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π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡‡≈à¡ ˜ : ®“° website kanlayanatam.com
µÕ∫§”∂“¡‚¥¬ : ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√. πÕß «√Õÿ‰√
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www.kanlayanatam.com

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4. §”π”„π°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå∂«“¬‡ªìπæÿ∑∏∫Ÿ™“
«ß‡«’¬π·Ààß«—ØØ–À¡ÿπ«π √√æ —µ«å„Àâ≈àÕß≈Õ¬Õ¬Ÿà„π
¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√·Ààß°“√‡«’¬π«à“¬µ“¬‡°‘¥ ¡’πâÕ¬π—°∑’Ë®–Àπ’æâπ
·√ߥ÷ߥŸ¥¢Õß°‘‡≈ Õ«‘™™“∑’˧√Õ∫ß”¥«ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ À≈ÿ¥æâπ
®“°«ß®√∑ÿ°¢å à·¥πÕ—π‡°…¡π‘√—π¥√‰¥â
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™¡√¡°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡ 欓¬“¡‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß·√ß∑’Ë®–π”æ“
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‡∑à“∑—π‰¡à‡ªìπ∑“ ‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑”√⓬∑”≈“¬®π Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‚Õ°“ Õ—π¥’∑’Ë
‰¥â‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å
π∑π“¿“…“∏√√¡‡≈à¡ ˜ °”≈—ߪ√“°Ø Ÿà “¬µ“∑ÿ°
∑à“π„Àâ ‰¥âπâÕ¡Õπÿ‚¡∑π“„π∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈¢Õßæ«°‡√“∑’Ë ‰¥â‡°‘¥¡“‡ªìπ
¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥âæ∫æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ 𓉥âæ∫°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√Õ¬à“ß∑à“π
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µ–‡°’¬°µ–°“¬· «ßÀ“ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê ¡“ª√–§Õß™’«‘µ„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà√Õ¥
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ºà“π‡¢â“¡“∑“߇«Á∫‰´¥å°—≈¬“≥∏√√¡‚¥¬¡’ºŸâ√Ÿâ§Õ¬™’È∑“ßÕÕ°
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Ë ‘ âà à
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π‘∑°Á‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘Ï¢ÕߺŸâ∂“¡ªí≠À“‡Õß
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Õ“π‘ ß å·Ààß°“√„Àâªí≠≠“‡ªìπ∑“π„π§√—Èßπ’È ®ß‡ªìπæ≈«ªí®®—¬
Àπÿπ àß„Àâ∑ÿ°∑à“π ‰¥â¡’¥«ßµ“‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡ π”™’«‘µ„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∑ÿ°¢å
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¢â“ßÀπâ“Õ—π„°≈âπȇ∑Õ≠
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6. 6ˆ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
∏√√¡ “√∫—≠ Àπâ“
Ò. ∑”∫ÿ≠µà“ß°—π ............................................................................................... ÒÙ
Ú. Õ∏‘…∞“π°—π§π≈–∑“ß ............................................................................... ÒÙ
Û. ‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“߉√................................................................................................ Òı
Ù. ∫“ª‡æ√“–Õ¬“°............................................................................................ Òˆ
ı. »’≈¢“¥-»’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬ ................................................................................ Ò˜
ˆ. °√«¥πÈ”‰¥â∑°‡«≈“ ..................................................................................... Ò˜
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˜. »“≈æ√–¿Ÿ¡·≈–»“≈‡®â“∑’Ë ....................................................................... Ò¯
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¯. ®‘µ¡’°’Ë¥«ß ................................................................................................ Ò¯
˘. Ÿß„π¥â“π‰Àπ ................................................................................................ Ò˘
Ò. ‡°‘¥‡¡◊Õ‡Àµÿª®®—¬∂÷ßæ√âÕ¡ ..................................................................... Ò˘
Ë í
ÒÒ. ‡µ√’¬¡µ—«°àÕ𵓬 ...................................................................................... Ú
ÒÚ. ‚Õ°“ ¥’°«à“ ................................................................................................ ÚÒ
ÒÛ. ®‘µ¡¥®‘µ§π ................................................................................................ ÚÚ
ÒÙ. ¢÷πÕ¬Ÿ°∫ µ‘ ................................................................................................ ÚÚ
È à —
Òı. ∫ÿ≠‰¡à‡µÁ¡√âÕ¬ .............................................................................................. ÚÛ
Òˆ. µâÕ߇°‘¥ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß ........................................................................... ÚÙ
Ò˜. ∫“ªÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ................................................................................................ Úı
Ò¯. °“√‡ª≈’¬π™◊Õ ............................................................................................... Úı
Ë Ë
Ò˘. ‡∑«µ“πÿ µ‘ ................................................................................................ Úˆ
Ú. «‘∏ª≈Õ¥Àπ’È ................................................................................................ Ú˜
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ÚÒ. µâÕߪؑ∫µ®µµ¿“«π“ .............................................................................. Ú¯
— ‘ ‘
ÚÚ. ®‘µ∑’µß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘ .................................................................................. Ú¯
Ë —È Ë
ÚÛ. —¡º— ‰¥â™“°«à“ ............................................................................................ Û
â
ÚÙ. ∑”‡Àµÿ„Àâµ√ß ................................................................................................ Û
Úı. æÿ∑∏‘®√‘µ ..................................................................................................... ÛÒ

7. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 7
˜
Úˆ. ‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕߢÕ߇¢“ ......................................................................................... ÛÚ
Ë
Ú˜. ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥¡“®“°‰Àπ ....................................................................... ÛÛ
Ú¯. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â ..................................................................................................... ÛÛ
Ú˘. º‘¥»’≈À√◊Õ‰¡à ................................................................................................ ÛÙ
Û. „ÀâÕ¿—¬∫àÕ¬Ê .............................................................................................. Ûı
ÛÒ. ·ºà ‰¥â‡¡◊Õ¡’‡¡µµ“ ....................................................................................... Ûˆ
Ë
ÛÚ. ∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’ ............................................................................................... Ûˆ
ÛÛ. ‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ°‰¥â∫≠¡“°°«à“ ................................................................................ Û˜
ÿ
ÛÙ. ®‘µ§‘¥‰ª‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à .................................................................................... Û¯
Ûı. ‰¥â√∫Õ“π‘ ß å‡¡◊ÕÕπÿ‚¡∑π“ ................................................................... Û¯
— Ë
Ûˆ. ‚Õ°“ ¡’À√◊Õ‰¡à .......................................................................................... Û˘
Û˜. ‰¡à√«¡«ß®√Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡ ........................................................................... Ù
à
Û¯. ‰¡à¡ª√– ∫°“√≥å ...................................................................................... ÙÒ
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Û˘. µâÕ߇¢â“∂÷ß ¡“∏‘ Ÿß ÿ¥ ....................................................................... ÙÚ
Ù. Õ“™’梓¬ª√–°—π ........................................................................................ ÙÛ
ÙÒ. ‡®“–ÀŸ„Àâ¥ß“¡ ........................................................................................... ÙÙ
Ÿ
ÙÚ. µâÕß≈Õßµ“¬ ................................................................................................ ÙÙ
ÙÛ. ‡ªìπ°“√¥—∫¢Õߢ—π∏å ı ............................................................................. Ùı
ÙÙ. «“®“∑’Ë„Àâ ‰«â .................................................................................................... Ùˆ
Ùı. æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π ................................................................................................. Ù˜
Ùˆ. ‰¡âÕÕπ¥—¥ßà“¬ ‰¡â·°à¥¥¬“° ................................................................. Ù¯
à —
Ù˜. æ√–Õ‘π∑√å¡“√à«¡‡®√‘≠¡πµå .................................................................. Ù˘
Ù¯. ‰¡à√µÕ߇√’¬π ................................................................................................ ı
Ÿâ â
Ù˘. ∑” Õ߇√◊Õß ................................................................................................. ı
Ë
ı. Õ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈¢—πµâπ ......................................................................................... ıÒ
È
ıÒ. µà“ߧπµà“ß∫Ÿ™“ .......................................................................................... ıÚ
ıÚ. À¬ÿ¥°√√¡¥”-∑”°√√¡¢“« .................................................................... ıÛ
ıÛ. Õ¬Ÿ°∫∑ÿ°¢å‚¥¬‰¡à∑°¢å ............................................................................... ıÙ
à — ÿ

8. 8 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
¯
ıÙ. Õ“°“√¢Õß®‘µ ............................................................................................... ıÙ
ıı. ‰¥â∫≠·≈–‰¥â‡æ◊Õπ ..................................................................................... ıı
ÿ Ë
ıˆ. ‡Àµÿ‡æ√“–¡’Õµµ“ ..................................................................................... ıˆ
—
ı˜. «‘∏·°â„ÀâÀ“¬¢“¥ ........................................................................................ ı˜
’
ı¯. µâÕß¡’ µ‘§¡ ................................................................................................ ı¯
ÿ
ı˘. ‰¥â∫≠‰¡à‡µÁ¡ .................................................................................................. ı˘
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ˆ. ‰¡àµÕßÕ∏‘…∞“π .......................................................................................... ı˘
â
ˆÒ. §√Ÿæ¬“∫“≈ .................................................................................................... ˆ
ˆÚ. ‚√§®‘µ∑” ....................................................................................................... ˆÒ
ˆÛ. ‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π‚Õ«“∑ .............................................................................................. ˆÚ
ˆÙ. Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠„Àâ∫Õ¬ Ê ...................................................................................... ˆÛ
‘ à
ˆı. Õÿ∑»„Àâ µ«å∑µ“¬ ........................................................................................ ˆÙ
‘ — ’Ë
ˆˆ. ‰¡à‡°‘¥π‘¡µ ..................................................................................................... ˆÙ
‘
ˆ˜. Õÿ‚∫ ∂»’≈ ....................................................................................................... ˆı
ˆ¯. ‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡°√√¡ .......................................................................................... ˆˆ
ˆ˘. µÕ∫·∑π§ÿ≥ ................................................................................................. ˆˆ
˜. «‘∫“°®“°°√√¡‡°à“ ..................................................................................... ˆ˜
˜Ò. ∏√√¡–∑’§¡§√Õß„® .................................................................................. ˆ¯
Ë ÿâ
˜Ú. ª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈æ≈– ı ...................................................................................... ˆ˘
˜Û. º‘¥»’≈¢âÕ Ú .................................................................................................. ˜
˜Ù. ‰¡à¡®µ«‘≠≠“≥ ........................................................................................... ˜
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˜ı. §«“¡√Ÿ °µ—« ................................................................................................. ˜Ò
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˜ˆ. ‘ß∑’∂°‡ÀÁπ .................................................................................................... ˜Ú
Ë Ë Ÿ
˜˜. ‰¡à‡§¬‡√’¬ππ—°∏√√¡ .................................................................................. ˜Ú
˜¯. ≈’≈“‡ ¥Á®¥—∫¢—π∏å ........................................................................................ ˜Û
˜˘. ∫“ª∑“ß„® ..................................................................................................... ˜ı
¯. Õ“√¡≥娓π∫àß∫Õ° .................................................................................. ˜ı
¯Ò. °“√‡ ◊Õ¡¢Õßæ√À¡ ................................................................................... ˜ˆ
Ë

