1. π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡ ‡≈à¡ ÒÚ
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µÕ∫§”∂“¡‚¥¬ : ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
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®. ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ ‚∑√. Ú-˜Ú˘ˆÚÙ
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(æ√– ÿ∑∏‘∏√√¡√—ß ’§—¡¿’√‡¡∏“®“√¬å) ·¥à
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æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò : ı,ı ‡≈à¡ (°—𬓬π ÚııÒ)
‹ ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
—ææ∑“π—ß ∏—¡¡∑“π—ß ™‘𓵑
°“√„Àâ∏√√¡–‡ªìπ∑“π ¬àÕ¡™π–°“√„Àâ∑—Èߪ«ß
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3. §”π”„π°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå∂«“¬‡ªìπæÿ∑∏∫Ÿ™“ Õπÿ‚¡∑π“°∂“
ªïπ’Èπ—∫‡ªìπªï摇»… ∑’Ë∑“ß™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡ ‰¥â®—¥ ¥â«¬§«“¡‡æ’¬√Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ·≈–¬“«π“π ∑’ˇ∑’¬π
æ‘¡æåÀπ—ß ◊Õ π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡∂÷ß Ù ‡≈à¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§Õ≈—¡πåπ’È ‡≈à¡π’È ‰¥â∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë àÕß «à“ß„Àâ°—∫„®¢Õß¡«≈™π ‰¥â√Ÿâ ‰¥â‡ÀÁ𠉥â
‡ªì π §Õ≈— ¡ πå ¬ Õ¥π‘ ¬ ¡„π‡«Á ∫ ‰´¥å °— ≈ ¬“≥∏√√¡ ¥â « ¬§«“¡ ‡¢â“„® „π —®®∏√√¡¢Õß™’«‘µ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”™’«‘µªí®®ÿ∫—π„Àâæ√âÕ¡‡¥‘π
‡¡µµ“Õ¬à“߉¡à¡’ª√–¡“≥®“°∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√ Õ¬Ÿà„π‡ âπ∑“ß «à“ß ™—¥·®âß ‰¡à –¥ÿ¥≈â¡„ÀâµâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“≈ÿ°¢÷Èπ
·∫∫Õ¬à“ߪŸ™π’¬∫ÿ§§≈ ºŸæ√âÕ¡Õÿ∑»™’«µ °“¬ ®‘µ «‘≠≠“≥ ∂«“¬
â ‘ ‘ ¡“‡¥‘π„À¡à ·≈–¬—߇µ√’¬¡Õ√‘¬∑√—æ¬å ‰«â‡ªìπªí®®—¬‡¥‘π∑“ß Ÿª√¿æ
à
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¢ÕÕ“π‘ ß å·Ààß¡À“∑“π ªí≠≠“∑“π ∑’Ëæ«°‡√“™¡√¡ ¥â«¬Õ“π‘ ß å·Ààß°ÿ»≈∏√√¡ ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ·°à§πÀ¡Ÿà¡“°π’È
°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡√à«¡ √â“ß ∏√√¡π’Ȯߡ“Õ¿‘∫“≈§ÿ⡧√Õß√—°…“ ¢â“懮â“Õâ“߇ՓՓπ‘ ß å·Ààß∑“π ®ß∫—π¥“≈„À⺟â√à«¡°√–∫«π
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À¬—¥‡ªìπµâπ‰¡â„À≠à∑’Ë·¢Áß·°√àß ‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ÷ËߢÕß √√æ —µ«å ∑’˵√ß Õ—π‡ª√’¬∫‡À¡◊Õπ‚§¡ «à“ß àÕß∑“ß„Àâ°—∫™’«‘µ ®ß∑ÿ°∑à“π∑ÿ°§π
∑“ß µ√ß∏√√¡µ≈Õ¥‰ª ‡∑Õ≠. ‡∑Õ≠.
§≥–ºŸ®¥∑”
â— ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
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4. 6ˆ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 7
˜
∏√√¡ “√∫—≠ Àπâ“ Úı. ‡ªî¥‡πÁµøíß∏√√¡ .......................................................................................... Û
Úˆ. ‡ ’¬™’«µ„πÕ«°“» ........................................................................................ ÛÒ
‘
Ò. ¢¬–„π„® ......................................................................................................... ÒÙ Ú˜. ‰¡à¡ª√– ∫°“√≥å ........................................................................................ ÛÒ
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Ú. º‘¥«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå ........................................................................................... Òı Ú¯. ‡∑«¥“‡≈◊Õπ™—π .............................................................................................. ÛÚ
Ë È
Û. √–≈÷°√ŸÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................. Òı
â Ú˘. ‰¡à‡§¬‰¥â¬π .................................................................................................... ÛÚ
‘
Ù. º‘¥∏√√¡‡æ√“–¡’°“√≈ÿπ ............................................................................ Òˆ
â Û. „§√§◊ÕºŸ¡∏√√¡ ............................................................................................ ÛÛ
â ’
ı. º‘¥∑—ß»’≈ º‘¥∑—ß∏√√¡ ............................................................................... Ò˜
È È ÛÒ. Õ“¶“µæ¬“∫“∑ ............................................................................................ ÛÙ
ˆ. ‡≈’¬ßª≈“µŸâ ...................................................................................................... Ò˜
È ÛÚ. »’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬ ................................................................................................. ÛÙ
˜. ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘ ................................................................................. Ò¯ ÛÛ. ‚ ¥“∫—π≈– —ߢ“√ ....................................................................................... Ûı
¯. ‡ß‘π¢Õß„§√ .................................................................................................... Ò¯ ÛÙ. ºŸâ ‰¡à∫™“ªÿ∂™π ............................................................................................... Ûˆ
Ÿ ÿ
˘. ∫«™≈Ÿ°·Ω¥ .................................................................................................... Ò˘ Ûı. §«“¡À¡“¬∑’·µ°µà“ß ................................................................................ Ûˆ
Ë
Ò. ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ ................................................................................................. Ú Ûˆ. ∑” ¡“∏‘¥«¬µ“‡π◊Õ .................................................................................... Û˜
â È
ÒÒ. ¢÷πÕ¬Ÿ°∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ................................................................. ÚÒ
È à — Û˜. ®—∫‰ªª≈àÕ¬πÕ°∫â“π .................................................................................. Û¯
ÒÚ. æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π .................................................................................................. ÚÚ Û¯. „®Õ‘¡¥â«¬∏√√¡ ............................................................................................. Û¯
Ë
ÒÛ. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à ‰¥â ..................................................................................................... ÚÛ Û˘. §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ¡∂– ................................................................................ Û˘
ÒÙ. √Ÿâ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................... ÚÙ Ù. À≈—° Ÿµ√‚ ¥“∫—π ......................................................................................... Ù
Òı. √Ÿ¥«¬µ—«‡Õß ................................................................................................... ÚÙ
â â ÙÒ. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» ................................................................ ÙÒ
Òˆ. ∑‘ææ®—°¢ÿæ ®πå ‰¥â ........................................................................................ Úı
‘ Ÿ ÙÚ. ª√–惵‘∏√√¡ ¡§«√·°à∏√√¡ .............................................................. ÙÒ
Ò˜. ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ‰¥â ...................................................................................................... Úı ÙÛ. „™â«∏Õπ‡≈‘»‚¥¬‰¡àÀ«—ߺ≈‡≈‘» ................................................................ ÙÚ
‘’ —
Ò¯. ®”‡ªìπ‰À¡ ....................................................................................................... Úˆ ÙÙ. ™Õ∫·∫∫‰Àπ ................................................................................................. ÙÛ
Ò˘. √Ÿ«“‰¡à¥·≈⫬—ß∑” ........................................................................................ Ú˜
âà ’ Ùı. ¥Ÿ√ªπ“¡°àÕπ ................................................................................................. ÙÛ
Ÿ
Ú. «‘∏„¥∂Ÿ°µâÕß .................................................................................................. Ú˜
’ Ùˆ. ™’«µ·≈–°“√∑”ß“π∑’¥’ .............................................................................. ÙÙ
‘ Ë
ÚÒ. §πÕ¬“°√Ÿâ ....................................................................................................... Ú¯ Ù˜. ‰À«â‡®â“ - ‰¡à ‰À«â‡®â“ .................................................................................. Ùı
ÚÚ. ¬—߉¡à‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡ .............................................................................................. Ú¯ Ù¯. »’≈Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«‰¥â ‰À¡ .................................................................................. Ùˆ
ÚÛ. ∑”„®„ÀâºÕß„ ............................................................................................... Ú˘
à Ù˘. ¢÷πÕ¬Ÿ°∫∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’ ....................................................................................... Ù˜
È à —
ÚÙ. ‰¡àª≈àÕ¬‡«≈“„À⇪≈à“ª√–‚¬™πå .............................................................. Û ı. À¡¥°‘‡≈ ¥â«¬ªí≠≠“‚≈°ÿµµ√– ............................................................. Ù¯

