More Related Content Similar to Ap Chap 34 The Vertebrates (20) Ap Chap 34 The Vertebrates6. Fig. 34-2 Lobed fins Legs Amniotic egg Milk Jaws, mineralized skeleton Lungs or lung derivatives Vertebral column Head Notochord Common ancestor of chordates ANCESTRAL DEUTERO- STOME Echinodermata (sister group to chordates) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, chimaeras) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Urochordata (tunicates) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontida (lampreys) Mammalia (mammals) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Reptilia (turtles, snakes, crocodiles, birds) Chordates Craniates Vertebrates Gnathostomes Lobe-fins Osteichthyans Tetrapods Amniotes 8. Fig. 34-3 Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Anus Muscular, post-anal tail Pharyngeal slits or clefts Notochord Mouth Muscle segments 11. Fig. 34-4 Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Notochord Tail Cirri Mouth Pharyngeal slits Digestive tract Atrium Atriopore Segmental muscles Anus 2 cm 13. Fig. 34-5 Tunic Water flow Excurrent siphon Atrium An adult tunicate Pharynx with slits Anus Atrium Excurrent siphon Incurrent siphon to mouth Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Incurrent siphon Excurrent siphon Muscle segments Notochord Tail Stomach Intestine Intestine Esophagus Stomach Pharynx with slits A tunicate larva 15. Fig. 34-6 BF1 Brain of vertebrate embryo (shown straightened) Hindbrain Forebrain Midbrain Nerve cord of lancelet embryo BF1 Hox3 Otx Otx Hox3 17. Fig. 34-7 Migrating neural crest cells Notochord Dorsal edges of neural plate Neural crest Neural tube 25. Other armored, jawless vertebrates had defensive plates of bone on their skin Fig. 34-12 Pteraspis Pharyngolepis 31. Fig. 34-15 Pelvic fins Pectoral fins (c) Spotted ratfish ( Hydrolagus colliei ) (a) Blacktip reef shark ( Carcharhinus melanopterus ) (b) Southern stingray ( Dasyatis americana ) 38. Fig. 34-16 Intestine Adipose fin (characteristic of trout) Cut edge of operculum Swim bladder Caudal fin Lateral line Urinary bladder Pelvic fin Anus Dorsal fin Spinal cord Brain Nostril Gills Kidney Heart Liver Gonad Anal fin Stomach 40. Fig. 34-17 (a) Yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ) (b) Clownfish ( Amphiprion ocellaris ) (c) Sea horse ( Hippocampus ramulosus ) (d) Fine-spotted moray eel ( Gymnothorax dovii ) 47. Fig. 34-25 Yolk sac Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid Chorion Amnion Albumen Yolk (nutrients) Allantois Embryo Shell 49. Fig. 34-27 (a) Tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ) (c) Wagler’s pit viper ( Tropidolaemus wagleri ) (b) Australian thorny devil lizard ( Moloch horridus ) (e) American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) (d) Eastern box turtle ( Terrapene carolina carolina ) 53. Fig. 34-28 (a) Wing (b) Bone structure (c) Feather structure Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3 Palm Hook Vane Barbule Barb Shaft Wrist Forearm Shaft 55. Fig. 34-29 Airfoil wing with contour feathers Toothed beak Wing claw Long tail with many vertebrae 56. Fig. 34-30 (a) Emu (b) Mallards (c) Laysan albatrosses (d) Barn swallows 63. Fig. 34-34 Plantigale Marsupial mammals Eutherian mammals Marsupial mammals Eutherian mammals Marsupial mole Flying squirrel Sugar glider Deer mouse Mole Tasmanian devil Wombat Kangaroo Woodchuck Patagonian cavy Wolverine