9. ˘
π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 9
¯Ú. „Àâª≠≠“‡ªìπ∑“π ....................................................................................... ˜ˆ
í
¯Û. °«â“ß·µà¡¢Õ∫‡¢µ ...................................................................................... ˜˜
’
¯Ù. ¡“√∑—ß ı ....................................................................................................... ˜¯
È
¯ı. √Ÿ∑𮑵 ........................................................................................................... ˜˘
â —
¯ˆ. ¡‘‰¥â∂“¡ ......................................................................................................... ¯
¯˜. ·°â ‰¢‚∑ – ................................................................................................... ¯
¯¯. Õ“√¡≥åæ√–‚ ¥“∫—π .................................................................................. ¯Ò
¯˘. Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â·§à ¡“∏‘ ........................................................................................ ¯Ú
˘. „™à·≈–‰¡à„™à .................................................................................................... ¯Ú
˘Ò. ‡Àµÿ·ÀàßÕ“æ“∏ ............................................................................................ ¯Û
˘Ú. ¥—∫µ“¡°Æ‰µ√≈—°…≥å .............................................................................. ¯Ù
˘Û. ‰¥â∫≠‰¡à‡∑à“°—π ............................................................................................ ¯Ù
ÿ
˘Ù. °√√¡∑’∂°¬°‡≈‘° ......................................................................................... ¯ı
Ë Ÿ
˘ı. ‰¡à„™â§πÕ◊π ..................................................................................................... ¯ˆ
Ë
˘ˆ. »’≈ ·≈–‡¡µµ“™à«¬‰¥â .............................................................................. ¯ˆ
˘˜. «“ß®‘µÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................. ¯˜
˘¯. √Ÿâ ‰¥â Õß∑“ß .................................................................................................. ¯¯
˘˘. ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇√’¬π ................................................................................... ¯¯
Ò. µâÕß‚¬π‘‚ ¡π ‘°“√ ................................................................................... ¯˘
ÒÒ. ª√—∫æ◊π∞“π„Àâ∂°µ√ß ............................................................................ ˘
È Ÿ
ÒÚ. π—ßÀ≈—ߧàÕ¡ ................................................................................................. ˘
Ë
ÒÛ. ¿æ„À¡àª¥∫—ß ................................................................................................ ˘Ò
î
ÒÙ. ‰¡à ∫“¬„® ...................................................................................................... ˘Ú
Òı. ‡«∑π“√∫°«π ............................................................................................... ˘Û
Òˆ. –æ“π∫ÿ≠ ..................................................................................................... ˘Ù
Ò˜. µâÕß∑”‡Àµÿ„Àâµ√ß ....................................................................................... ˘ı
Ò¯. ‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏∑¬Õ¡√—∫ ........................................................................................ ˘ˆ
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Ò˘. „™âÀπ’‡°à“ ‰¡à √â“ßÀπ’È „À¡à ....................................................................... ˘˜
È

10. Ò
10 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
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ÒÒÒ. °√√¡Õ¬Ÿ∑‡®µπ“ ......................................................................................... ˘˘
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ÒÒÚ. °√√¡„°≈ⵓ¬„Àâº≈ .................................................................................. ÒÒ
ÒÒÛ. Õ“π‘ ß å¢Õ߇¡µµ“ ................................................................................ ÒÚ
ÒÒÙ. —µ«å∑—Èߪ«ß®ß‡ªìπ ÿ¢ ....................................................................... ÒÛ
ÒÒı. ‰¡à‡ªìπ∫“ª ................................................................................................ ÒÙ
ÒÒˆ. ‡√’¬°«à“π‘¡µ .................................................................................................. Òˆ
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ÒÒ˜. ª√– ∫°“√≥åµ√ß ..................................................................................... Ò˜
ÒÒ¯. ‰¡à‡°‘¥°—∫∑ÿ°§π ........................................................................................ Ò˘
ÒÒ˘. ¡—π‡ªìπ¢Õ߇°à“ ............................................................................................. ÒÒ
ÒÚ. ™¥„™âÀπ’È ¥’°«à“Àπ’Àπ’È ....................................................................... ÒÒÚ
ÒÚÒ. ‡Àµÿ‡æ√“–¡’∫≠ ........................................................................................... ÒÒÙ
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ÒÚÚ. °√√¡∞“π™à«¬‰¥â .......................................................................................... ÒÒ˜
ÒÚÛ. µ“¡„Àâ ¥ ....................................................................................................... ÒÒ¯
ÿ
ÒÚÙ. ªØ‘∫µ¥«¬µ—«‡Õß ........................................................................................ ÒÚ
— ‘ â
ÒÚı. ‰¥âª√– ∫°“√≥å ....................................................................................... ÒÚÒ
ÒÚˆ. ®‘µ‰¡àπß .......................................................................................................... ÒÚÛ
‘Ë
ÒÚ˜. «‘∂·Àà߇¥√—®©“π .......................................................................................... ÒÚÙ
’
ÒÚ¯. ∑”§«“¡¥’...‡æ◊Õ§«“¡¥’ ....................................................................... ÒÚÙ
Ë
ÒÚ˘. µ°ß“π ........................................................................................................... ÒÚı
ÒÛ. æ√«—π‡°‘¥ ...................................................................................................... ÒÚˆ
ÒÛÒ. À𒉪ªØ‘∫µ∏√√¡ ..................................................................................... ÒÚ˘
— ‘
ÒÛÚ. ∑ÿ°¢å„®‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπº‘¥ ............................................................................... ÒÛ
ÒÛÛ. º‘¥ Õߧ√—ß„π‡√◊Õ߇¥’¬«°—π ................................................................... ÒÛÚ
È Ë
ÒÛÙ. 查¡“°√”§“≠ .......................................................................................... ÒÛÛ
ÒÛı. Õÿ∑»∫ÿ≠ ·≈â«¢π≈ÿ° .............................................................................. ÒÛÙ
‘
ÒÛˆ. ªïµª¥∫—ߪí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß ......................................................................... ÒÛı
‘ î
ÒÛ˜. Õ«‘™™“π” Ÿµ≥À“ .................................................................................... ÒÛˆ
à —

11. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 11
ÒÒ
ÒÛ¯. ‡¡◊Õ»‘…¬åæ∫Õ“®“√¬å ............................................................................ ÒÛ¯
Ë
ÒÛ˘. ªØ‘∫µ‰¡àµÕ‡π◊Õß ........................................................................................ ÒÛ˘
— ‘ à Ë
ÒÙ. πà“ ß “√ ..................................................................................................... ÒÙ
ÒÙÒ. À“µ—«‡≈◊Õ°Õ◊π ......................................................................................... ÒÙÒ
Ë
ÒÙÚ. ∑—»π§µ‘„π°“√∑”∫ÿ≠ ............................................................................ ÒÙÚ
ÒÙÛ. ·°â ‰¢∑’µ«‡Õß .......................................................................................... ÒÙˆ
Ë —
ÒÙÙ. Õπÿ≠“µ„Àâ∑”‰¥â ..................................................................................... ÒÙ¯
ÒÙı. ®‘µ¢“¥ µ‘ ................................................................................................. ÒÙ˘
ÒÙˆ. ‰¡à»√—∑∏“....‰¡à∑” .................................................................................... Òı
ÒÙ˜. ™à«¬‰¥â·µàµÕ߇≈◊Õ°„™â ......................................................................... ÒıÒ
â
ÒÙ¯. „Àâ·≈⫉¥â‡æ◊Õπ ........................................................................................ ÒıÚ
Ë
ÒÙ˘. ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘ ........................................................................... ÒıÛ
Òı. æâπ∫à«ß°√√¡ ............................................................................................. ÒıÙ
ÒıÒ. „™âÕ∑∏‘∫“∑ Ù ........................................................................................... Òıı
‘
ÒıÚ. ªí®®—¬‰¡àæ√âÕ¡ ......................................................................................... Òıˆ
ÒıÛ. Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡®“°Õ¥’µ ......................................................................... Òı˜
ÒıÙ. √—°…“»’≈„Àâ∫√‘ ∑∏‘Ï ................................................................................. Òı˜
ÿ
Òıı. À«—߉¥â·µà¬ß‡¢â“‰¡à∂ß ......................................................................... Òı¯
— ÷
Òıˆ. “∏ÿ...∑”µàÕ‰ª ............................................................................................ Òı¯
Òı˜. ‡≈◊Õ°¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß ....................................................................................... ÒˆÒ
Òı¯. ¡“°®πª√–¡«≈‰¡à ‰¥â ........................................................................ ÒˆÛ
Òı˘. ·°âª≠À“„Àâ∂° ......................................................................................... Òˆı
í Ÿ
Òˆ. Õ¬Ÿ∑°”≈—ߢÕß µ‘ ..................................................................................... Òˆ˜
à ’Ë
ÒˆÒ. Õ“π‘ ß åµ“ß°—π ........................................................................................ Òˆ¯
à
ÒˆÚ. Œ«ß®ÿ¬¡’®√‘ß ............................................................................................... Òˆ¯
â
ÒˆÛ. ∑”∫ÿ≠·∑π§πªÉ«¬ .................................................................................... Ò˜
ÒˆÙ. ™à«¬‡∑à“∑’∑”‰¥â .......................................................................................... Ò˜Ò
Ë
Òˆı. Õ¬“°√Ÿ.â ....°àÕ𵓬 ................................................................................. Ò˜Ú

12. ÒÚ
12 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Òˆˆ. ∫“ß§π®“°‰ª∫“ߧπ¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà .................................................................... Ò˜ı
Òˆ˜. ‡À¡◊Õπ‡®Õ∑“ßµ—π ................................................................................ Ò˜ˆ
Òˆ¯. Õ“™’æµâÕßÀâ“¡ ............................................................................................. Ò˜¯
Òˆ˘. à«π∫ÿ≠- à«π∫“ª .................................................................................... Ò˜˘
Ò˜. ‡æ≈ß∏√√¡– .................................................................................................. Ò¯
Ò˜Ò. ‡¢â“∂÷ß√–¥—∫‰Àπ .......................................................................................... Ò¯Ò
Ò˜Ú. ∑“ß∑’µÕ߇≈◊Õ° .................................................................................... Ò¯Û
Ë â
Ò˜Û. ∑”∫ÿ≠¥â«¬Õ–‰√ ................................................................................... Ò¯ˆ
Ò˜Ù. ·°â„Àâ∂° ................................................................................................... Ò¯˜
Ÿ
Ò˜ı. º’„π∫â“π .................................................................................................... Ò¯¯
Ò˜ˆ. ™’«µ‡ªìπ¢Õ߇¢“ ....................................................................................... Ò˘
‘
Ò˜˜. ®“° ¡“™‘°„À¡à ....................................................................................... Ò˘Ò
Ò˜¯. ‰¡à√®ß‰¡àµÕ∫ ......................................................................................... Ò˘Ú
Ÿâ ÷
Ò˜˘. À¬ÿ¥∑”∫“ª ............................................................................................... Ò˘Û
Ò¯. ∑ÿ°¢å¢ÕߧπÕ◊π ......................................................................................... Ò˘Ù
Ë
Ò¯Ò. «“߉¥â °Á«“߉¥â ........................................................................................... Ò˘ı
à
Ò¯Ú. ¡’∫≠µâÕßÕÿ∑» .......................................................................................... Ò˘ˆ
ÿ ‘
Ò¯Û. —߶∑“π§◊ÕÕ–‰√ .................................................................................. Ò˘˜
Ò¯Ù. °¥‡ß‘π‰ª∑”∫ÿ≠ ....................................................................................... Ò˘¯
Ò¯ı. Õ“°“√¢π≈ÿ°™—π ..................................................................................... Ò˘˘
Ò¯ˆ. ∑“߉Àπ¥’ ................................................................................................ Ú
Ò¯˜. ‰¡à®√‘ß....‰¡à¡.’ ..‰¡àµÕ∫ ......................................................................... ÚÒ
Ò¯¯. ‡®â“§ÿ≥Õ“®“√¬å Õπ‰«â ......................................................................... ÚÚ
Ò¯˘. ∫√√≈ÿ∏√√¡µ—ß·µà‡°‘¥ .......................................................................... ÚÙ
È
Ò˘. Õ“™’æÀ¡Õ - Õ“™’æ欓∫“≈ ................................................................. Úı
Ò˘Ò. ª√“√∂π“‡¢â“∂÷ß∏√√¡ ............................................................................... Úˆ

13. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÒÛ
13
§µ‘∏√√¡ ¬Õ¥§«“¡¥’
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
¬Õ¥§«“¡¥’ Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë „® ¡‘„™àÕ◊Ëπ π‘«√≥åÀâ“ §◊Õ —≠≠“ ‡√◊ËÕ߇°à“„À¡à
○
○
○
Õ¬à“‰ª¬◊Ëπ „π —≠≠“ Õ“√¡≥åÀ≈ß ∑’√∫‡√â“
Ë ª√ÿß„® „À⧥º‘¥ ‘
○
○
○
µ—Èß„®¥Ÿ ≈¡À“¬„® „Àâ‡∑’¬ßµ√ß
Ë §◊Õ‚¡À– Õ«‘™™“ æ“¡◊¥¡‘¥
○
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≈¡¢÷π≈ß È ÕÕ°,‡¢â“ ‡∫“ ∫“¬. §«“¡‡ÀÁπ™—« ∑”≈“¬®‘µ „ÀâÀ¡Õß¡π.
Ë
○
○
○
µ—ß µ‘
È °”°—∫ ≈—∫°—π „Àâ‡ΩÑ“¥Ÿ ≈¡À“¬„® ‰ªÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
○
○
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‡¢â“-ÕÕ° —Èπ, ¬“«,·√ß ·µàߢ¬“¬ «‘µ°«‘®“√ ·µà∑’ˇ°’ˬ« ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈
○
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À¬“∫,ª√–≥’µ ‡∫“,Àπ—° ≈Õ߬—°¬â“¬ §◊Õªí®®ÿ∫—π ≈¡∑’‰À« „𰓬µπ
Ë
○
○
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Õ¬à“߉Àπ™Õ∫ ‡√“ ∫“¬ ∑”Õ¬à“ßπ—Èπ. ®‘µ®–æâπ ®“°∑ÿ°¢å ÿ¢ ‚ª√àß ‡∫“.
○
○
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π÷°éæÿ∑é ‡¢â“ ç‚∏é ÕÕ° ∑à“π∫Õ°‰«â √—µπ– ·°â«æ‘‡»… “¡ª√–°“√
○
○
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Õ¬à“·¢Áß≈¡ ¢à¡„® –°¥°≈—Èπ ´÷ß∑”„Àâ
Ë ‡∫‘°∫“π À“¬‚ßà‡¢≈“
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○
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ª≈àÕ¬°“¬„® ‰ªµ“¡ ¿“æ¡—π §◊Õ æÿ∑∏– ∏√√¡– —߶– ‡§≈â“
○
○
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„Àâ∏“µÿ¢—π∏å ‡ªìπ‡Õß Õ¬à“‡√àß√—¥. ®—°‡°‘¥„π µ—«‡√“ ‡ªìπ·πà·∑â.
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∑”„®«à“ß «“ß∑‘Èß ‘Ëß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ π’Ë·À≈– ç¬Õ¥ §«“¡¥’é ∑’˵âÕß°“√
○
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§◊Õª≈àÕ¬ª≈¥ ª«ß —≠≠“ À“∑“ßµ—¥ ´÷ßæ√–Õߧå ∑√ߪ√–∑“π ·°à‡√“·πà
Ë
○
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∑—ߥ’™«
È —Ë À≈—ßÀπâ“ “√æ—¥ ®—°¢â“¡æâπ ‚≈°‰¥â ‰¡àº—π·ª√
○
○
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µâÕß ≈—¥ ∑‘ÈßÀ¡¥ ߥ°“√§‘¥. µ°°√–· ÿ¢≈âπ æâπ‡°‘¥µ“¬.
○
Õ¿‘«≥≥“

14. ÒÙ
14 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ò. ∑”∫ÿ≠µà“ß°—π
§”∂“¡
°“√∑”∫ÿ≠‚¥¬∫√‘®“§∑√—æ¬å ‘ËߢÕß∂«“¬æ√– °—∫°“√
°≈à“«§”Õπÿ‚¡∑π“„π∫ÿ≠∑’˺âÕ◊Ëπ∑”®–‰¥â∫ÿ≠‡∑à“°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ¥‘©—π
Ÿ
‡§¬‰¥â¬‘π∫ÿ§§≈ºŸâÀπ÷Ëß查«à“‰¥â∫ÿ≠‡À¡◊Õπ°—π °“√°≈à“«§”
Õπÿ‚¡∑π“Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°Á ‰¥â∫ÿ≠‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß≈ß∑ÿπ À“°∫ÿ§§≈ºŸâ
°≈à“«ª√–‚¬§π—Èπ∑—Èß∑’˵π‡Õß¡’∑√—æ¬å®”π«π¡“° ‰¡à‡§¬∫√‘®“§
∑√—æ¬å ‘ËߢÕß„π°“√∑”∫ÿ≠ ·µà§Õ¬Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠®“°ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ
§”µÕ∫
‰¥â∫ÿ≠‡∑à“°—πµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕÕπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠·≈⫇°‘¥§«“¡Õ‘Ë¡„®
‡∑à“°—∫ºŸâ∫√‘®“§∑√—æ¬å ·µà ‰¥âÕ“π‘ ß åµà“ß°—πµ√ß∑’Ë ºŸâ∫√‘®“§
∑√—æ¬å®–¡’∑√—æ¬å‡ªìπ¢Õßµ—«‡Õß ‡Õ“‰«â®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬ à«πºŸâ∑’Ë
‰¥â∫ÿ≠®“°°“√Õπÿ‚¡∑π“®–‰¡à¡’∑√—æ¬å‡ªìπ¢Õßµ—«‡Õß ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ
µâÕß°“√®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬ ‘Ëß„¥®–¡’ºŸâÕÕ°∑√—æ¬å·∑π„Àâ
Ú. Õ∏‘…∞“π°—π§π≈–∑“ß
§”∂“¡
À“°™“¬À≠‘ߧŸÀπ÷ß ∑”∫ÿ≠∂«“¬¢Õß„Àâæ√– ߶å√«¡°—π
à Ë à
‚¥¬ΩÉ“¬™“¬‡ªìπºŸâ®—¥´◊ÈÕ¢Õß¡“·≈–™«πºŸâÀ≠‘ß∑”∫ÿ≠°√«¥πÈ”

15. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Òı
15
√à«¡°—π ΩÉ“¬™“¬§‘¥Õ¬“°‡ªìπ§Ÿà§√ÕßΩÉ“¬À≠‘ß„π™“µ‘Àπâ“ ·µà
ΩÉ“¬À≠‘ßÕ∏‘…∞“π«à“‰¡à¢Õ‡ªìπ§Ÿà§√Õß°—∫ΩÉ“¬™“¬ À«—߇撬ß
∑”∫ÿ≠‡∑à“π—Èπ ™“¬À≠‘ߧŸàπ’È ‰¡à‡§¬∑”∫ÿ≠Õ◊Ëπ√à«¡°—ππÕ°®“°
§√—Èßπ’È¢Õ‡√’¬π∂“¡«à“ ™“µ‘µàÕ‰ª ™“¬À≠‘ߧŸàπ’È®–‡°‘¥¡“‡ªìπ§Ÿà
§√Õß°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
Õ∏‘…∞“π°—π§π≈–∑“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ§”Õ∏‘…∞“π àߺ≈ ®–‰¡à
“¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®√à«¡°—π‰¥â
Û. ‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“߉√
§”∂“¡
∑’Ë ¢ ≥–π’È ¡’ ¢à “ «‡√◊Ë Õ ß®–‡Õ“»“ π“æÿ ∑ ∏∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ‰ «â „π
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ „À⻓ π“æÿ∑∏‡ªìπ»“ π“ª√–®”™“µ‘‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’º≈¥’
À√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√µàÕª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ „π∞“π–∑’Ë¥√. πÕß ‡ªìπæÿ∑∏
∫√‘…—∑·≈–¶√“«“ ¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπµàÕ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬à“߉√
§”µÕ∫
„§√¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“߉√¡—π∂Ÿ°¢Õ߇¢“ ·µàºŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“
‡ÀÁπ«à“∑ÿ°§π∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“∫πº◊π·ºàπ¥‘π‰∑¬ ≈â«πµà“߇ªìπ§π‰∑¬
‡À¡◊Õπ°—π °“√‡Õ“»“ π“æÿ∑∏¡“∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â „π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
‡æ’¬ß»“ 𓇥’¬« ‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”∑’𔉪 Ÿ°“√·µ°·¬° ®‘µ ”π÷°
Ë à
„π°“√‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬√à«¡°—π®–‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ

16. Òˆ
16 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ù. ∫“ª‡æ√“–Õ¬“°
§”∂“¡
„π‡√◊ËÕß Û ®—ßÀ«—¥¿“§„µâ∑’Ë¡’‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬Ÿà„π¢≥–π’È ¢â“懮â“
§‘¥«à“√—∞∫“≈®—¥°“√‡√◊ËÕßπ’șⓡ“° Õ¬“°„Àâ√—∞®—¥°“√‡√◊ËÕßπ’È„Àâ
‡¥Á¥¢“¥ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡™àππ’È∫“ªÀ√◊Õ‰¡à æ«°‚®√°àÕ°“√√⓬®–‰¥â
√—∫°√√¡Õ¬à“߉√ ™à«¬·π–π”«‘∏’«“ß„®°—∫‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬à“߉√¥’
§”µÕ∫
·§à§«“¡Õ¬“° (µ—≥À“) ¡“¡’Õ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õ„®°Á‡ªìπ∫“ª
Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« §‘¥·≈â«®‘µ„®‡»√â“À¡Õß°Á‡ªìπ∫“ª‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ’° §π∑’˶à“
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À¡Õßµ“¬·≈⫵âÕ߉ª‡°‘¥„π∑ÿ§µ‘¿æ
∂“¡«à“®–«“ß„®„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬à“߉√ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߉¡à¬“°‡≈¬
¢Õ‡æ’¬ß„Àâ¡’ µ‘√–≈÷°∑—π «à“‡¢“°”≈—ß„™âÀπ’ȇ«√°√√¡°—π §ÿ≥
‰¡à¡’Àπâ“∑’˵âÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ §ÿ≥‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºŸâ¥Ÿ µâÕ߉¡à ‰ª√à«¡«ß®√
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∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„Àâ¥∑ ¥ ‚¥¬‡¢â“‰ª√à«¡·°â ‰¢ªí≠À“„Àâ∂°µâÕß™Õ∫∏√√¡
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17. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Ò˜
17
ı. »’≈¢“¥-»’≈¥à“ßæ√âÕ¬
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π÷°‰¥â‡«≈“„¥°Á “¡“√∂°√«¥πÈ”Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈‰¥â‡«≈“π—Èπ
‡«≈“∑’Ë®‘µ®¥®àÕÕ¬Ÿà°—∫°“√∑”ß“π ‰¡à “¡“√∂°√«¥πÈ”‰¥â ‡«≈“
πÕπÀ≈—∫®‘µ¢“¥ µ‘‰¡à “¡“√∂°√«¥πÈ”‰¥â ‡«≈“∑’Ë®‘µ∑‘Èߢ—π∏å
≈“‚≈°‰ª·≈â«®‘µ‰¡à¡‡§√◊Õß¡◊Õª√–°Õ∫°√√¡ ‰¡à “¡“√∂°√«¥πÈ”‰¥â
’ Ë