5. 8 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
¯ ˘
π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 9
ıÒ. ºŸâ‰¡à∂Õ¬À≈—ß ................................................................................................. Ù¯ ˜˜. πÕπÀ≈—∫ßà“¬ ................................................................................................. ˆÙ
ıÚ. ªí®®—¬ —ªª“¬– .............................................................................................. Ù˘ ˜¯. √Ÿâ ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................... ˆı
ıÛ. ®–≈“ÕÕ°®“°ß“πÀ¡¥·≈â« ..................................................................... ı ˜˘. ªØ‘∫µÕ¬à“߉√ ............................................................................................... ˆˆ
— ‘
ıÙ. Õ√‘¬¡√√§ - Õ√‘¬º≈ ................................................................................. ıÒ ¯. §‘¥Õ¬à“߉√ ...................................................................................................... ˆ˜
ıı. Õ√‘¬º≈‰¡à‡ ◊Õ¡ ............................................................................................. ıÒ
Ë ¯Ò. ¡’∫“ª‰À¡ ........................................................................................................ ˆ˜
ıˆ. ®‘µ·µ° ............................................................................................................. ıÚ ¯Ú. ¡“∏‘≈¡µ“ ..................................................................................................... ˆ¯
◊
ı˜. ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„Àâ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ..................................................................................... ıÚ ¯Û. ‰¡à‡√’¬°«à“À≈—∫ .............................................................................................. ˆ¯
ı¯. ¬—ßÕπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠‰¥â ...................................................................................... ıÛ ¯Ù. æ√–‡®â“Õ‚»°¡À“√“™ ................................................................................ ˆ˘
ı˘. „™â ¡Õߧ‘¥À√◊Õ‡ª≈à“ ................................................................................. ıÙ ¯ı. »’≈∑’Ë ‰¡à¡°‡≈ ªπ‡ªóÕπ .............................................................................. ˆ˘
’ ‘ ô
ˆ. π“¡‰¡à‡§¬¥—∫ ................................................................................................ ıÙ ¯ˆ. ∑”·∑π°—π‰¡à ‰¥â ............................................................................................. ˜
ˆÒ. ºŸ∫√√≈ÿ∏√√¡ Ÿß ÿ¥ ...................................................................................... ıı
â ¯˜. ÀŸ∑æ¬å - µ“∑‘æ¬å ......................................................................................... ˜Ò
‘
ˆÚ. ‡À¡◊Õπ°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à .......................................................................................... ıı ¯¯. ‰¡à≈Õ߉¡à√Ÿâ ....................................................................................................... ˜Ú
ˆÛ. ª√–∑ÿ…√⓬°—π ............................................................................................... ıˆ ¯˘. ·¡à¬“π“ß ........................................................................................................ ˜Û
à
ˆÙ. §ÿ≥∏√√¡æ“√«¬ ........................................................................................... ıˆ ˘. ®‘µ ÿ¥∑⓬ ....................................................................................................... ˜Û
ˆı. ‡ªìπ§π≈–Õ¬à“ß°—π ...................................................................................... ı˜ ˘Ò. ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß√Õ ........................................................................................... ˜Ù
ˆˆ. «“ßÕÿ‡∫°¢“„À⻵√Ÿ ...................................................................................... ı˜
— ˘Ú. —ß‚¬™πå Û ..................................................................................................... ˜Ù
ˆ˜. ¡À“∑“π ........................................................................................................... ı¯ ˘Û. ∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’∂ßæ√âÕ¡ ...................................................................................... ˜ı
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ˆ¯. ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π·µà¬“«π“π‰¡à‡∑à“°—π .............................................................. ı¯ ˘Ù. ∫ÿ≠‡°à“¬—߉¡àæ√âÕ¡„Àâº≈ ........................................................................... ˜ı
ˆ˘. ®√‘µ·∫∫‰Àπ .................................................................................................. ı˘ ˘ı. Õ𓧵—ß ≠“≥°≈â“·¢Áß ........................................................................... ˜ˆ
˜. ‡°Á∫‡ß‘π∑’µ°À≈àπ‰¥â ..................................................................................... ˆ
Ë ˘ˆ. °√√¡∞“π™à«¬‰¥â ........................................................................................... ˜˜
˜Ò. πÈ”™“≈âπ∂⫬ .................................................................................................. ˆ ˘˜. ¡’∫≠·≈⫇≈◊Õ°‰¥â ......................................................................................... ˜˜
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˜Ú. ‡æ’¬ßæÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ............................................................................................. ˆÒ ˘¯. §«“¡À≈ߢÕ߇∑«¥“ .................................................................................. ˜¯
˜Û. «¥¡πµå‡æ◊ÕÕ–‰√ ....................................................................................... ˆÚ
Ë ˘˘. ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å‡¥√—®©“π ................................................................................ ˜˘
˜Ù. Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠À√◊Õ·∫àß∫ÿ≠ .................................................................................. ˆÛ
‘ Ò. √–≈÷°‰¥â∂ß®‘µ„µâ ”π÷° ............................................................................... ¯
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˜ı. µ“¬¥â«¬‚√§√⓬ ........................................................................................... ˆÛ ÒÒ. —≠≠“‡°à“ àߺ≈ ........................................................................................... ¯Ò
˜ˆ. ¡’»≈À√◊Õ‰¡à ..................................................................................................... ˆÙ
’ ÒÚ. ªí®®—¬‡À¡“– ¡°«à“ ..................................................................................... ¯Ú

