µ°≈—∫¡“ Ÿà°“√∫√‘°√√¡‡¥‘¡
®Õ߇«√º≈¢Õß°√√¡®–∂Ÿ°¬°‡≈‘°