18. Ò¯
18 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
˜. »“≈æ√–¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–»“≈‡®â“∑’Ë
§”∂“¡
„π»“ π“æÿ ∑ ∏®”‡ªì π ®–µâ Õ ß √â “ ß»“≈æ√–¿Ÿ ¡‘ · ≈–
»“≈‡®â“∑’Ë„π∫√‘‡«≥∫â“πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
¯. ®‘µ¡’°’Ë¥«ß
§”∂“¡
¡πÿ…¬å¡’®‘µ¥«ß‡¥’¬«À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬¥«ß§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
·µà≈–¢≥–®‘µ∑’¡°“√‡°‘¥ ¥—∫ ®‘µ‰ª∑”Àπâ“∑’µ“ß Ê °—π
Ë ’ Ë à
§π√Ÿâ ‰¡à®√‘ß®÷ß ¡¡ÿµ«à“®‘µ¡’À≈“¬¥«ß ·∑â®√‘ß·≈â«®‘µ¡’¥«ß‡¥’¬«
À“°ª√– ߧ宖‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡®√‘߇√◊ËÕßπ’È µâÕßæ—≤π“®‘µ„À⇢â“∂÷ß
ªÿæ‡æπ‘«“ “πÿ µ‘≠“≥‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ‰√·≈â« ®–√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ‡¢â“„®§«“¡®√‘ß
¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß«à“ ·µà≈–¿æ∑’Ë®‘µ‡«’¬π‰ª‡°‘¥¡’‡æ’¬ß√Ÿªπ“¡‡¥’¬«
‡∑à“π—Èπ

19. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Ò˘
19
˘. Ÿß„π¥â“π‰Àπ
§”∂“¡
®‘ µ „ ¥ „ π ®— ° √ « “ ≈ À √◊ Õ π Õ ° ®— ° √ « “ ≈ ∑’Ë Ÿ ß ° «à “
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“¡’‰À¡§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
Ÿß„π¥â“π‰Àπ ∂â“ Ÿß„π¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ‡™à𧫓¡‡ªìπ
—ææ—≠ꟷ≈⫉¡à¡’„§√ Ÿß°«à“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“
Ò. ‡°‘¥‡¡◊ËÕ‡Àµÿªí®®—¬∂÷ßæ√âÕ¡
§”∂“¡
—µ«å‡¥√—®©“π √«¡∂÷ß¡¥-·¡≈ß¡’‚Õ°“ ¡“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ
¡πÿ…¬åÀ√◊Õ‰¡à§– ‡æ√“–∑√“∫«à“æ«°π’È ‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ∑”§«“¡¥’§à–
§”µÕ∫
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Ë Ë í
¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â

20. Ú
20 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÒÒ. ‡µ√’¬¡µ—«°àÕ𵓬
§”∂“¡
Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“∂â“√Ÿâ«à“µπ‡Õß®–µâÕ߇ ’¬™’«‘µ ‚¥¬∑’ˬ—ß
‰¡à‡§¬Ωñ° ¡“∏‘¡“°àÕπ®–¡’«‘∏’°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“߉√ °àÕπ ‘Èπ„®
§à– À√◊Õ∂Ⓡ√“¡’≠“µ‘À√◊Õ§π∑’√®°πÕπ√Õ§«“¡µ“¬ „°≈â®– ‘π„®
Ë âŸ — È
‡√“§«√®–™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„Àâ „®‡¢“ ß∫·≈–«‘≠≠“≥‰ª Ÿà¿æ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë¥’
‰¡à¡’Àà«ß‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√§–
§”µÕ∫
„Àâ√–≈÷°∂÷ß∫ÿ≠ (¥Ÿ∫ÿ≠°‘√‘¬“«—µ∂ÿ Ò Àπâ“ ÒÙÙ) ∑’Ë ‰¥â
∑”‰«â·≈â«°àÕ𵓬 ‡¡◊ËÕµ“¬·≈â«®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à„π¿æ∑’Ë¥’
‰¥â ®–™à«¬§π∑’ËπÕπ√Õ§Õ¬§«“¡µ“¬ µâÕß∑”„À⇢“¡’®‘µ ß∫
¥â«¬°“√„À⇢“√—∫º— –¥’ Ê ‡™àπøí߇ ’¬ß «¥¡πµå ‡Õ“√Ÿªæ√–
Õ√‘¬– æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª œ≈œ «“߉«â„πµ”·Àπàß∑’ˇ¢“‡ÀÁπ‰¥â∫àÕ¬ Ê
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥º— –¥’‰«â‡ ¡Õ µ“¬·≈â«¡’‚Õ°“ ‰ª‡°‘¥„π∑’Ë¥’‰¥â
°àÕπ∑’Ë®–查Ֆ‰√ „Àâ∂“¡µ—«‡Õß«à“∑’Ë®–查π’È®”‡ªìπÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈à“
∂Ⓣ¡à®”‡ªìπ°ÁÕ¬à“查 π’ˇªìπ¢—Èπ·√°„π°“√Õ∫√¡„®
‡æ√“–∂Ⓡ√“§«∫§ÿ¡ª“°µ—«‡Õ߉¡à‰¥â‡√“®–§«∫§ÿ¡„®‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√œ

21. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÚÒ
21
ÒÚ. ‚Õ°“ ¥’°«à“
§”∂“¡
™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ𒇪ìπ‡∑»°“≈‡™Á߇¡âß (‰À«â∫√√æ∫ÿ√…∑’ “π)
È ÿ Ëÿ
·≈⫵—«‡Õ߉¥â≈ß∑–‡∫’¬π≈à«ßÀπⓇæ◊Õ¡“øíß∫√√¬“¬∏√√¡„π«—ππ’È
Ë
·µà∑“ß∫â“π°Á®–‰ª‡™Á߇¡âß´÷߇¡◊ÕÕ“∑‘µ¬å°Õπ°Á‰ª (¡’À≈“¬∑’) µ—«
Ë Ë à Ë
‡Õ߉¥â ‰ª¥â«¬ ·µà«—ππ’È ‰¡à ‰¥â ‰ª‡æ√“–®–¡“øíß∏√√¡ §ÿ≥·¡à°Á‰¡à
§àÕ¬æÕ„® ∂“¡«à“‡™Á߇¡â߉ª‰À«âµ“ °—∫¡“øíß∏√√¡Õ–‰√ ”§—≠
°«à“ ‡√“°ÁµÕ∫‰ª«à“øíß∏√√¡ ”§—≠ ·µà°Á ‰¡à§àÕ¬·πà„®«à“µÕ∫
‰ª·∫∫π’È∂Ÿ°À√◊Õº‘¥ ‡æ√“–°“√‰ª‰À«â∑’Ë ÿ “π°Á¡’≠“µ‘§πÕ◊Ëπ Ê
‰ª°—π¡“°·≈â« ·≈â«æÕ«—πµ√ß°Á ‰À«â∑’Ë∫â“πÕ’° ·µà°“√øíß∏√√¡
∑’ˇªìπ°“√®—¥«—ππ’È«—π‡¥’¬« ·≈–À“°µàÕ Ê ‰ª ‡¡◊ËÕ®–¡“øíß∏√√¡
·≈â«¡’‡Àµÿµ¥∏ÿ√– (ª√–‡¿∑‰¡à„™à‡Àµÿ ”§—≠‡∑à“‰À√à ‡™àπ ß“π‡≈’¬ß)
‘ È
„™â«‘∏’§‘¥·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘·∫∫„¥®÷ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß
§”µÕ∫
°“√‰ª‰À«â‡™Á߇¡âß ‰¥âÕ“π‘ ß åπâÕ¬°«à“°“√øíß∏√√¡
‡æ√“–°“√øíß∏√√¡‡ªìπ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß øíß∏√√¡
·≈â«æ‘®“√≥“µ“¡‚¥¬·¬∫§“¬ ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“∂÷ß∏√√¡‰¥â ∑’˧ÿ≥
‡≈◊Õ°∑“ß™’«µ¥â«¬µ—«§ÿ≥‡Õßπ—Èπ∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈â«
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‰ª°’Ë«—¥°’Ë«—¥ √«¡·≈â«°Á«—¥‡¥’¬«π–≈– §◊Õ«—¥µ—«‡√“œ

22. ÚÚ : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
22
ÒÛ. ®‘µ¡¥®‘µ§π
§”∂“¡
®‘µ„π¡¥ °—∫®‘µ„π§π¡’¢π“¥‡¥’¬«°—π‰À¡
§”µÕ∫
µà“ß°—π∑—Èß¢π“¥·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡
ÒÙ. ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ µ‘
§”∂“¡
¢—ÈπÕ√‘¬¡√√§ ®–¡’ ‘∑∏‘Ï≈ßÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘‰À¡ (¬—߉¡à‡¢â“∂÷ß
Õ√‘¬º≈ ·µàµ“¬°àÕπ)
§”µÕ∫
µ“¬¢≥–∑’Ë®‘µ®¥®àÕ ( µ‘) Õ¬Ÿà°—∫Õ√‘¬¡√√§ ®–‰¡à≈ß
‰ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘ ¢≥–„¥∑’®µ‰¡à®¥®àÕÕ¬Ÿ°∫Õ√‘¬¡√√§
Ë‘ à—
·µà®¥®àÕÕ¬Ÿà°—∫Õ°ÿ»≈∏√√¡ µ“¬·≈â«¡’ ‘∑∏‘Ï≈߉ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπ —µ«å
„πÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡‘‰¥â

23. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 23
ÚÛ
Òı. ∫ÿ≠‰¡à‡µÁ¡√âÕ¬
§”∂“¡
°“√∫√‘®“§‡ß‘π¢Õßµπ‡Õ߇æ◊ËÕ°“√°ÿ»≈ ·µà≈ß™◊ËÕπâÕß
„π°“√ÕÕ°„∫‚¡∑π“∫—µ√ (‡æ√“–πâÕß„™â‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π„π°“√≈¥
¿“…’‰¥â) Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“ºŸâ∫√‘®“§·≈–πâÕß®–‰¥â√—∫ à«π°ÿ»≈À√◊Õ
Õ°ÿ»≈·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߉√
§”µÕ∫
∑—È ß æ’Ë · ≈–πâ Õ ß‰¥â ∫ÿ ≠ ‰¡à ‡ µÁ ¡ √â Õ ¬ ‡æ√“–§‘ ¥ ‡Õ“„∫
Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫—µ√‰ª≈¥¿“…’ §«“¡µ√–Àπ’Ë (°‘‡≈ ) ®÷߇¢â“¡“¡’
à«π√à«¡„π∫ÿ≠∑’Ë∑” °“√π”Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫—µ√‰ª≈¥¿“…’ „§√¥’„®
¡“°°«à“ §ππ—Èπ‰¥â∫ÿ≠πâÕ¬°«à“ °“√∫√‘®“§∑√—æ¬å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√°ÿ»≈
„§√¡’§«“¡Ωíß„®„π°“√°√–∑”¡“°°«à“ §ππ—π‰¥â∫≠°ÿ»≈¡“°°«à“ È ÿ
∑à“πæàÕ‡§¬ª√“√¿‡√◊ËÕߧπ
∑’˵âÕß„Àâ§√Ÿ∫“Õ“®“√¬å·°âªí≠À“„π™’«‘µ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß«à“
ç ‡À¡◊Õπ≈Ÿ°À¡“ æÕ¡’¢’ȵ‘¥µŸ¥Õ¬Ÿàπ‘¥Àπ÷Ëß°ÁµâÕß√’∫«‘Ë߉ªÀ“·¡à
‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°≈â“ßµ—«‡Õß∫â“ß Õ¬à“ßπ’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ≈Ÿ°·Àßà‡≈’Ȭ߉¡à ‚µ —°∑’œ é