6. Ò
10 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 11
ÒÒ
ÒÛ. ‡°‘¥¡“‡æ◊Õ √â“ß∫“√¡’ ................................................................................ ¯Û
Ë ÒÚ˘. ‰¥â∫≠¡“°°«à“ .............................................................................................. ÒÚ
ÿ
ÒÙ. ‡«∑π“„π‡«∑π“ ............................................................................................. ¯Ù ÒÛ. Õß«—π¥’ - Õß«—π‰¡à¥’ ............................................................................ ÒÚÒ
Òı. ª≈àÕ¬«“ßÀ√◊Õ≈–‡≈¬ ................................................................................. ¯ı ÒÛÒ. °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–°Æ·Ààß°√√¡ ........................................................... ÒÚÚ
Òˆ. ¬“°∑’ ¥ - ßà“¬∑’ ¥ ................................................................................. ¯ˆ
Ë ÿ Ë ÿ ÒÛÚ. ‡≈’ȬßÀ¡“ - ‡≈’Ȭ߷¡« ........................................................................... ÒÚÙ
Ò˜. ‰ª∑“߉Àπ ....................................................................................................... ¯˜ ÒÛÛ. ®–ªîߢ÷π¡“‡Õß ............................................................................................. ÒÚı
ö È
Ò¯. ‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ°µ“¡∏√√¡ .......................................................................................... ¯¯ ÒÛÙ. √–≈÷°‰¥â - √–≈÷°‰¡à ‰¥â ............................................................................ ÒÚˆ
Ò˘. ‡À¡◊Õπ‰√⵫µπ ............................................................................................. ¯˘
— ÒÛı. ™’∑“ß„Àâ‡≈◊Õ° ................................................................................................ ÒÚ˜
È
ÒÒ. ‚¿§∑√—æ¬åæ∫µ‘ .............................................................................................. ˘
‘ — ÒÛˆ. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à ‰¥â ..................................................................................................... ÒÚ˘
ÒÒÒ. ‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π√ÿ°¢‡∑«¥“ ................................................................................ ˘Ò ÒÛ˜. ‡≈◊Õ°¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß ........................................................................................... ÒÛÚ
ÒÒÚ. §”欓°√≥å¢ÕßÀ¡Õ¥Ÿ .............................................................................. ˘Ú ÒÛ¯. «—ππ’°∫‡¡◊Õ«“π ............................................................................................. ÒÛı
È — Ë
ÒÒÛ. ‚ª√·°√¡®‘µ ................................................................................................... ˘Ù ÒÛ˘. „Àâ ß„¥¬àÕ¡‰¥â ßπ—π .................................................................................. ÒÛı
‘Ë ‘Ë È
ÒÒÙ. ¢Õ§”™’·π–∑’∂°µâÕß .................................................................................. ˘ˆ
È Ë Ÿ ÒÙ. ∫—≠™’‡∑Á® .......................................................................................................... ÒÛ˜
ÒÒı. √Ÿªß“¡„π∑“ß∏√√¡ ..................................................................................... ˘¯ ÒÙÒ. ‡ÀÁπµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ............................................................................................. ÒÛ¯
ÒÒˆ. ‰¡à¬Õ¡∑“π¢â“« ............................................................................................. ÒÒ ÒÙÚ. Õ—µ‚π¡—µ·≈–·π∫‡π’¬π ........................................................................... ÒÙ
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ÒÒ˜. ¡“√∑’‡ªìπ‡∑«¥“ ........................................................................................... ÒÛ
Ë ÒÙÛ. ‰¡à„™à·¡à ............................................................................................................ ÒÙÒ
ÒÒ¯. ‰¡àº¥‡®µπ“√¡≥å ......................................................................................... ÒÙ
‘ ÒÙÙ. ‡À¡◊Õπ„𧫓¡‡ªìπ “°≈ ...................................................................... ÒÙÙ
ÒÒ˘. øÿß®π≈◊¡ª«¥ ................................................................................................. Òı
Ñ ÒÙı. ÀπŸ¢Õ‡≈à“‡√◊Õß .............................................................................................. ÒÙˆ
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ÒÚ. ∫ÿ≠„À≠à - ∫“ª‡≈Á° .................................................................................. Ò˜ ÒÙˆ. »—°¥‘ ∑∏‘°«à“«—µ∂ÿ .................................................................................. ÒÙ˜
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ÒÚÚ. ª√–®—°…å·®âߥ⫬µπ‡Õß .......................................................................... ÒÒ ÒÙ¯. ‡¢â“„®º‘¥‡¢â“„®„À¡à„Àâ∂°‰¥â ..................................................................... Òı
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ÒÚÛ. §«“¡‡ÀÁπ‰¡àµ√ß°—π .................................................................................... ÒÒÚ ÒÙ˘. „™â ‰¥â°∫∑ÿ°Õ‘√¬“∫∂ .................................................................................. ÒıÚ
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ÒÚÙ. ¡‘„™à°®¢Õß ß¶å ............................................................................................. ÒÒÛ
‘ Òı. ÀπŸ¡ª≠À“∑’§¥‰¡àµ° ................................................................................ ÒıÛ
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ÒÚı. ∑”º‘¥∑”„À¡à„Àâ∂°‰¥â .................................................................................. ÒÒÙ
Ÿ ÒıÒ. Àà«ß≈Ÿ° - Àà«ßÀ≈“π ................................................................................. ÒıÙ
ÒÚˆ. Õ“π‘ ß å¢Õß∑“π ......................................................................................... ÒÒˆ ÒıÚ. ∫√‘…∑¢“¬¬“°—∫À¡Õ ................................................................................. Òıˆ
—
ÒÚ˜. ÀπŸ‡≈¬‡√‘¡ —∫ π .......................................................................................... ÒÒ¯
Ë ÒıÛ. ¥‘©π¡’§«“¡»√—∑∏“ .................................................................................... Òı¯
—
ÒÚ¯. ‡Àµÿ„¥ - ∑”‰¡ ............................................................................................. ÒÒ˘ ÒıÙ. ™’«µ∑’Ë ‰√â√–‡∫’¬∫ ........................................................................................... Òı˘
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7. ÒÚ
12 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : ÒÛ
13
Òıı. ªí≠À“∑’‡°Á∫°¥ .............................................................................................. Òˆ
Ë ªí®©‘¡‚Õ«“∑ π¢ ‘¢ Ÿµ√ (§«“¡‰¡àª√–¡“∑)
Òıˆ. ∑—»π§µ‘º¥∑“ß ............................................................................................. ÒˆÚ
‘
Òı˜. πÕπ‡ªìπ‡√◊Õß„À≠à ....................................................................................... ÒˆÙ
Ë
Òı¯. çÕ’∫“ ∑’À≈—ßÕ¬à“¥◊Õ°—∫ “¡’é .................................................................. Òˆˆ
â È
[ˆˆÛ] æ√–ºŸâ¡’æ√–¿“§ª√–∑—∫Õ¬Ÿà ≥ æ√–‡™µ«—π
Òı˘. ¬â“¬∞“π‡®¥’¬å ................................................................................................ Òˆ¯ Õ“√“¡¢Õß∑à“πÕπ“∂∫‘≥±‘°‡»√…∞’ ‡¢µæ√–π§√ “«—µ∂’ ...
Òˆ. ‡ª≈’¬π‰ª - ‡ª≈’¬π¡“ ............................................................................. Ò˜Ò
Ë Ë §√—Èßπ—Èπ·≈ æ√–ºŸâ¡’æ√–¿“§∑√ß™âÕπΩÿÉπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬‰«â∑’˪≈“¬æ√–π¢“
ÒˆÒ. ºŸ°‡«√ - µ—¥‡«√ .......................................................................................... Ò˜Ú ·≈⫵√— ∂“¡¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬«à“ ¥Ÿ°√¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ‡∏Õ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬®– ”§—≠
ÒˆÚ. „Àâ‡Õ“‡¥Á°ÕÕ° .............................................................................................. Ò˜Ù §«“¡¢âÕπ—Èπ‡ªìπ‰©π ΩÿÉπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬∑’ˇ√“™âÕπ¢÷Èπ‰«â∑’˪≈“¬‡≈Á∫π’È°—∫¡À“ª∞æ’π’È
ÒˆÛ. ‰¡àº¥§”Õ∏‘…∞“π ................................................................................. Ò˜ˆ
‘ Õ¬à“߉Àπ¡“°°«à“°—πœ ¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬°√“∫∑Ÿ≈«à“ ¢â“·µàæ√–Õߧ废⇮√‘≠
ÒˆÙ. ¬—߉¡à‡∫◊Õ‚≈° ................................................................................................. Ò˜˜
Ë ¡À“ª∞æ’π—Ëπ·À≈–¡“°°«à“ ΩÿÉπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬∑’Ëæ√–ºŸâ¡’æ√–¿“§∑√ß™âÕπ¢÷Èπ‰«â
Òˆı. Õ“™’æ∑’ «π∑“ß°—∫∏√√¡ ......................................................................... Ò¯
Ë
Òˆˆ. §ÿ≥·¡àΩ“°∂“¡ ............................................................................................ Ò¯Ú
∑’˪≈“¬æ√–π¢“π’È¡’ª√–¡“≥πâÕ¬¬àÕ¡‰¡à∂÷ß·¡â´÷Ëß°“√π—∫
Òˆ˜. ‰¡à·π–π”„ÀâÕ∏‘…∞“π‡™àππ—π .................................................................. Ò¯Ù
È ¬àÕ¡‰¡à∂÷ß·¡â´÷Ëß°“√‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß ¬àÕ¡‰¡à∂÷ß·¡â´÷Ëß à«π·Àà߇ ’Ȭ«
Òˆ¯. °“√°√–∑”∑’‡ªìπ∫ÿ≠ .................................................................................. Ò¯ı
Ë ‡æ√“–‡∑’¬∫¡À“ª∞æ’‡¢â“·≈â« ΩÿÉπ∑’Ëæ√–ºŸâ¡’æ√–¿“§∑√ß™âÕπ¢÷Èπ‰«â
Òˆ˘. ‡æ»π—°∫«™ ..................................................................................................... Ò¯ˆ ∑’˪≈“¬æ√–π¢“¡’ª√–¡“≥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ œ
Ò˜. ¡’∫ÿ≠µà“ß®“°¡’‡¡µµ“ ........................................................................... Ò¯˜
[ˆˆÙ] ¥Ÿ°√¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ —µ«å°≈—∫¡“‡°‘¥„πÀ¡Ÿà¡πÿ…¬å¡’ª√–¡“≥πâÕ¬
Ò˜Ò. “∏ÿ..... µ“‡√‘¡ «à“ß .................................................................................... Ò¯¯
Ë
Ò˜Ú. ‡√◊Õ߬“«µ–‡À≈π‡ªÜπ ............................................................................... Ò¯˘
Ë —µ«å‰ª‡°‘¥„𰔇π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ*®“°¡πÿ…¬å¡’¡“°°«à“¡“°∑’‡¥’¬« ©—ππ—Èπ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π
Ò˜Û. ‡¡◊Õ®‘µ§‘¥øÿß´à“π ........................................................................................ Ò˘¯
Ë Ñ ‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ¥—ßπ’Èπ—Èπ ‡∏Õ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬æ÷ß»÷°…“Õ¬à“ßπ’È«à“ ‡√“®—°‡ªìπºŸâ‰¡àª√–¡“∑
Ò˜Ù. ∫“¬„®‰¥â ....................................................................................................... Ò˘˘ ¥Ÿ°√¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ‡∏Õ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬æ÷ß»÷°…“Õ¬à“ßπ’È·À≈– œ
Ò˜ı. ºŸ¡∏√√¡–§ÿ¡§√Õß„® ................................................................................ Ú
â ’ â „ππ¢ ‘¢ Ÿµ√∑’Ë Ú ¡’«‘π‘©—¬¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È.
Ò˜ˆ. ¡’§√ŸÕ¬Ÿà„°≈â ................................................................................................. ÚÒ ∫∑«à“ ¡πÿ ⁄‡ ÿ ª®⁄®“™“¬π⁄µ‘ ¡’Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ ‡À≈à“™π∑’Ë®ÿµ‘®“°¡πÿ…¬‚≈°·≈⫇°‘¥„π¡πÿ…¬‚≈°
Ò˜˜. √à«¡°√–∫«π°√√¡ ................................................................................ ÚÚ π—Èπ·≈ ¡’ª√–¡“≥πâÕ¬. ∫∑«à“ Õê⁄≠µ⁄√ ¡πÿ ⁄‡ À‘ §«“¡«à“ ‡À≈à“™π∑’Ë®ÿµ‘®“°¡πÿ…¬‚≈°·≈â«
Ò˜¯. ‡ÀÁπ®√‘ß·µà ß∑’∂°‡ÀÁπ‰¡à®√‘ß ............................................................... ÚÙ
‘Ë Ë Ÿ ‰¡à‡°‘¥„π¡πÿ…¬‚≈° ‰ª‡°‘¥‡©æ“–„πÕ∫“¬ Ù ¡’¡“°°«à“ ‡À¡◊ÕπΩÿπ„π¡À“ª∞æ’. °Á„πæ√– Ÿµ√π’È
É
∑à“π√«¡‡∑«¥“°—∫¡πÿ…¬å∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ æ÷ß∑√“∫«à“ ºŸâ‡°‘¥„π‡∑«‚≈°¡’
Ò˜˘. ∫ÿ≠µ“¡¡“∑—π ................................................................................................ Úˆ ª√–¡“≥πâÕ¬ ‡À¡◊ÕπºŸâ∑’ˇ°‘¥„π¡πÿ…¬‚≈°©–π—Èπ. (®∫Õ√√∂°∂“π¢ ‘¢ Ÿµ√∑’Ë Ú)
Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ° ‡≈à¡ ¯ —߬ÿµµπ‘°“¬ π‘∑“π«√√§ - ‚Õªí¡¡ —߬ÿµµå - Ú. π¢ ‘¢ Ÿµ√