24. ÚÙ
24 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Òˆ. µâÕ߇°‘¥ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âß
§”∂“¡
Ωñ°π—Ëß ¡“∏‘∑ÿ°§◊π‚¥¬°”Àπ¥æÿ∑‚∏®‘µ„® ß∫∑”‰¥â Ò
π“∑’ Ú π“∑’‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡¢â“„®«à“π’ˇªìπ ¡∂°√√¡∞“π ·µà¬—ß‰¡à
‡¢â“„®«‘ªí π“°√√¡∞“π«à“§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°µÕππ—Èπ®–‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√
‡æ√“–µ—«‡Õ߬—߉¡à∂ßµÕππ—π ®–‰¥âÕ–‰√¡“°°«à“§«“¡ ß∫„π„®
÷ È
§”µÕ∫
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘°√√¡∞“π·≈â«„Àâº≈‡ªì𮑵 ß∫ π—Ëπ§◊Õ ¡∂
°√√¡∞“π À“°¢¬“¬°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ÕÕ°‰ª‡ªì𫑪í π“°√√¡∞“π
®π‡°‘¥‡ªìπªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âߢ÷Èπ·≈â« ¡’Õ“π‘ ß å¡“°°«à“ ‡æ√“–
®‘µ‡ÀÁπ √√æ ‘Ë߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈â«¥—∫‰ªµ“¡°Æ‰µ√≈—°…≥å ®‘µª≈àÕ¬
«“ߺ— – ®‘µ‡ªìπÕ‘ √–‰¡à∂Ÿ°§√Õ∫ß”¥â«¬‚≈°∏√√¡·≈–«—µ∂ÿ
Õ‘ √– ÿ¢‡°‘¥¢÷È𠇪ìπ ÿ¢∑’Ë≈–‡Õ’¬¥°«à“ª√–≥’µ°«à“¬◊𬓫°«à“
ß∫ ÿ¢
§π‡√“∑ÿ°§π°ÁÕ¬Ÿà „π∫—≠™’µ“¬ æÕ‡°‘¥¡“‡√“°Á‡¢â“§‘«
√Õ‡¢“ª√–À“√™’«‘µ ®–∂÷ßµ—«‡√“‡¡◊ËÕ‰√°Á ‰¡à¡’ „§√√Ÿâ
©–π—Èπ ‡√“®–ª√–¡“∑‰¡à‰¥â
µâÕß√’∫ √â“ߧ«“¡¥’¢Õ߇√“„Àâ∂÷ßæ√âÕ¡œ

25. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 25
Úı
Ò˜. ∫“ªÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”∂“¡
°“√¶à“ —µ«å¡’™’«‘µ‡ªìπ∫“ª À“°«à“ ç‡√“„™â¬“¶à“À≠â“
¶à“µâπÀ≠â“„π π“¡„π∫â“π¢Õ߇√“é Õ¬“°∂“¡«à“∫“ªÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
„™â¬“©’¥¶à“À≠â“„π π“¡∫â“π‰¡à∂◊Õ‡ªìπ∫“ª·µàÀ“°¬“
¶à“À≠Ⓣª∑”„Àâ —µ«å (·¡≈ß ‰ ⇥◊Õπ °‘Èß°◊Õœ≈œ) µâÕßµ“¬
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ∫“ª
Ò¯. °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ
§”∂“¡
ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ°—π¡“°¡“¬ à«π„À≠à∫Õ°«à“
‡ª≈’ˬπ·≈â«®–¥’¢÷Èπ √«¬¢÷Èπ ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‡™àπ‰√§à–
§”µÕ∫
§π®–¥’ §π®–√«¬ ¡‘‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ·µàÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë
°“√°√–∑”¢ÕߺŸâπ—Èπµà“ßÀ“° §◊ÕµâÕß √â“߇Àµÿ„Àâ∂Ÿ°µ√ß ‡Àµÿ
∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥‡ªì𧫓¡√Ë”√«¬ §◊ÕµâÕß„Àâ∑“π ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’Ë∑“π„Àâº≈
·≈â«√«¬·πàπÕπ ‡Àµÿ∑Ë’∑”„À⥒§◊ÕµâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘®‘µµ¿“«π“ ‡¡◊ËÕ
„¥°“√∑”®‘µµ¿“«π“‰¥âº≈·≈â« ™’«‘µ¥’·πàπÕπ

26. Úˆ
26 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ò˘. ‡∑«µ“πÿ µ‘
§”∂“¡
¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‡™àπ‰√°—∫°“√·¢«πÕߧåæàÕ®µÿ§“¡√“¡‡∑æ
§”µÕ∫
∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë·¢«πÕß§å ¡¡ÿµ‘¢Õß®µÿ§“¡√“¡‡∑扫â∑’˧Õ
·≈â«¡’®‘µ√–≈÷°∂÷ߧÿ≥∑’Ë∑”§π„À⇪ìπ‡∑«¥“‰¥â ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√
‡®√‘≠ µ‘·∫∫Àπ÷Ëߧ«√√–≈÷°∫àÕ¬ Ê √–≈÷°„ÀâµàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߬“«π“π
À“°∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« °“√‡Õ“√Ÿª ¡¡ÿµ‘¢Õß®µÿ§“¡√“¡‡∑æ¡“
·¢«π‰«â∑’Ë§Õ ®–‡°‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå°—∫ºŸâ·¢«π‰¥â
»‘…¬å§πÀπ÷Ë߇≈à“„Àâ∑à“πæàÕøíß∂÷ߪí≠À“∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬·À≈à
∑’ˇ¢â“¡“‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê „π∑’Ë∑”ß“π µ—«‡Õß°ÁÕ¬“°®–≈“ÕÕ°
Õ¬Ÿà‡ß’¬∫ Ê ·µà°Á≈“‰¡à‰¥â
∑à“πæàÕ®÷ß·π–π”«à“
ç„π‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“µâÕßÕ¬Ÿà°—∫¡—π‡√“µâÕß√Ÿâ®—°„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊Õ¡—π
‡√“®÷ß®–Õ¬Ÿà‰¥âœ

27. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Ú˜
27
Ú. «‘∏’ª≈Õ¥Àπ’È
§”∂“¡
欓¬“¡¢¬—π∑”ß“π‡æ◊ËÕ„™âÀπ’È ‘π∑ÿ°∫“∑∑’Ë¡’¡“ ·µà¥Ÿ
‡À¡◊Õπ¬‘Ëß™¥„™â°Á¬‘Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¡’‡Àµÿ∑’ˇªìπ‡√◊ËÕߧբ“¥∫“¥µ“¬‡¢â“¡“
‡ ¡Õ Ê
§”∂“¡ µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘∏√√¡¢âÕ„¥‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°√√¡
‡À≈à“π’ÈÕ¬à“¡’´È”·≈–À¡¥≈ß‚¥¬‡√Á«∑’Ë ÿ¥ªí®®ÿ∫—π欓¬“¡π÷°∂÷ß
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“«à“æ√–Õߧ庮≠¡“¬‘Ëß°«à“‡√“À≈“¬‡∑à“π—°
§”µÕ∫
¢¬—π∑”ß“ππ—Èπ¥’·≈â« ∂â“®–„À⥒¢÷Èπ µâÕߢ¬—π„Àâ∑√—æ¬å
(‡∑à“∑’Ë∑”‰¥â) ‡ªìπ∑“π°—∫§πÀ¡Ÿà¡“° °—∫ºŸâ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ Ÿß °—∫ºŸâ∑’Ë
ÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘ œ≈œ ¢¬—πª√–À¬—¥°“√®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬‡∑à“
∑’®”‡ªìπ·≈–¡’ “√–·∑â®√‘ß ÿ¥∑⓬µâÕߢ¬—π„™âÀπ’È ‰ª‡√◊Õ¬ Ê „π
Ë Ë
∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á®–ª≈Õ¥®“°Àπ’È ‰¥â
‡®ÕÕÿª √√§Õ–‰√ ‡√“°ÁµâÕß Ÿâ
∂Ⓡ√“¬Õ¡·æâ‡Õ“ßà“¬ Ê ‡√“®–µâÕß·æâ Õ¬Ÿà‡√◊ËÕ¬œ

28. Ú¯
28 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÚÒ. µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘®‘µµ¿“«π“
§”∂“¡
¨“π Ò, Ú, Û, Ù ¡“∫—µ‘ Õ¿‘≠≠“≠“≥ ‰¥â¬‘π∫àÕ¬ Ê
«à“‡¢â“∂÷߬“° ∑√“∫«à“‡¢â“Õ¬à“߉√ ®–»÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‰¥â®“°
‰Àπ ·≈–‡¢â“·≈â«®–∑√“∫‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√«à“π’˧◊Õ ¨“≥Õ–‰√
§”µÕ∫
°“√‡¢â“∂÷ߨ“π ¡“∫—µ‘ °“√‡¢â“∂÷ßÕ¿‘≠≠“ °“√‡¢â“
∂÷ß≠“≥®–‡¢â“∂÷߉¥â¥â«¬°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘®‘µµ¿“«π“‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à
“¡“√∂‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß ‰¥â ¥â « ¬°“√Õà “ π®“°µ”√“ °“√øí ß ®“°ºŸâ ¡’
ª√– ∫°“√≥å∫Õ°‡≈à“ ºŸâ„¥ªØ‘∫µ∂°µ√ß·≈–‡¢â“∂÷ß¡√√§º≈·≈â«
— ‘Ÿ
®–√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ‡¢â“„® „π ¡¡ÿµ‘∫—≠≠—µ‘∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ߢâ“ßµâπ¥â«¬µ—«ºŸâ
ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡Õß ( π⁄∑Ø∞‘‚°) ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß°“√§”Õ∏‘∫“¬Õ◊Ëπ„¥ ¡“‡ªìπ
‘
‡§√◊ËÕ߬◊π¬—π π—∫ πÿ𧫓¡‡¢â“„®π—Èπ
ÚÚ. ®‘µ∑’˵—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘
§”∂“¡
®‘µæ—≤𓉪∂÷ß√–¥—∫‰Àπ ®÷ß®–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂®—¥
√–∫∫√à“ß°“¬‰¥â‡™àπ §≈’˧≈“¬‡´≈≈å¡–‡√Áß À√◊Õ∑”„À⺡ÀßÕ°
°≈—∫¥” º‘«Àπ⓺ÿ¥ºàÕß ¥„ §à–

29. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : 29
Ú˘
§”µÕ∫
®‘µæ—≤π“∂÷ß√–¥—∫∑’˵—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘ °Á “¡“√∂®—¥
√–∫∫√à“ß°“¬‰¥â·≈â«¥—ß∑’»“ µ√“®“√¬å𓬷æ∑¬å‡©≈’¬ «—™√æÿ°°å
Ë Ë
‡¢’¬π‰«â „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ç∏√√¡™“µ‘™’«‘µ§πé «à“ §π∑’Ë¡’®‘µµ—Èß¡—Ëπ
‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘
à«π∑’Ë≈¥
- Õ—µ√“°“√À“¬„® - °“√‡µâπ¢ÕßÀ—«„®
- ·√ߥ—π‡≈◊Õ¥ - °“√„™âÕÕ°´‘‡®π
- “√ lactate „π‡≈◊Õ¥ .... ‡°√Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰¡à®—∫µ—«
- “√ norepinephrine .... ≈¥°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÀ—«„®
œ≈œ
à«π∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡
- “√ endorphins .... ‡§≈‘∫‡§≈‘È¡
- “√ aeetylcholine .... ª√– “∑‰«¢÷Èπ
- “√ dopamine .... §«“¡®”¥’¢÷Èπ
- “√ serotonin .... πÕπÀ≈—∫¥’¢÷Èπ
- “√ melatonin .... ·°à™â“≈ß
œ≈œ
Õπ÷Ë ß ºŸâ µ Õ∫ªí ≠ À“‰¥â ‡ §¬æŸ ¥ §ÿ ¬ °— ∫ ™“«Õ‡¡√‘ °— π ∑’Ë ¡ “
∫«™‡ªìπ¿‘°…ÿ ß¶å ‰¥â‡®√‘≠ µ‘®π®‘µµ—ß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘‰¥â·≈â« ∑”„Àâ
È Ë
‚√§‡π◊ÕßÕ°„π ¡ÕßÀ“¬‰ª æ√–ªÉ“∑’‡¢â“π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µπ“π Û «—π
È Ë ‘
‡¡◊ËÕÕÕ°®“°π‘‚√∏ ¡“∫—µ‘·≈â«‚√§¡“‡≈‡√’¬À“¬‰ª µ√’¡“∫«™
‡ªìπ™’ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡·≈â« ‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫µà“ß Ê ∑’ˇ§¬‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π
√à“ß°“¬À“¬‰ª

30. Û
30 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÚÛ. —¡º— ‰¥â™â“°«à“
§”∂“¡
‡«≈“π—Ëß ¡“∏‘ Õ“°“√∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°µ—««à“ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‰ª¡“° ·≈–
∫“ߧ√—Èß°Áµ—«„À≠à‚µ „™àªïµ‘À√◊Õ‰¡à§– ∂â“„™à∑”‰¡¢â“懮ⓇՓ®‘µ
‰ª§‘¥‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ ·≈⫪ﵬ—ßµ—Èß¡—ËπÕ¬Ÿà ‰¥â§–
‘
§”µÕ∫
À“°‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπªïµ‘‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ‡Õ“®‘µ
‰ª§‘¥‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ ·≈⫧«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°π—Èπ¬—ߧßÕ¬Ÿà · ¥ß«à“ªïµ‘¬ß‰¡à∂Ÿ°
—
≈∫„Àâ À ¡¥‰ª®“°„® ‡Àµÿ ‡ °‘ ¥ ‡æ√“–®‘ µ ‡°‘ ¥ ¥— ∫ ‡√Á « √–∫∫
ª√– “∑µ“¡ —¡º— ‰¡à∑—π ®÷߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ Ú ª√“°Ø°“√≥凰‘¥¢÷Èπ
ÚÙ. ∑”‡Àµÿ„Àâµ√ß
§”∂“¡
‡§¬øíß∏√√¡–æàÕ Õπ≈Ÿ° ¡’Õ¬Ÿà™à«ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë查«à“ ™“µ‘π’È
‡°‘¥‡ªìπºŸâÀ≠‘ß À“°Õ∏‘…∞“π¢Õ‡°‘¥‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬„𙓵‘µàÕ‰ª ¡’
ªí®®—¬Õ–‰√∫â“ß∑’Ë®– àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥µ“¡§”Õ∏‘…∞“π
§”µÕ∫
°àÕπÕ∏‘…∞“πµâÕß √â“ß¡À“∑“𠇙àπ ‡≈’Ȭßæ√– ˜ «—π
√â“ß‚√ß∑“𠇪ìπ‡®â“¿“æªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡ œ≈œ ∑”®‘µµ—«‡Õß„Àâ¡’
»’≈·≈– —®®– ·≈â«Õ∏‘…∞“π‡°‘¥‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬ ÿ¥∑⓬µâÕß∑”‡Àµÿ

31. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÛÒ
31
„Àâµ√ß„π°“√‡°‘¥‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬ ‡™àπ√‘‡√‘Ë¡∑” ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê ¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß
π”¡«≈™π∑” “∏“√≥ª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ°—∫§πÀ¡Ÿà¡“°œ≈œ
Úı. æÿ∑∏‘®√‘µ
§”∂“¡
Õÿ∫“¬∑’®–∑”„À⮵π‘ߢÕßæÿ∑∏®√‘µ¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ߧ√—∫ ·≈–
Ë ‘ Ë
·∫∫‰Àπ¥’§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
ºŸ¡æ∑∏‘®√‘µ ¡’Õ∫“¬∑“ß„®∑’®–∑”„À⮵µ—ß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘
â ’ ÿ ÿ Ë ‘ È Ë
“¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’ Õ“∑‘ ‡æàß° ‘≥ ¥‘π πÈ” ‰ø ≈¡ · ß
«à“ß ∑’Ë«à“ß À√◊Õæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ߧ«“¡µ“¬∫àÕ¬ Ê À√◊Õæ‘®“√≥“
∏√√¡∑’Ë√–ß—∫°‘‡≈ ·≈–§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∫àÕ¬ Ê À√◊Õæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß
§«“¡ °ª√°¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“πÀ√◊Õ‡®√‘≠ µ‘®π‡¢â“∂÷ß
Õ√Ÿª¨“πœ≈œ
∂“¡«à“·∫∫‰Àπ¥’ µâÕßµÕ∫«à“¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ °√√¡
∞“π∫∑„¥∑’§≥π”¡“„™âªØ‘∫µ·≈â«∑”„À⮵µ—ß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘‰¥â‡√Á«
Ë ÿ — ‘ ‘ È Ë
°√√¡∞“π∫∑π—Èπ‡À¡“–°—∫§ÿ≥
»‘…¬åÕ’°§πÀπ÷Ëß¡“∫àπ°—∫∑à“πæàÕ«à“ ∑—Èß„π∫â“π ∑—Èß„π∑’Ë∑”ß“π
µ—«‡ÕßµâÕ߇®Õ·µàªí≠À“Àπ—° Ê ·∑∫‡ªìπ·∑∫µ“¬∑—Èßπ—Èπ
∑à“π®÷ß∫Õ°«à“ ç‡√“‡ªìπ§π®√‘ß ®÷ßµâÕ߇®Õ¢Õß®√‘ßœ

32. ÛÚ
32 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Úˆ. ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕ߇¢“
§”∂“¡
Õ¬“°„ÀâÕ“®“√¬å‡¡µµ“™à«¬„À⧔·π–π”„π°“√„Àâ “¡’
≈∫≈â“ߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπº‘¥∑’Ë¡“√¥“¢Õß “¡’‰¡à ‰¥â‡≈’ȬߥŸ·≈–∑Õ¥∑‘Èß
‰ªµ—Èß·µà«—¬‡¥Á° ‡°√ß«à“®–‡ªìπ∫“ªµ‘¥µ—« “¡’‰ªµ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ
·≈–‰¥â‡§¬™«π‰ª°√“∫∑à“πÀ≈“¬ Ê §√—Èß ·µà “¡’¬ß‰¡à¬Õ¡‰ª
—
¢Õ∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å‡¡µµ“¥â«¬§à–
§”µÕ∫
—µ«å‚≈°‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡°√√¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ§ÿ≥∫Õ°·≈⫇¢“‰¡à‡™◊ËÕ
·≈–‰¡à∑”µ“¡ °Á‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕ߇¢“ ·¡â·µàæ√–æÿ∑∏–¬—ß¡‘Õ“®
™à«¬„§√‰¥â·∑â®√‘ß ∑à“π‡ªìπ‰¥â‡æ’¬ßºŸâ™’È∑“ß∫ÿ≠∑“ß∫“ª„Àâ°—∫
—µ«å‚≈° à«π„§√®–‡™◊ËÕ·≈â«∑”µ“¡ À√◊Õ‰¡à‡™◊ËÕ·≈–‰¡à∑”µ“¡
°Á‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘Ï¢Õ߇¢“ ∫ÿ§§≈‡™àππ’Èæ√–æÿ∑∏–∑à“πª≈àÕ¬«“ß„À⥟
‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“߉«â·≈â«
¡’§π¡“ª√“√¿°—∫∑à“πæàÕ«à“ Õ¬“°®–∑”∫ÿ≠«—π‡°‘¥
∑à“π°Á∫Õ°«à“ ç∑”‰¡µâÕß∑”«—π‡°‘¥ ∑”«—πÕ◊Ëπ‰¡à‡ªìπ∫ÿ≠À√◊Õ
§‘¥Õ¬“°®–∑”∫ÿ≠‡¡◊ËÕ‰√ °Á „Àâ√’∫∑”«—ππ—Èπ
Õ¬à“‰ª√Õ«—π‡°‘¥°«à“®–∂÷ß«—π‡°‘¥
‡√“Õ“®®–∂÷ß«—𵓬π—Ëπ·À≈–œ

33. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÛÛ
33
Ú˜. ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥¡“®“°‰Àπ
§”∂“¡
µ“¡∑’ Õπ°—π¡“§πµ“¬·≈⫉¡àÀ¡¥°√√¡®–‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à
Ë
Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“ª√–™“°√∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“°°«à“§πµ“¬ ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥∑’Ë¡“
‡°‘¥„À¡à‡ªìπ§π¡“®“°‰Àπ§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥¡“®“°°“√µ“¬¢Õß —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¿æµà“ß Ê
„π —ß “√«—Ø ª√–°Õ∫°—∫¡’‡Àµÿªí®®—¬≈ßµ—« ®÷ß¡“ªØ‘ π∏‘·≈â«
‡°‘¥‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â
Ú¯. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â
§”∂“¡
„π™à«ß™’«µ«—¬‡¥Á°∂÷ß«—¬°≈“ߧπ√—°…“»’≈ ı ‰¡à§√∫∂â«π
‘
·µà ‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡»÷°…“∏√√¡–·≈–µ—Èß„®√—°…“»’≈ ı ‰¥â§√∫∂â«π‡¡◊ËÕ
‡¢â“ Ÿà«—¬ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ √—°…“»’≈ ¯ ∑ÿ°«—πæ√– ·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘¿“«π“®–
¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â ‰ª Ÿà ÿ§µ‘¿Ÿ¡‘À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
À“°‰¥â∂◊ժؑ∫—µ‘‡™àππ’È ‰ªµ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ µ“¬·≈â«‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë
®–‰ª‡°‘¥„π ÿ§µ‘¿æ‡ªìπ‰¥â

34. ÛÙ
34 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Ú˘. º‘¥»’≈À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”∂“¡
‡æ◊ËÕπ§ŸàÀπ÷Ëß ·µàßß“ππ“π·≈â«¡’≈Ÿ°¬“° À¡Õ®–∑”
°‘øøá„Àâ ‚¥¬‡≈’Ȭߵ—«ÕàÕπÀ≈—ß®“°º ¡„πÀ≈Õ¥·°â«·≈â« Ú §Ÿà
ÿ¥∑⓬®–‡≈◊Õ°§Ÿà∑’Ë·¢Áß·√ß∑’Ë ÿ¥‰ªΩ“°‰«â „π¡¥≈Ÿ° ‡æ◊ËÕπ∑’Ë®–
∑”π’È∂“¡«à“·≈⫉¢à+‡™◊ÈÕ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ Ò˘ §Ÿà®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ §ÿ≥À¡Õ
µÕ∫«à“‰¡à„™â·≈â«°Á∑‘È߉ª Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“ ‰¢à·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ∑’˺ ¡·≈â«¡’
«‘≠≠“≥§√Õß·≈â«À√◊Õ¬—ß ∂â“¡’·≈â«°“√∑”‡™àππ—Èπ‡∑à“°—∫ °√–
∑”ª“≥“œ ‡ªìπ°“√º‘¥»’≈‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
‰¢à∑Ë∂Ÿ° ‡ªî√塺 ¡·≈â« Ò˘ §Ÿà ∑’ˬ—ßÕ¬Ÿà„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
’
¬—߉¡à¡’ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥‡¢â“Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ®÷߬—߉¡à∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ë¡’
√Ÿªπ“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à „ ™â „π°“√∑”°‘øøá·≈â«À¡Õ∑‘È߉ª ‰¡à
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√º‘¥»’≈¢âÕª“≥“µ‘∫“µ
»‘…¬å∑’ˇªìπ§π™à“ß查‡§¬∂Ÿ°∑à“πæàÕ‡µ◊Õπ«à“
çÕ¬à“„Àâ≈¡ÕÕ°¡“°π– ≈¡ÕÕ°¡“°‰¥âÕ–‰√¢÷Èπ¡“
¡’·µà‡√◊ËÕß „Àâ°”Àπ¥≈¡‡¢â“®–¥’°«à“œ

35. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Ûı
35
Û. „ÀâÕ¿—¬∫àÕ¬ Ê
§”∂“¡
°“√‡®√‘ ≠ æ√À¡«‘ À “√ Ù πÕ°®“°°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡
§«“¡À¡“¬ ·≈â«¡’ ‘Ëß„¥∑’ËπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ°«à“π’È ‰À¡§à– ∑√“∫«à“æ√–
ß¶å ”π—°ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡À≈“¬√Ÿª ¡—°°≈à“««à“ §«√‡®√‘≠æ√À¡
«‘À“√‡ªìππ‘®
§”µÕ∫
∑’Ë™—¥‡®π¬‘Ëß°«à“π’ȧ◊ÕµâÕß„ÀâÕ¿—¬‰¥â∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë¡’ ‘Ëߢ—¥„®
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ®‘µ„®®–¡’§«“¡ ß∫‡¬Áπ “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡·≈–
∫√√≈ÿ¡√√§º≈‰¥âßà“¬
∑à“πæàÕ‡§¬ª√“√¿π—°ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’ˬ—ßπ—∫∂◊Õ§π‡¢â“∑√ß «à“
ç∂⓵âÕß°“√„Àâ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥âº≈¥’µâÕßÕ∏‘…∞“π«à“
®–¢Õ∂◊ÕÕߧåæ√– —¡¡“ —¡æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ÷ËßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ‰¡à „™à∑’Ëæ÷Ëßœ

36. Ûˆ
36 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÛÒ. ·ºà ‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‡¡µµ“
§”∂“¡
√Ÿâ«à“µ—«‡Õß¡’æ◊È𮑵‡ªìπ‚∑ –®√‘µ ∑√“∫«à“∏√√¡–§◊Õ
燡µµ“é ®–™à«¬‰¥â·µà¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ ‰¡à‡¢â“„® «à“®–·ºà‡¡µµ“Õ¬à“߉√
Õ“®“√¬å¡’«‘∏’™à«¬„À⇢Ⓞ®·≈–„™â‡¡µµ“„Àâ∑—π√–ß—∫‚∑ –∑’ˇ°‘¥
‰¥â¡—Ȭ§√—∫
§”µÕ∫
°àÕπ®–·ºà‡¡µµ“„À⺟âÕ◊Ëπ„Àâ —µ«åÕ◊Ëπ µâÕß √â“߇¡µµ“
„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫®‘µ„®µ—«‡Õß„Àâ ‰¥â°àÕπ ¥â«¬°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬‡ªìπ∑“πÕ¬Ÿà
‡ ¡Õ®π‡ªìπª°µ‘π ¬ ºŸâ„¥¡’‡¡µµ“Õ¬Ÿà„π„®·≈â« §«“¡‚°√∏ §«“¡
‘—
Àßÿ¥Àß‘¥§«“¡‡∫◊ËÕÀπà“¬®–‰¡à¡’„πºŸâπ—Èπ ºŸâ¡’‡¡µµ“®÷ß “¡“√∂
Õÿ∑‘»·ºàÀ√◊Õ„À⇡µµ“·°àºŸâÕ◊Ëπ —µ«åÕ◊Ëπ Ê ¥â«¬°“√°≈à“«§”«à“
ç¢Õ∑à“π®ß‡ªìπ ÿ¢ ‰¡à¡’‡«√¿—¬„¥ Ê µàÕ°—πé
ÛÚ. ∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’
§”∂“¡
«‘∏’°“√·°â‚∑ – ¡’Õ¬à“߉√∫â“߉¡à∑√“∫«à“¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ ¢—Èπ
·√° ¢—Èπ°≈“ß ·≈–°“√ ‘Èπ ÿ¥‰ª·Ààß‚∑ –

37. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Û˜
37
§”µÕ∫
«‘∏’·°â‚∑ – ∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’‡™à𠇮√‘≠‡¡µµ“¥â«¬°“√
„ÀâÕ¿—¬‡ªìπ∑“π „ÀâÕ¿—¬∑ÿ°§√—ß∑’¡‡Àµÿ¢¥„®‡°‘¥¢÷π À√◊Õ‡æàß° ‘≥
È Ë’ — È
‚¥¬‡Õ“¥‘πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”À√◊Õ‰ø À√◊Õ≈¡ ¡“‡ªìπÕߧå∫√‘°√√¡∫àÕ¬ Ê
∑”‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®π°√–∑—Ëß®‘µµ—Èß¡—Ëπ‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘‰¥â·≈â«‚∑ –®–À“¬
‰ª ·≈–¥’ ∑’Ë ÿ ¥ À“°‰¥â ‡ ®√‘ ≠ «‘ ªí π“¿“«π“ ®π®‘ µ ‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß
ªí ≠ ≠“‡ÀÁ π ·®â ß ·≈â « „™â ªí ≠ ≠“‡ÀÁ π ·®â ß ¥— ∫ Õ— µ µ“ ¥â « ¬°“√
æ‘®“√≥“¢—π∏å ı „À⥗∫‰ªµ“¡°Æ‰µ√≈—°…≥å ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’Õ—µµ“
‚∑ –®–‰¡à‡°‘¥
ÛÛ. ‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ°‰¥â∫ÿ≠¡“°°«à“
§”∂“¡
∂ⓇՓ‡ß‘π∑’Ë “¡’„Àâ „™â (‡ß‘πª√–®”‡¥◊Õπ) ‰ª∑”∫ÿ≠
·≈â«∫Õ° “¡’∑ÿ°§√—Èß ·≈⫇¢“‡ÀÁπ¥’¥â«¬ ‡¢“®–‰¥â∫ÿ≠¡“°°«à“
·§àÕπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
‰¥â∫ÿ≠¡“°À√◊Õ‰¥â∫ÿ≠πâÕ¬ §«“¡»√—∑∏“°àÕπ∑”∫ÿ≠
§«“¡µ—Èß„®¢≥–∑”∫ÿ≠ §«“¡Õ‘Ë¡„®À≈—ß®“°∑”∫ÿ≠ „§√¡’¡“°
°«à“§ππ—Èπ‰¥â∫ÿ≠¡“°°«à“
°“√‡ÀÁπ¥’¥â«¬‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕߪí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ° “¡’¢Õß
§ÿ≥¡’ªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ∂Ÿ° ‡¢“®–‰¥â∫ÿ≠¡“°°«à“°“√Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠

38. Û¯
38 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÛÙ. ®‘µ§‘¥‰ª‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”∂“¡
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘«‘ªí π“À“°¡’ ‘ËßÀ√◊Õπ‘¡‘µ„¥ Ê ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡Õß
‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â°”Àπ¥„À⇰‘¥‡™àπ§√Ÿ∫“Õ“®“√¬åÀ√◊Õæ√–Õ√‘¬ ߶塓
Õ∫√¡ —Ëß Õπ‡√“∂◊Õ«à“®‘µ§‘¥‰ª‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’˧ÿ≥ “¡“√∂¥—∫°“√§‘¥ª√ÿß·µàß ( —ߢ“√) ¢Õß
®‘µ‰¥â ¥â«¬°“√„™âªí≠≠“‡ÀÁπ·®âßæ‘®“√≥“ —ߢ“√ ®π°√–∑—Ëß
‡ÀÁπ —ߢ“√‡ªìπÕπ—µµ“‰¥â·≈â« π‘¡‘µ¢Õߧ√Ÿ∫“Õ“®“√¬åÀ√◊Õæ√–
Õ√‘¬ ߶å∑Ë¡“„Àâ°“√Õ∫√¡ —Ëß Õπ§ÿ≥π—Èπ‡ªì𧫓¡®√‘ß
’
Ûı. ‰¥â√—∫Õ“π‘ ß å‡¡◊ËÕÕπÿ‚¡∑π“
§”∂“¡
ºŸ∑∫√‘®“§‚≈À‘µ ¥«ßµ“ ·≈–√à“ß°“¬ (‡ªìπÕ“®“√¬å„À≠à)
â ’Ë
®–‰¥âÕ“π‘ ß åÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈–∫‘¥“¡“√¥“≠“µ‘æ’ËπâÕß®–‰¥â√—∫
Õ“π‘ ß å¥â«¬À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
°“√∫√‘®“§‚≈À‘µ ∫√‘®“§¥«ßµ“ ∫√‘®“§√à“ß°“¬ ®—¥
‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ∑“πÕÿª∫“√¡’ Õ“π‘ ß å∑’˺Ÿâ∫√‘®“§®–‰¥â√—∫„π°“≈¢â“ß

39. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : Û˘
39
Àπⓧ◊Õ§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„π ‘ß∑’Ë„Àâ à«π§πÕ◊π‡™àπ ∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ À√◊Õ
Ë Ë
≠“µ‘æπÕß®–‰¥â√∫º≈·Ààß∫ÿ≠π’È ‰¥â µâÕßÕπÿ‚¡∑π“„π ‘ß∑’§≥∑”
’Ë â — Ë Ë ÿ
Ûˆ. ‚Õ°“ ¡’À√◊Õ‰¡à
§”∂“¡
∂Ⓡ√“¡’≠“µ‘∑Ë’‡ ’¬™’«‘µ‰ª·≈â«·≈–‰¡à√Ÿâ«à“‡¢“‰ªÕ¬Ÿà¿æ
¿Ÿ¡‘„¥ ∂Ⓡ√“À¡—Ëπ∑”∫ÿ≠„À⇢“¡“° Ê ‡¢“®–¡’‚Õ°“ ¡“‡°‘¥„π
¿æ∑’Ë¥’ Ê ‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
§”µÕ∫
¥Ÿµ«Õ¬à“ß≠“µ‘¢Õߢÿπ§≈—ß (Õ¥’µ¢Õßæ√–‡®â“æ‘¡æ‘ “√)
—
∑’Ë ‰ª‡°‘¥‡ªìπ‡ª√µ ‡¡◊ËÕæ√–‡®â“æ‘¡æ‘ “√ √â“ß«—¥‡«Ãÿ«—π∂«“¬
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“·≈–æ√– “«°·≈⫉¥âÀ≈—ß∑—°…‘‚≥∑° (°√«¥πÈ”) ‰ª
Ë
„Àâ ‡ª√µ‰¥âÕπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠®÷߉¥â ‰ª‡°‘¥„π¿æ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ§◊Õ ‡°‘¥„π
«√√§å¡’«‘¡“πÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ©–π—Èπ∑’Ë∂“¡‰ªÀ“°≠“µ‘‰ª‡°‘¥„π∑ÿ§µ‘
¿æ·≈– “¡“√∂¡“Õπÿ‚¡∑π“∫ÿ≠‰¥â ‡¢“°Á¡’‚Õ°“ ‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à„π
¿æ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ‰¥â µàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ∫ÿ≠¡’¡“°æÕ∑’Ë®– àߺ≈∂÷ß À√◊ÕÀ“°°àÕπ
µ“¬≠“µ‘‰¥â∑”∫ÿ≠ —Ëß ¡‰«â „𮑵«‘≠≠“≥¢Õ߇¢“Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ·≈â«
‡¢“µ“¬‰ª¡’‚Õ°“ ‰ª‡°‘¥„π¿æ∑’Ë¥’‰¥â