8. ÒÙ
14 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Òı
15
Ò. ¢¬–„π„® Ú. º‘¥«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‡«≈“®‘µ ß∫¡—°¡’§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë ‰¡àæߪ√“√∂π“ ‡™àπÕ°ÿ»≈
÷ „ à∫“µ√æ√– „ à´Õßªí®®—¬¥â«¬ æ√–∑’Ë√—∫®–º‘¥À√◊Õ‰¡à
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ §«√‡¢’¬π∑’ËÀπâ“´Õß«à“∑”∫ÿ≠Õ–‰√¥’
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
∫“µ√‡ªìπ¿“™π–¢Õßπ—°∫«™„™â ”À√—∫√Õß√—∫Õ“À“√
À“°®‘µ ß∫µ—ß¡—πª√–‡¥’¬«ª√–¥ã“« (¢≥‘° ¡“∏‘) ·≈â«
È Ë Î
∫√‘‚¿§ °“√π”ªí®®—¬„ à´Õß·≈â«„ à≈ß„π∫“µ√ ®÷߇ªìπ°“√
§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë ‰¡àæߪ√“√∂𓇰‘¥¢÷π µâÕß°”Àπ¥«à“ 科¥ÀπÕ ÊÊÊé
÷ È °√–∑”∑’Ë ‰¡à ¡§«√ ¿‘°…ÿ„¥ª√–惵‘‰¡à‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡‡®µπ“√¡≥å
‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®π°«à“§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë ‰¡àæ÷ߪ√“√∂π“®–À¬ÿ¥‰ª µ√ß ¢ÕߺŸâ∫—≠≠—µ‘ ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ∫“ª ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’ȶ√“«“ §«√π”‡ß‘π„ à
¢â“¡À“°®‘µ ß∫∂÷ߢ—Èπ®«π·πà«·πà (Õÿª®“√ ¡“∏‘) ·≈⫧«“¡ ´Õß∂«“¬∑’ËÕ“«“ ¢Õß ß¶å®–∂Ÿ°µâÕß°«à“
§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ‰¡àæ÷ߪ√“√∂π“‰¥â‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ „Àâ „™â®‘µµ“¡¥Ÿ§«“¡§‘¥ «à“
¥”‡π‘π‰ª¿“¬„µâ°Æ‰µ√≈—°…≥å „π∑’Ë ÿ¥§«“¡§‘¥¥—∫‰ª (Õπ—µµ“)
‰¡àÀ«π°≈—∫¡“‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥âÕ’° ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß„π§«“¡§‘¥®–‡°‘¥
¢÷Èπ·∑π∑’Ë Û. √–≈÷°√ŸâÕ¬à“߉√
§”∂“¡
√–≈÷°√ŸâÕ¬à“߉√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⮑µ‡°‘¥ ß∫‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥
æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ 𓇪ìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕߧ«“¡®√‘ß
∂â“„§√‰¡à®√‘ßµàÕæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ §”µÕ∫
æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“°Á¬àÕ¡‰¡à‡®√‘≠°—∫ºŸâπÈπ
— √–≈÷°‚¥¬„™â°√√¡∞“π Ù ‡≈◊Õ°°√√¡∞“π∑’ˇÀ¡“–°—∫
®√‘µ¢Õßµπ¡“‡ªìπÕߧå∫√‘°√√¡

9. 16 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Òˆ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Ò˜
17
Ù. º‘¥∏√√¡‡æ√“–¡’°“√≈ÿâπ ı. º‘¥∑—Èß»’≈ º‘¥∑—Èß∏√√¡
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°“√´◊ÈÕ ≈“°ÕÕ¡ ‘π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ÕÕ¡‡ß‘π ·µà¡°“√≈ÿâπ
’ °“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕß ·°π¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ ·°π‡√◊ËÕß à«πµ—«
√“ß«—≈∑ÿ°‡¥◊Õπ ∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥»’≈¢âÕ ı ·≈–º‘¥∏√√¡À√◊Õ‰¡à („∫∫Õ°∫ÿ≠) ‚¥¬ ·°π¡“‡ªìπ‰ø≈å„π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥
»’≈¢âÕ Ú ·≈–∏√√¡„™àÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
°“√´◊ÈÕ ≈“°ÕÕ¡ ‘π ‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥»’≈À“°¡’‡®µπ“‡æ◊ËÕ ‡ªìπ°“√ª√–惵‘º‘¥»’≈¢âÕ Ú ·≈–º‘¥∏√√¡∑’Ë ‰ª‡√’ˬ‰√
°“√ÕÕ¡‡ß‘π à«π®–º‘¥∏√√¡À√◊Õ‰¡à¢È÷πÕ¬Ÿà°—∫®‘µ¢ÕߺŸâ´◊ÈÕÀ“° §πÕ◊Ëπ„Àâ∫√‘®“§∑√—æ¬å∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬§«“¡‰¡à ∫“¬„®À√◊Õ®”‡ªìπ
¡’®‘µ®¥®àÕÀ«—ß∂Ÿ°√“ß«—≈∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥∏√√¡„π¢âÕ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡’ ‘Ë߇»√â“ µâÕß∑”
À¡Õ߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫®‘µ §◊Õ∂Ÿ°√“ß«—≈¥’„® ‰¡à∂Ÿ°√“ß«—≈‡ ’¬„®
ˆ. ‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“µŸâ
§”∂“¡
‡≈’¬ßª≈“‡æ◊Õ∏ÿ√°‘® ‡≈’¬ß‡æ◊Õ¥Ÿ‡≈àπ «¬ß“¡ ∑—ß Ú ª√–
È Ë È Ë È
°“√¢âÕ„¥º‘¥»’≈¡“°°«à“°—π
‚≈°’¬∑√—æ¬å ‡ªìπ¢Õß∑’ˇ√“®–𔵑¥µ—«‰ª‚≈°ÀπⓉ¡à‰¥â §”µÕ∫
®÷ßµâÕß·ª√‚≈°’¬∑√—æ¬å „À⇪ìπ Õ√‘¬∑√—æ¬å ‡ ’¬°àÕπ ®–º‘¥»’≈À√◊Õ‰¡à¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ «‘∏’°“√‡≈’È¬ß«à“¡’º≈∑”„Àâ
®÷ß®–𔵑¥µ—«‰ª‚≈°ÀπⓉ¥â ‡°‘¥°“√‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬πª≈“À√◊Õ‰¡à À“°‰¡à‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π·≈–ª≈“‰¡à
®Õ߇«√‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥»’≈ ∂⓵√ߢⓡ∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥»’≈ ≈Õß∂“¡ª≈“¥Ÿ ‘

10. 18 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ò¯ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Ò˘
19
˜. ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘ §”µÕ∫
À“°‡ªìπ‡ß‘π∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ∂«“¬‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√„™â®à“¬ à«πµ—«
§”∂“¡ ¢Õßæ√– ß¶å ·≈â«π”‰ª®ÿπ‡®◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—«‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ∫“ª ·µà
¢Õ∑√“∫«à “ À“° π„®®–∑”∫ÿ ≠ ‚√ß∑“π„Àâ · °à æ √–∑’Ë À“°∂«“¬‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ë𠇙àπ √â“ß‚∫ ∂å √â“ß»“≈“ ‡ªìπ
ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘®–∑”‰¥â∑’Ë ‰Àπ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‰À√à §à“πÈ” §à“‰ø œ≈œ À“° ߶åπ”‡ß‘πª√–‡¿∑π’È¡“®ÿπ‡®◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—«
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ∫“ª ‡ªìπ°“√ √â“߇Àµÿ𔇰‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘
§”µÕ∫ à«π∫ÿµ√ºŸâ√—∫‡ß‘π∂◊Õ«à“ ‡ªìπºŸâ√à«¡°√–∫«πÕ°ÿ»≈°√√¡‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ
‡∑à“∑’˺ŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“∑√“∫ æ√– ߶å∑’ˇ¢â“-ÕÕ°π‘‚√∏ ¡“
∫—µ‡ªìπª√–®”„π™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å¢Õß∑ÿ°ªï ¡’∑«¥»√’¥Õπ¡Ÿ≈
‘ ’Ë — 𔇰‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘‡™àπ°—π
Õ. “√¿’ ®.‡™’¬ß„À¡à
˘. ∫«™≈Ÿ°·Ω¥
¯. ‡ß‘π¢Õß„§√
§”∂“¡
§”∂“¡ ∂â“¡’≈Ÿ°™“¬·Ω¥·≈â«∫«™æ√âÕ¡°—π ®–∑”„ÀâæàÕ·¡à¡Õ—π
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À≈—ß®“°∫«™°Áπ”‡ß‘π¡“®ÿπ‡®◊Õ∫ÿµ√-∏‘¥“ Õ¬à“ßπ’È∂◊Õ«à“∫“ª
À√◊Õ‰¡à·≈–‡ªìπ∫“ª„π√–¥—∫‰Àπ ®–‰¥â√∫º≈°√√¡Õ¬à“߉√ √«¡
— §”µÕ∫
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µ“¬¢ÕßæàÕ·¡à°àÕπ«—¬Õ—π§«√ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕßÕ°ÿ»≈°√√¡∑’ËæàÕ
§π∑’Ë¡’»’≈ ¡’∑“π ·µà‰¡à¡’¿“«π“ °Á‡∑à“°—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“‡æ’¬ß§√÷Ë߇¥’¬« ·¡à‡§¬∑”‰«â

11. 20 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ú π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : ÚÒ
21
Ò. ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ ÒÒ. ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°“√‡≈à π Àÿâ π ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π Õ∫“¬¡ÿ ¢ À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ·µà ∂â “ µâ Õ ß ¥‘©—π‰¥â ¡√ ·≈–¬â“¬‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π∫â“π “¡’ ´÷Ëß„π∫â“π
∑”ß“π∑’‡°’¬«°—∫Àÿ𠇙àπ π—°«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ𠧫√µâÕߪؑ∫µÕ¬à“߉√
Ë Ë â ÿâ — ‘ ¡’»“≈æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà°àÕπ∑’Ë¥‘©—π¬â“¬‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà ·µàµÕππ’È ¿“æ
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§”µÕ∫ ®–µâÕß∑”„À⻓≈æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘µË”¡“° „®¢Õߥ‘©—π‰¡àÕ¬“°®–µ—Èß
°“√‡≈àπÀÿâπ„π∑“ß‚≈°‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπÕ∫“¬¡ÿ¢ ∂◊Õ«à“ »“≈„À¡à ·µà ‰¡à√Ÿâ®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘Õ¬à“߉√∂÷ß®–‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫™“«
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Ë — ‘ Ë Ï‘ Ë
¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπµâÕߢâÕ߇°’¬«Õ¬Ÿ°∫°‘®°“√´◊ÕÀÿπ ¢“¬Àÿπ «‘‡§√“–Àå
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Àÿâπœ≈œ „π∑“ß‚≈°∂◊Õ«à“∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·µà„π∑“ß∏√√¡∂◊Õ«à“º‘¥‰ª
®“°∏√√¡ À“°ª√– ߧåπ”æ“™’«‘µ„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà°—∫‚≈°‚¥¬¡’∑ÿ°¢å‡∑à“∑’Ë §”µÕ∫
®”‡ªìπ(‡≈‘°‰¡à ‰¥â) µâÕß∑”∫ÿ≠„À≠à Ê Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ ·≈â«Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠ æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘‡®â“∑’ˇªìπ‡∑«¥“∑’Ë¡’¿æÕ¬Ÿà Ÿß°«à“¿æ¡πÿ…¬åÀ“°
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∑’Ë∫â“π¡’»“≈æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà°àÕπ·≈â« §«√µ—Èß„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà „ π∑”‡≈∑’Ë
µ√ß°— π¢â “¡À“°ª√– ߧå π”æ“™’ «‘ µæâ π‰ª®“°§«“¡
∑ÿ°¢å∑—Èß¡«≈ µâÕ߇≈‘°‡¢â“‰ª¬ÿà߇°’ˬ«°—∫°‘®°“√¥—ß°≈à“«‚¥¬ ‘Èπ ‡À¡“–·°à°“√Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õ߇∑«¥“ ·≈â«°“√®Õ߇«√®–‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
‡™‘ß ·≈â«π”µ—«‡Õ߇¢â“ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡‚Õ°“ æâπ‰ª®“°§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ®–Õ¬Ÿà°—πÕ¬à“ߪ°µ‘ ÿ¢
®÷ß®–‡°‘¥¢÷π‰¥â
È ºŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“§‘¥ª√—∫ª√ÿß∫â“π ·≈–‰¡àª√– ߧå √â“ß
»“≈„À¡à À“°¡πÿ…¬åæ—≤π“®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥„Àâ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ Ÿß°«à“
‡∑«¥“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√à«¡ Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈„Àâ‡∑«¥“∫àÕ¬ Ê §«“¡ª°µ‘ ÿ¢
°“√¥”‡π‘π∑“ß»“ π“ ‡∑à“°—∫‡¥‘π Ú ¢“ §◊Õª√‘¬—µ‘ ¢“Àπ÷Ëß ¢Õß°“√Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡√–À«à“ß¡πÿ…¬å·≈–‡∑«¥“ (æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘‡®â“∑’Ë) °Á¡’
ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¢“Àπ÷Ëß ∂Ⓡ√“‡¥‘π·µà¢“‡¥’¬«°ÁµâÕß≈â¡·πà ∑“߇ªìπ‰ª‰¥â

12. ÚÚ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
22 π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 23
ÚÛ
ÒÚ. æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π ÒÛ. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à ‰¥â
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‡√“®– —߇°µ≈—°…≥–¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇªìπæ√–‚ ¥“∫—π ºŸâ∑’Ëπ—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“Õ◊Ëπ ∑’Ë ‰¡à „™à»“ π“æÿ∑∏ “¡“√∂‡ªìπ
·≈⫉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ‡æ√“–¡’∫“ߧπÕ«¥Õâ“ß°—π¡“°«à“‡¢“‰¥âæ√– æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
‚ ¥“∫—π·≈â« ´÷Ë߇√“¡Õß惵‘°√√¡‡¢“·≈⫉¡à𓇪ìπ‰ª‰¥â
à
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
ºŸâ „¥æŸ¥«à“µ—«‡Õ߇ªìπæ√–‚ ¥“∫—π §”æŸ¥‡™àππ—Èπ∂Ÿ° ºŸâ „¥ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ∂Ÿ°µ√ßµ“¡§” Õπ¢Õß»“ π“„¥ Ê ∑’Ë
¢Õ߇¢“ ·µàºŸâæ—≤π“®‘µ®π∫√√≈ÿ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈¢—Èπµâπ‰¥â ¡‘„™àæÿ∑∏»“ π“ §«“¡‡ªìπæ√–‚ ¥“∫—πµ“¡§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â
·≈⫇¢“¥Ÿ°—πÕÕ°®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß查 À“°ªÿ∂ÿ™πª√– ߧ宖√Ÿâ „πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“®–‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‰¡à ‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°»“ π“Õ◊Ëπ‰¡à¡’«‘∏’
«à“„§√ºŸâ „¥¡’ ¿“«–¢Õß®‘µ‡ªìπ‚ ¥“∫—π „À⥟∑’Ë惵‘°√√¡¢ÕߺŸâ ªØ‘∫—µ‘æ—≤π“®‘µ„À⇢â“∂÷ß‚≈°ÿµµ√ªí≠≠“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ
π—Èπ µâÕ߉¡à¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªìπµ—«¢Õßµπ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“√Ÿª ·®âß∂Ÿ°µ√ßµ“¡§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß·∑â
‡ªìπµπ ‡«∑𓇪ìπµπ ºŸππ‰¡à¡§«“¡ ß —¬„π§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏–
â —È ’
§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–∏√√¡ §ÿ≥¢Õßæ√– ß¶å §ÿ≥¢Õ߇∑«¥“ ∫‘¥“
¡“√¥“ œ≈œ ·≈–¡’»’≈∑’Ëæ√–Õ√‘¬‡®â“æÕ„®§◊Õ¡’»’≈‰¡à¢“¥ ‰¡à
∑–≈ÿ ‰¡à¥“ß ‰¡àæ√âÕ¬ ‡ªìπ»’≈∑’π” Ÿ§«“¡µ—ß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘¢Õß®‘µ
à Ë à È Ë
µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’ȇªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß™’È«—¥§«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈‚ ¥“∫—π∑’Ë
· ¥ßÕÕ°„Àâ —¡º— ‰¥â¥â«¬ª√– “∑·≈–®‘µ∑’Ëæ—≤π“¥’·≈â« §«“¡¥’ §«“¡™—Ë« ÿ¢ ∑ÿ°¢å ‰¡à‰¥â¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫‡∑«∫ÿµ√Ò ‡∑«¥“Ú
À√◊Õ„§√∑’ˉÀπ ¡—π¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°“√°√–∑”Õ—π‡°‘¥®“°°“√°√√¡¥’
°√√¡™—Ë«¢Õßµ—«‡√“π’ˇÕß
æ√–æÿ∑∏ª√– ߧå°Á¡ÿàß„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘∑“ß®‘µ‡ªìπ¢âÕ„À≠à
„§√‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ ‡√’¬°«à“ ‰¡à√—°‰¡à‡§“√æ„πæàÕ¢Õ߇√“‡≈¬ Ò „™â‡√’¬°‡∑«¥“ºŸâ™“¬
Ú „™â‡√’¬°™“« «√√§å∑’ˇªìπ∑—È߇æ»À≠‘ß ·≈–‡æ»™“¬