40. Ù
40 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Û˜. ‰¡à√à«¡«ß®√Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡
§”∂“¡
¡’ § π¡“ª√÷ ° …“«à “ ºŸâ ∫— ß §— ∫ ∫— ≠ ™“¢Õ߇¢“‰¡à ∫ √‘ ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï
∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π (‡ß‘π¢Õß∑’Ë∑”ß“π) ‡¢“‡≈¬§‘¥®–≈“ÕÕ° ·µà°Á‰¡à
·πà„®«à“®–À“ß“π„À¡à ‰¥â‡√Á« ·≈–‡¢“¡’¿“√–√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¡“° ¥‘©π —
∫Õ°„À⇢“∑”‰ª°àÕπ ·µà„Àâ√—°…“µ—«‡ÕßÕ¬à“‰ª√à«¡°—∫‡®â“π“¬
„π‡√◊ËÕߺ‘¥ ·≈–Õ¬à“¬‘π¥’‡«≈“‡®â“𓬄Àâ≈“¿¥â«¬ªí®®—¬∑’Ë ‰¡à∂Ÿ°
µâÕß ·µà°Á¬—ß ß —¬«à“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕ߇æ◊ËÕπ§ππ’ȧ«√∑”Õ¬à“߉√ °√“∫
‡√’¬π™à«¬„Àâ∏√√¡–¥â«¬ (ºŸâ∂“¡µâÕß°“√∑” ‘Ëß∑’Ë®–𔉪 Ÿà
π‘ææ“π„πÕ𓧵)
§”µÕ∫
ªØ‘ ‡ ∏‰¡à √— ∫ ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ∫ √‘ ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï ‰ ¥â ‡ ªì π °“√¥’ À“°
ªØ‘‡ ∏‰¡à ‰¥â‡æ√“–®”‡ªìπµâÕß√—∫ µâÕ߉¡à¬‘π¥’°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ë ‰¥â ‰¡àπ”
∑√—æ¬å∑’Ë ‰¥â ‰ª„™â à«πµ—«‡æ√“–‡ªìπ°“√√à«¡«ß®√Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡°—∫
ºŸâ „Àâ √—∫·≈â«π”‰ª∫√‘®“§„À⇪ìπ “∏“√≥°ÿ»≈·≈â«Õÿ∑‘»∫ÿ≠°ÿ»≈
„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ¡’ à«π‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß∑√—æ¬å ºŸâ√—∫°Á®–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®“°∫“ª∑’Ë
®–µ“¡¡“„Àâº≈„π«—π¢â“ßÀπâ“
√â“ßæ√–‰«â „π„®¢Õ߇√“ ‰¥â∫ÿ≠¬‘Ëß°«à“ √â“ßæ√–¢â“ßπÕ°œ

41. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÙÒ
41
Û¯. ‰¡à¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥å
§”∂“¡
§π∑”¡‚π¡¬‘∑∏‘ ¢÷Èπ‰ªÀ“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ §◊Õ‰ª·¥π
π‘ææ“π®–∂Ÿ°µâÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à§– ‡¢“ “¡“√∂¡’æ√–∏“µÿ‡ ¥Á®‰ª¥â«¬
(·µàµÕπÀ≈—ß¡“∑”¡‚π¬‘∑∏‘)
§”µÕ∫
¡‚π¡¬‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¡’ § «“¡À¡“¬«à “ ¡’ ƒ ∑∏‘Ï ∑ “ß„® “¡“√∂
‡π√¡‘µ°“¬∑‘æ¬åÕÕ°®“°°“¬À¬“∫‰¥â ‡ªìπ‚≈°‘¬Õ¿‘≠≠“µ—«
Àπ÷Ëß„π«‘™™“ ¯ ®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâµÕ∫ªí≠À“∫Õ°«à“
Õ¿‘≠≠“µ—«π’È¡’®√‘ß ·µà ‰¡à¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥å ‰ª·¥πæ√–π‘ææ“π®÷ß
‰¡à “¡“√∂µÕ∫‰¥â
à«π‡√◊ËÕßæ√–∏“µÿ‡ ¥Á®¡“À√◊Õ‡ ¥Á®‰ª ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß
‡¢â“∂÷ß¡‚π¡¬‘∑∏‘ °Á “¡“√∂ —¡º— ‰¥â¥â«¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑¢Õß
¡πÿ…¬åºŸâ‡ªìπªÿ∂ÿ™π‰¥â
ÀŸ‡√“°Á¡’ Ú ÀŸ ª“°°Á¡’ª“°‡¥’¬«
· ¥ß«à“‡√“µâÕßøíß„Àâ¡“° µâÕß查„ÀâπâÕ¬œ

42. ÙÚ
42 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
Û˘. µâÕ߇¢â“∂÷ß ¡“∏‘ Ÿß ÿ¥
§”∂“¡
Õ¬“°∑√“∫«à“Õ“°“√¢Õߧπ∑’Ë ‰¥â¨“π‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√§–
°“√¥Ÿ®‘µ®–‰¥â¨“π‰À¡§–
§”µÕ∫
§π∑’æ≤π“®‘µ„Àâ¡ µ‘µß¡—π‡ªìπ ¡“∏‘®π‡¢â“∂÷ߨ“π‰¥â
Ë — ’ —È Ë
®–¡’Õ“√¡≥娓πª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ„𮑵¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢â“∂÷ß ‡™à𠨓π∑’Ë Ò ¡’
«‘µ° «‘®“√ ªïµ‘ ÿ¢ ‡Õ°—§§µ“ ¨“π∑’Ë Ú ¡’ªïµ‘ ÿ¢ ‡Õ°—§§µ“
¨“π∑’Ë Û ¡’ ÿ¢°—∫‡Õ°—§§µ“ ¨“π∑’Ë Ù ¡’Õÿ‡∫°¢“°—∫‡Õ°—§§µ“
ºŸâ¡’®‘µ‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¨“π‡∑à“π—Èπ ∑’Ë®–√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ‡¢â“„®„πÕ“√¡≥å
¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂àÕß·∑â
°“√¥Ÿ ®‘ µ ¥â « ¬ªí ≠ ≠“‡ÀÁ π ·®â ß ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß
Õ“√¡≥娓π‰¥â ‡æ√“–°”≈—ß ¡“∏‘¬—ߢ÷Èπ‰¡à∂÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥ ·µàÀ“°
‡®√‘≠ µ‘®π°√–∑—ß®‘µ‡¢â“∂÷ߧ«“¡µ—ß¡—π Ÿß ÿ¥ (Õ—ªªπ“ ¡“∏‘) ‰¥â
Ë È Ë
Õ“√¡≥娓π®÷ß®–ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ
‡√“‡ªìπºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡ ‰¡àµâÕ߉ªÕ—»®√√¬å „§√∑—Èßπ—Èπ
«à“‡¢“¥’«‘‡»…«‘‚ ·§à‰Àπ ®–∑”Õ–‰√°ÁµâÕß¡’À≈—°œ

43. π ∑ π “ ¿ “ … “ ∏ √ √ ¡ ‡ ≈à ¡ ˜ : ÙÛ
43
Ù. Õ“™’梓¬ª√–°—π
§”∂“¡
¥‘©—π¡’Õ“™’梓¬ª√–°—π™’«‘µÕ“™’æπ’È¡’º≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë®–
µ° ŸÕ∫“¬¿Ÿ¡·≈–º‘¥»’≈¡√√§¡’Õß§å ¯ „π¢âÕ —¡¡“Õ“™’æÕ¬à“߉√
à ‘
‡æ√“–‡«≈“¢“¬ª√–°— π ®–µâ Õ ß„™â §”æŸ ¥ À«à “ π≈â Õ ¡À√◊ Õ ¬°
µ—«Õ¬à“ßµà“ß Ê „Àâ§≈âÕ¬µ“¡‡æ◊ËÕ®Ÿß„®≈Ÿ°§â“„Àâ´◊ÈÕª√–°—π ·≈–
µâÕß∫√‘°“√≈Ÿ°§â“À≈—ß°“√¢“¬·µà∂â“À≈ÿ¥®“°Õ“™’扪°àÕπ®–¡’
º≈°√√¡Õ¬à“߉√
§”µÕ∫
¢≥–查™’È·®ß≈Ÿ°§â“ µâÕß· ¥ß‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢„Àâ§√∫∂â«π
µ√߉ªµ√ß¡“ ‡¡◊ËÕ≈Ÿ°§â“‡¢â“„®∑ÿ°ª√–‡¥Áπ æÕ„®¢âÕ‡ πÕ·≈–
µ—¥ ‘π„®´◊ÈÕª√–°—π·≈â« À“°¡’‡Àµÿ°“√≥å „¥‡°‘¥¢÷Èπµ√ßµ“¡
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢ µâÕß„Àâ∫√‘°“√≈Ÿ°§â“Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µ√ß·≈–‰¡à≈à“™â“Õ¬à“ßπ’È
π—∫‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ —¡¡“Õ“™’«–§◊Õ‰¡àº‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‰¡àº‘¥»’≈·≈–‰¡àº‘¥
∏√√¡
À“°§ÿ≥µâÕßÀ≈ÿ¥®“°Õ“™’æπ’È ‰ª°àÕπ ·≈⫧πÕ◊Ëπ¡“∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë·∑π·≈–‰¡à∫√‘°“√∂Ÿ°µ√ßµ“¡∑’˧ÿ≥™’È·®ß‰«â ∫“ª®–µ°
∂÷ߧÿ≥‰¥â „π°√≥’„Àâ —≠≠“‰«â°—∫≈Ÿ°§â“ ·≈⫉¡à√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫≈Ÿ°§â“
„Àâ§√∫‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢ „π«—π¢â“ßÀπⓇ¡◊ËÕ‡Àµÿªí®®—¬≈ßµ—« Õ°ÿ»≈«‘∫“°
°Á®–µ“¡¡“„Àâ§ÿ≥µâÕß™¥„™â

44. ÙÙ
44 : w w w. k a n l a y a n a t a m. c o m
ÙÒ. ‡®“–ÀŸ„À⥟ߓ¡
§”∂“¡
°“√‡®“–ÀŸ„Àâ§π «¬ß“¡‚¥¬‰¡à§‘¥§à“‡®“– ®–¡’«‘∫“°
°√√¡‰À¡§–
§”µÕ∫
°“√°√–∑”∑ÿ°™π‘¥¥â«¬°“¬ ¥â«¬«“®“ ¥â«¬„® ≈â«π¡’
«‘∫“°√ÕÕ¬Ÿà¢â“ßÀπâ“ °“√‡®“–ÀŸ„Àâ·≈¥Ÿ «¬ß“¡‡ªìπ°“√√à«¡
«ß®√Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡ Õ°ÿ»≈°√√¡∑’Ë®–µ“¡¡“„Àâ§ÿ≥µâÕ߉¥â√—∫ §◊Õ
¡’®‘µ‡ªìπ∑“ ¢Õß√“§–
ÙÚ. µâÕß≈Õßµ“¬
§”∂“¡
≈Ÿ°∑√“∫«à“∑ÿ°§πµâÕßµ“¬ ·µà°àÕπ®–µ“¬≈Ÿ°‡§¬‡ÀÁπ
§π®–µ“¬«à“∑√¡“π¡“° ∑”Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–¢®—¥§«“¡°≈—«π’È ‰¥â§–
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¢®—¥§«“¡°≈—«µ“¬‰¥â µâÕß≈Õßµ“¬„À⇪ìπ°àÕ𵓬®√‘ß