13. 24 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÚÙ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 25
Úı
ÒÙ. √Ÿâ ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ Òˆ. ∑‘ææ®—°¢ÿæ‘ Ÿ®πå ‰¥â
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
®–√Ÿâ«à“‰¥â‚ ¥“∫—π‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ §π∑’覈ҵ—«µ“¬®–µâÕ߇«’¬π«à“¬µ“¬‡°‘¥¶à“µ—«µ“¬∂÷ß
ı ™“µ‘®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
ºŸâ „¥ªØ‘∫—µ‘«‘ªí π“°√√¡∞“π ®π®‘µ∫√√≈ÿ«‘ªí π“
≠“≥‰¥â∑—Èß ‘∫À°≠“≥ À√◊Õæ—≤π“®‘µ®π¡’ µ‘ —¡ª™—≠≠–∑’Ë §”µÕ∫
“¡“√∂°”®—¥°‘‡≈ ∑’˺Ÿ°¡—¥„® —µ«å„ÀâµâÕ߇«’¬πµ“¬-‡«’¬π‡°‘¥ µâÕß¶à“µ—«µ“¬∂÷ß ı ™“µ‘‰¡à®√‘ߧ√—∫ ·µàµâÕ߇«’¬π
Õ¬Ÿà„π«—Ø ß “√ ( —ß‚¬™πå) ∑’ ¡¡ÿµ‡√’¬°«à“ —°°“¬∑‘Ø∞‘ «‘®°®©“
Ë ‘ ‘‘ µ“¬-‡«’¬π‡°‘¥Õ¬Ÿà„π¿æπ√° ı ™“µ‘π—Ëπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß®√‘ß
’≈—æ浪√“¡“ ‰¥â·≈â« ®–√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ‡¢â“„®¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß ( π⁄∑‘Æ˛∞‘‚°)
«à“ ®‘µ‰¥â∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπ‚ ¥“∫—π∫ÿ§§≈·≈â«
Ò˜. ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ‰¥â
Òı. √Ÿâ¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß §”∂“¡
¡’ºªØ‘∫µ·≈â«·®âß°≈à“««à“µπ¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π∑“ßµà“ß Ê Õ¬“°
Ÿâ — ‘
§”∂“¡ ∑√“∫«à“‡ªìπ®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ∂◊Õ«à“À≈ߺ‘¥„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘À√◊Õ‰¡à
ºŸâ∑’Ë∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“∫—π®–∑√“∫‰À¡§à–«à“µ—«‡Õß∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“
∫—π·≈â« §”µÕ∫
ºŸâ „¥ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¡∂°√√¡∞“π ®π®‘µ‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ
§”µÕ∫ √–¥—∫¨“π‰¥â·≈â« Õ‘∑∏‘«‘∏’¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥°—∫ºŸâπ—Èπ À“°‡¢“°≈à“««à“
¬àÕ¡√Ÿâ ‰¥â¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß¡’„§√ºŸâ„¥¡“∫Õ°°≈à“« ‡¢“‡ªìπºŸâ¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï·∫∫µà“ß Ê ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â°—∫ºŸâπ—Èπ
¬◊π¬—π

14. 26 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Úˆ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Ú˜
27
Ò¯. ®”‡ªìπ‰À¡ Ò˘. √Ÿâ«à“‰¡à¥’·≈⫬—ß∑”
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‡«≈“ªØ‘∫—µ‘®–µâÕ߇®Õ°—∫¢—π∏¡“√ (ª«¥‡¡◊ËÕ¬) ®”‡ªìπ ∑√“∫·≈â««à“ ‘Ëß∑’˵π‡Õߪ√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡ªìπ ‘Ë߉¡à¥’‰¡à
‰À¡®–µâÕß∑πÀ√◊Õ¡’«‘∏’°“√Õ◊Ëπ‰À¡‡æ◊ËÕ®–„Àâ°â“«¢â“¡¢—π∏¡“√ §«√∑” ∑”‰¡µâÕßΩóπ∑”Õ’°´÷Ëß∑”·≈â«∑”„À⇰‘¥∑ÿ°¢å
π—Èπ‰ª‰¥â ∂â“®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑π®–∑”„À⮑µÕÕ°«‘Ëßæ≈à“π‰¡à ß∫®–
§”µÕ∫
¬‘Ë߉ª°—π„À≠à ‰¡à„™àÀ√◊Õ§√—∫ √Ÿâ «à “ ‰¡à ¥’ · µà ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ßΩó π ∑”Õ’ ° ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ßª°µ‘
∏√√¡¥“¢ÕߺŸâ∑’ˬ—ß¡’·√ßÕ°ÿ»≈°√√¡Õ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊Õ°”≈—ߢÕß µ‘
§”µÕ∫
À“°®‘µ¡’°”≈—ߢÕß µ‘¬—ßÕàÕπ ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑π·µà
®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπÕ‘√‘¬“∫∂„π°“√¿“«π“ ‡æ◊ËÕÀπ’æâπ™—Ë«§√“« Ú. «‘∏’ „¥∂Ÿ°µâÕß
®“°¢—π∏¡“√ ·µàÀ“°‡¡◊ËÕ„¥®‘µ¡’°”≈—ߢÕß µ‘¡“°æÕ ®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß∑π·≈â«„™â®‘µµ“¡¥ŸÕ“°“√ª«¥‡¡◊ËÕ¬ «à“¥”‡π‘π‰ªµ“¡°Æ §”∂“¡
‰µ√≈—°…≥凡◊ËÕÕ“°“√ª«¥‡¡◊ËÕ¬‡¢â“ Ÿà§«“¡‡ªìπÕπ—µµ“‰¥â·≈â« °“√Ωñ°≈¡À“¬„®‡¢â“ÕÕ° «‘∏’„¥∂Ÿ°µâÕß
®÷ß®–°â“«¢â“¡¢—π∏¡“√π—Èπ‰ª‰¥â
§”µÕ∫
∑ÿ°«‘∏’∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â„π°“√Ωñ°¥Ÿ≈¡À“¬„®‡¢â“-ÕÕ° À“°Ωñ°
·≈â«®‘µ‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘‰¥â ∑ÿ°«‘∏’∑’Ëπ”¡“„™âΩñ°∂◊Õ«à“
‚≈°∏√√¡ ¯ §◊Õ ≈“¿ ¬» √√‡ √‘≠ ÿ¢ ´÷Ë߇ªìπΩÉ“¬¥’ ∂Ÿ°µâÕß
°—∫‡ ◊ËÕ¡≈“¿ ‡ ◊ËÕ¡¬» π‘π∑“ ∑ÿ°¢å ´÷Ë߇ªìπΩÉ“¬™—Ë«
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’È∫ÿ§§≈„¥µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà°Á‡∑à“°—∫ºŸâπ—Èπ∂Ÿ°‡¢“®Õß®”‰«â «—¥ ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥§ÿ≥∏√√¡¢Õ߇√“«à“¡’¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‰√

15. Ú¯
28 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : 29
Ú˘
ÚÒ. §πÕ¬“°√Ÿâ µ“¡‚Õ°“ ( à«π„À≠àªØ‘∫—µ‘) ·µà¬—߉¡à‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡ „§√à¢Õ§”
·π–π”®“°∑à“π«à“®–·°â ‰¢Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡
§”∂“¡
‡∑«¥“¡’≈¡À“¬„®‰À¡ ∂â“¡’·≈–‰¡à¡’‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ„¥ §”µÕ∫
µâÕß∑”§«“¡Õ¬“°‡ÀÁπ (µ—≥À“) ∏√√¡„ÀâÀ¡¥‰ª®“°
§”µÕ∫ „®‰¥â°àÕπ ·≈â«æ—≤π“„®„Àâ¡’»’≈∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ÏÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬Àâ“¢âÕ§ÿ¡„®„Àâ
º’ ( —¡¿‡« ’) ∑’«¥¡àÕπƒÂ…’ Õ”‡¿Õ¥Õ¬À≈àÕ ®.‡™’¬ß„À¡à
Ë— ‰¥â ∑ÿ ° ¢≥–µ◊Ë π ·≈â « ‡√à ß §«“¡‡æ’ ¬ √ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∏ √√¡„Àâ ∂Ÿ ° µ√ßµà Õ
¬—ßπÕπ°√π‡ ’¬ß¥—߉¥â ®÷߉¡à¡’‡Àµÿº≈„¥«à“‡∑«¥“®–‰¡à¡’≈¡ ‡π◊ËÕ߬“«π“π ‚Õ°“ ‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡®÷ß®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â
À“¬„® °—≥∞°–‡∑æ∫ÿµ√∑’Ëæ√–¡À“‚¡§§—≈≈“π–¢÷Èπ‰ª π∑π“
¥â«¬„π «√√§å™—È𥓫¥÷ß å ‡∑æπ“√’ ‘√‘¡“∑’Ë查§ÿ¬°—∫æ√–«—ߧ’
–„π‡¡◊Õß¡πÿ…¬å æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘‡®â“∑’Ë∑’Ë¡“¢Õ„À⇮ⓢÕß «π≈”‰¬
Õ.∫â“π‚Œàß ®.≈”æŸπ ™à«¬ √â“ß»“≈‡®â“∑’Ë„ÀâÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ œ≈œ ≈â«π ÚÛ. ∑”„®„ÀâºàÕß„
µà“ß¡’≈¡À“¬„®∑—Èß ‘Èπ À“°‰¡à¡’≈¡À“¬„®·≈â«®–‡Õ“æ≈—ßß“π
∑’Ë ‰Àπ¡“„™â‡ª≈à߇ ’¬ß°√πÀ√◊Õ查§ÿ¬°—∫¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â §«“¡Õ¬“°√Ÿâ §”∂“¡
‡™àππ’È∑”„À⇫≈“ºà“π‰ª‚¥¬‡ª≈à“ª√–‚¬™πåπ– ¢Õ∫Õ° ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„À⮑µ„®ºàÕß„ µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“
§”µÕ∫
µâÕß∑”„®„À⇪ìπÕ‘ √–µàÕ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ¢â“°√–∑∫®‘µ¥â«¬°“√
ÚÚ. ¬—߉¡à‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡ „™â µ‘ ¡ª™—≠≠–¢—π Ÿß µ“¡¥Ÿ ß°√–∑∫®π‡ÀÁπ«à“¥—∫‰ª (Õπ—µµ“)
— È ‘Ë
µ“¡°Æ¢Õ߉µ√≈—°…≥å ‰¥â·≈â«®‘µ®–ºàÕß„ ª√“»®“°Õ“√¡≥å
§”∂“¡ ª√ÿß·µàß ·≈–ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß®–§àÕ¬ Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ®π®‘µ‡¢â“ Ÿà
°“√‡¢â“Ωñ°ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡À≈“¬§√—Èß ·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’Ë∫â“𠧫“¡ª√–¿— √¥â«¬ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß∑’Ë¡’°”≈—߇æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ

16. 30 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Û π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : ÛÒ
31
ÚÙ. ‰¡àª≈àÕ¬‡«≈“„À⇪≈à“ª√–‚¬™πå Úˆ. ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ„πÕ«°“»
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡™àπ‰√∑’Ë∂◊Õ«à“‰¡àª≈àÕ¬„À⇫≈“≈à«ß‡≈¬‰ª ∂ⓧπ‡√“‰ª‡ ’¬™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ«°“»πÕ°‚≈° Õ¬“°∑√“∫
‚¥¬‡ª≈à“ª√–‚¬™πå ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂∑”∫ÿ≠‰¥â∑ÿ°‡«≈“ «à“¥«ß«‘≠≠“≥π—Èπ®–°≈—∫¡“‡¢â“ Ÿà‚≈°‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫ §”µÕ∫
§”«à“ ç∑ÿ°‡«≈“é À“°À¡“¬∂÷ß ∑ÿ°‡«≈“∑’Ë≈¡À“¬„® À“°¡’‡Àµÿªí®®—¬≈ßµ—«°Á “¡“√∂°≈—∫¡“ Ÿà‚≈°‡¥‘¡∑’ˇ§¬
‡¢â“ Ÿà√à“ß°“¬ ∑ÿ°‡«≈“∑’Ë≈¡À“¬„®ÕÕ°®“°√à“ß°“¬ ∑ÿ°¢≥–µ◊Ëπ Õ¬ŸÕ“»—¬‰¥â ‡æ’¬ß·µà«“®–°≈—∫¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π¡‘µ‰À𠇪ìπ —¡¿‡« ’ ‡ªìπ
à à ‘
µâÕß¡’ µ‘√–≈÷°‰¥â∑—π≈¡‡¢â“-≈¡ÕÕ° ®÷ß®–∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‰¡àª≈àÕ¬ —µ«å‡¥√—®©“π œ≈œ π—Ëπ‡ªìπÕ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß
‡«≈“„Àâ≈à«ß‡≈¬‰ª‚¥¬‡ª≈à“ª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß
Ú˜. ‰¡à¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥å
Úı. ‡ªî¥‡πÁµøíß∏√√¡ §”∂“¡
æ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åÕ«‚≈°‘‡µ»«√ ®–Õÿ∫—µ‘‡ªìπæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“
æ√–Õߧ儥
§”∂“¡
π—Ëß∑”ß“π„π∫√‘…—∑·µà‡ªî¥‡πÁµøíß∏√√¡º‘¥À√◊Õ‰¡à §”µÕ∫
¢ÕÕ¿—¬‰¡àµÕ∫‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥å
§”µÕ∫
º‘ ¥ »’ ≈ ¢â Õ Õß∑’Ë ‡ Õ“‡«≈“∑”ß“π„π∫√‘ …— ∑ ¡“„™â ‡ ªì π
®ß∑”µ—«¢Õ߇√“„À⥒∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈â«Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ°Á®–µâÕߥ’‰ªµ“¡‡√“
ª√–‚¬™πå à«πµ—«

17. 32 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÛÚ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : ÛÛ
33
Ú¯. ‡∑«¥“‡≈◊ËÕπ™—Èπ Û. „§√§◊ÕºŸâ¡’∏√√¡
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
‡∑«¥“™—È𮓵ÿ¡À“√“™‘°“ “¡“√∂‡≈◊ËÕπ™—Èπ‰ª®ÿµ‘∫π °“√®–‡ªìπºŸâ¡’»’≈·≈–∏√√¡‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢â“∂÷ßÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈π—Èπ ¡’
™—Èπ¬“¡“À√◊Õ™—ÈπÕ◊Ëπ Ê ‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à »’≈æÕ‡¢â“„®·µà¡’∏√√¡π—ÈπÀ¡“¬∂÷ßÕ¬à“߉√ µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘Õ¬à“߉√
§”µÕ∫
§”«à“ ç®ÿµ‘é À¡“¬∂÷ßµ“¬ ‡ªì𧔠¡¡ÿµ‘∫—≠≠—µ‘∑’Ë„™â §”µÕ∫
°—∫°“√µ“¬¢Õ߇∑«¥“ ‡∑«¥“∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘∏√√¡ “¡“√∂®ÿµ‘·≈⫉ª ¡’∏√√¡À¡“¬∂÷ß¡’ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°”®—¥
‡°‘¥„π «√√§å™—Èπ∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“‰¥â À√◊Õ·¡â ‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à„πæ√À¡¿Ÿ¡‘‰¥â °‘ ‡ ≈ ∑’Ë ºŸ ° ¡— ¥ „® — µ «å ( — ß ‚¬™πå ) ∫“ßµ— « À√◊ Õ ∑—È ß À¡¥„Àâ
¥—ß¡’ºŸâ√Ÿâ°≈à“««à“ ‡∑«¥“‚ ¥“∫—𠇙àπ «‘ “¢“‡∑æπ“√’ π“§∑—µµ Õ—πµ√∏“π‰ª®“°„® ¡‘„Àâ¡°‡≈ ¥—ß°≈à“«‡¢â“¡“¡’Õ∑∏‘æ≈§√Õß„®
’‘ ‘
‡∑æ∫ÿµ√ œ≈œ ¬—ߧߪؑ∫—µ‘∏√√¡Õ¬Ÿà„π «√√§å ·≈â«¡’ ÿ∑∏“«“ ‡™àπ°”®—¥ —°°“¬∑‘Ø∞‘ «‘®‘°‘®©“ ’≈—æ浪√“¡“ À¡¥‰ª®“°„®
„πæ√À¡‚≈°‡ªìπ·¥π‡°‘¥„π°“≈¢â“ßÀπâ“
§«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈¢—Èπµâπ (‚ ¥“∫—π) °Á∫—߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â °“√
∑”‰¥â‡™àππ’È À√◊Õ∑”‰¥â¡“°°«à“π’È ”À√—∫§π∑’Ë¡’∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’ —Ëß ¡
¡“¡“° “¡“√∂‚¬π‘‚ ¡π ‘°“√ ‡™àπÕÿªµ‘ – ‚ ª“°– æ“À‘¬–
Ú˘. ‰¡à‡§¬‰¥â¬‘π œ≈œ ‰¥â∑”„À⥟‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß·≈â«
§”∂“¡
°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß‚ ¥“∫—π√Ÿâ ÷°®–¬“°¡“° µâÕߺà“𫑪í π“
≠“≥∑—Èß Òˆ ¢—Èπ ¢Õ∑√“∫°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß®ÿ≈‚ ¥“∫—π§à–
‚≈°¡πÿ…¬å¡’∑—È߇°‘¥ ·°à ‡®Á∫ µ“¬
§”µÕ∫ ‚≈°¢Õ߇∑«¥“π—Èπ¡’·µà‡°‘¥°—∫µ“¬ ‰¡à¡’·°à ‰¡à¡’‡®Á∫
¢ÕÕ¿—¬ ºŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“¡‘‰¥â»÷°…“Õ¿‘∏√√¡‰¡à‡§¬‰¥â¬‘π ‚≈°π‘ææ“π‰¡à¡’∑—È߇°‘¥ ‰¡à¡’∑—Èßµ“¬
§”«à“ ®ÿ≈‚ ¥“∫—π ®÷ߢՉ¡àµÕ∫

18. 34 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÛÙ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Ûı
35
ÛÒ. Õ“¶“µæ¬“∫“∑ ÛÛ. ‚ ¥“∫—π≈– —ߢ“√
§”∂“¡ §”∂“¡
∑”‰¡§«“¡æ¬“∫“∑Õ“¶“µ®÷ßµ“¡‰ª∑”√⓬Ւ°™“µ‘ §π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬æ«°‡√“∑’Ë∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“∫—π¡’„§√∫â“ß ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ
Àπ÷Ë߉¥â ≈– —ߢ“√·≈⫉ª®ÿµ„π™—π ÿ∑∏“«“ ·≈–™—𥓫¥÷ß åœ≈œ À√◊Õ‰¡à
‘ È È
§”µÕ∫
‡Àµÿ‡æ√“–§«“¡æ¬“∫“∑Õ“¶“µ¬—ß¡’Õ¬Ÿà„𮑵«‘≠≠“≥ §”µÕ∫
‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’ˇÀµÿªí®®—¬≈ßµ—« §Ÿà°√√¡∑—Èß Õß‚§®√‰ªæ∫°—π °“√ ºŸâ „¥®–∑√“∫«à“„§√∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“∫—π ºŸâπ—ÈπµâÕßæ—≤π“®‘µ
™¥„™âÀπ’ȇ«√°√√¡®÷ß¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªì𙓵‘‰Àπ Ê «‘≠≠“≥®π¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ Ÿß‡∑à“À√◊Õ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ Ÿß°«à“ ®÷ß®–
∑’ËÀπ’ȇ«√°√√¡¬—ß™¥„™â°—π‰¡àÀ¡¥ ‘Èπ “¡“√∂√Ÿâ ‰¥â¥â«¬®‘µ¢Õßµ—«‡Õß ·≈–‡ªìπÕ√‘¬«‘π—¬∑’˺Ÿâ∫√√≈ÿ
§«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈¡‘æ÷ß°≈à“««“®“«à“„§√‡ªìπºŸâ∫√√≈ÿ‚ ¥“∫—π
·≈â«
ÛÚ. »’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬ Õπ÷Ëß‚ ¥“∫—π∑’Ë≈– —ߢ“√‰ª·≈â«¡’¿æ¡πÿ…¬åÀ√◊Õ «√√§å
‡∑à “ π—È π ‡ªì π ·¥π‡°‘ ¥ ¡‘ “¡“√∂¢÷È π ‰ª‡°‘ ¥ ‡ªì π æ√À¡Õ¬Ÿà „ π
§”∂“¡ ÿ∑∏“«“ ¿Ÿ¡‘‰¥â ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’ˬ—ß¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡‰¡à¡“°æÕ∑’Ë®–º≈—°
°“√√—°…“»’≈ ¢âÕ Ò „Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï °“√√—ß·° —µ«åÀ√◊Õ ¥—𮑵«‘≠≠“≥‰ª Ÿà¿æπ—Èπ‰¥â
°—°¢—ß —µ«å‡ªìπ°“√≈–‡¡‘¥»’≈∂Ⓡªìπ°“√‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“ «¬ß“¡ ‡™àπ
ª≈“‡ß‘πª≈“∑Õß®–‡ªìπ»’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬À√◊Õ‰¡à
§«“¡µ“¬¡’ Û ª√–‡¿∑
§”µÕ∫ ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ò §◊Õ µ“¬‰ª°—∫§«“¡™—Ë«
À“°°“√‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“ «¬ß“¡‰ª∑”„Àâª≈“‡°‘¥§«“¡‰¡à ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú µ“¬‰ª°—∫§«“¡¥’
∫“¬°“¬‰¡à ∫“¬„® ¡’§«“¡À‘«Õ“À“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ∂◊Õ«à“°“√‡≈’È¬ß ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Û ‰¡àµ“¬
ª≈“ «¬ß“¡‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„Àâ»’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬‰¥â

19. 36 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ûˆ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Û˜
37
ÛÙ. ºŸâ ‰¡à∫Ÿ™“ªÿ∂ÿ™π µπ ‡™àπ‡ÀÁπ«à“ √à“ß°“¬‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ §«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ
§«“¡º‘¥À«—߇ªìπ¢Õßµπ œ≈œ ©–π—Èπ§”∑—Èß Õß®÷ß¡’§«“¡
§”∂“¡ À¡“¬µà“ß°—π
§ÿ ≥ ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ Õß‚ ¥“∫— π §◊ Õ ¡—Ë π §ß‰¡à À «—Ë π ‰À«„πæ√–
√—µπµ√—¬ ‰¡à∫Ÿ™“¡ß§≈πÕ°»“ π“ ∂⓵—Èß„®®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ ‰¥â
‚ ¥“∫—π ·µà∫“ߧ√—È߬—ß∫Ÿ™“æ√–摶‡π»«√À√◊Õ∫Ÿ™“√“ÀŸÕ¬à“ßπ’È
¡§«√À√◊Õ‰¡à ∑”‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
Ûˆ. ∑” ¡“∏‘¥â«¬µ“‡π◊ÈÕ
§”µÕ∫ §”∂“¡
ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’ ¿“«–®‘µ‡ªìπ‚ ¥“∫—π ®–¡’®‘µ„®¡—Ëπ§ß‰¡àÀ«—Ëπ °“√∑” ¡“∏‘¥â«¬µ“‡π◊ÈÕ„π°“√√—∫√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ„πÀπâ“∑’Ë°“√
‰À«„πæ√–æÿ∑∏ æ√–∏√√¡ æ√– ß¶å œ≈œ ‡¢“®–‰¡à∫Ÿ™“‡≈◊ËÕ¡ ß“π∑ÿ°Ê «—π§«√ªØ‘∫—µ‘Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∑’˧«√µ“¡∏√√¡
„ „π —µ«å∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˬ—ß¡’®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥‡ªìπªÿ∂ÿ™π„¥Ê ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë ·≈–‡ªìπ∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈§à–
∫Õ°‡≈à“‰ª
§”µÕ∫
°“√∑” ¡“∏‘À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√æ—≤π“®‘µ„Àâ¡’§«“¡µ—Èß¡—ËπÕ¬Ÿà
°—∫Õ‘√‘¬“∫∂ªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡‘ “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â¥â«¬°“√‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
Ûı. §«“¡À¡“¬∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß µ“‡π◊Õ ·µà ¡“∏‘®–‡°‘¥¢÷π‰¥â¥«¬°“√„™âµ“„π§◊Õ®‘µ∑’¡°“√‡°‘¥-
È È â Ë ’
¥—∫ ®¥®àÕÕ¬Ÿà°—∫Àπâ“∑’Ë°“√ß“π∑’Ë∑” ·≈⫧«“¡µ—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘
§”∂“¡ ¢Õß®‘µ¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â
—°°“¬∑‘Ø∞‘µà“ß·≈–‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫Õ—µµ“Õ¬à“߉√
∂â“®‘µ¢Õ߇√“µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà „π∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈ ‡√“°Á®–¡’ ÿ§µ‘‡ªìπ∑’ˉª
§”µÕ∫ ∂â“®‘µ¢Õ߇√“µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà „π∫“ª Õ°ÿ»≈ «‘≠≠“≥¢Õ߇√“
§”«à“ çÕ—µµ“é À¡“¬∂÷ßµ—«µπ À√◊Õ§◊Õ°“√∂◊Õµπ‡Õß °Á®–µâÕ߉ª Ÿà∑ÿ§µ‘
‡ªìπ„À≠à à«π§”«à“ ç —°°“¬∑‘Ø∞‘é ‡ªì𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªìπµ—«¢Õß

20. 38 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Û¯ π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ÒÚ : Û˘
39
Û˜. ®—∫‰ªª≈àÕ¬πÕ°∫â“π ·≈â«„™â µ‘ —¡ª™—≠≠–ªÑÕß°—π¡‘„ÀâÕ°ÿ»≈°√√¡„À¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫„®
°”®—¥Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡‡°à“∑’‡°‘¥¢÷π·≈â«„ÀâÀ¡¥‰ª √â“ß°ÿ»≈°√√¡„À¡à
Ë È
§”∂“¡ ‡™àπ ∫ÿ≠°‘√‘¬“«—µ∂ÿ Ò (¥ŸÀπâ“ Ò¯) ∫“√¡’ Ò œ≈œ „À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ
®—∫®‘Èß®°·¡≈ß “∫ÕÕ°∑‘ÈßπÕ°∫â“π®–∫“ª‰À¡ ·≈– ·≈–√—°…“°ÿ»≈°√√¡∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈â«„Àâ§ßÕ¬Ÿà°—∫„®µ≈Õ¥‰ª ºŸâ „¥
°«“¥¡¥∑‘ÈßπÕ°∫â“π¥â«¬ ª√–惵‘‰¥â¥—ß∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“π’ȺŸâπ—Èπ®–¡’„®Õ‘Ë¡ ¡’„®‰¡àæ√àÕß
§”µÕ∫
ªØ‘ — ¡ æ— π ∏å √ –À«à “ ß¡πÿ … ¬å °— ∫ — µ «å ¥â « ¬°“√®— ∫ ®‘È ß ®°
Û˘. §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ¡∂–
·¡≈ß “∫·≈–¡¥‰ª∑‘ÈßπÕ°∫â“π À“° —µ«åπ—Èπ®Õ߇«√°—∫¡πÿ…¬å
ºŸâπ”‡¢“‰ª∑‘Èß ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ∫“ª‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√°√–∑”π—Èπ
§”∂“¡
¡∂–À¡“¬‡Õ“µ—Èß·µàª∞¡¨“π‡ªìπµâπ‰ªÀ√◊ÕÀ¡“¬
‡Õ“µ—Èß·µà ¡“∏‘¢—Èπ„¥ ¢≥‘° Õÿª®“√– Õ—ªªπ“ ¢Õ‡Àµÿº≈
Û¯. „®Õ‘Ë¡¥â«¬∏√√¡ ª√–°Õ∫§”µÕ∫¥â«¬§√—∫
§”∂“¡ §”µÕ∫
∑”Õ¬à“߉√¿“«–∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ç„®Õ‘Ë¡é ç„®‰¡àæ√àÕßé ®÷ß ¡∂–À¡“¬∂÷ß∏√√¡Õ—π‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß ß∫√–ß—∫®‘µ ‡™àπ
‡°‘¥°—∫®‘µ„®Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ¢Õ«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—µ‘¥«¬§à–
â ß∫®“°π‘«√≥∏√√¡ À√◊Õ¬—ßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√Ωñ°®‘µ„Àâ ß∫‡ªìπ
¡“∏‘¢—Èπµâπ (¢≥‘° ¡“∏‘) ‰ª®π∂÷ß ¡“∏‘ Ÿß ÿ¥ (Õ—ªªπ“ ¡“∏‘)
§”µÕ∫ À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ¡“∏‘„π¨“π
ª√– ߧå∑”„®µπ‡Õß„Àâ¡’§«“¡Õ‘Ë¡ (Õ‘Ë¡„®) §«“¡‡µÁ¡ ¥—ßπ—È𧫓¡À¡“¬∑—Èß ÕߢÕߧ”«à“ ç ¡∂–é ®÷ß¡‘‰¥â
(„®‰¡àæ√àÕß) µâÕßæ—≤π“„®„Àâ¡’ µ‘ —¡ª™—≠≠–Õ¬Ÿà∑ÿ°¢≥–µ◊Ëπ À¡“¬ ‡Õ“µ—Èß·µàª∞¡¨“π‡ªìπµâπ‰ª