Windmill project

1. WINDMILL
POWER GENERATION USING WIND
ENERGY
GUIDEDBY:-
Mr.DebiPrasannaNayak

2. Groupmembers:-
Sudhansu Sekhar Barik-33
Bismoy Mohanty-34
Amlanjyoti Khuntia-35
Prachi Pratyasha Deo-36
Samprati Patra-37
Asutosh Pradhan-38
Rudradev Chaterjee-39
Subhangi Pranigrahi-40
Abhilipsa Upadhyaya-41
Amlan Badu-42
Suchismita Palei-43
Pranab Kumar Panigrahi-44
Chandan Sasmal-45
Koustuv Sardar-46
Sunita Sundaray-47
Bidisha Jena-48
Sanjeebani Mohanta-49
Asutosh Sengupta-50
Biswaranjan Sahu -51
Nibedita Mishra-52
Kunil Kumar Hatua-53
Alekhika Pattnaik-54
Pratyush Mohanty-55
Biswajeet Mishra-56
Sipra Priyadarshini Rout-57
Sushree Swagatika Bastia-58
Deepak Kumar Sahoo-59
Priyansu Sekhar Mahakuda -60

3. Contents
Introduction
Design principle
Dynamo
Generator
Blades
The hub
Yawing
Tower height
Costs
Conclusion
Safety concerns

4. Introduction
 Electricity generation is the process of generating electric
energy from other forms of energy.
 The fundamental principles of electricity generation were
discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British
scientist Michael Faraday.
 Electricity is most often generated at a power station by
electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines
fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by
other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and
wind.
 Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form
of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity,
windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water
pumping or drainage,
or sails to propel ships.
 The total amount of economically extractable power available
from the wind is considerably more than present human power
use from all sources.

5. Design principle
 There are a lot of them out there in an amazing variety of
designs and complexities. All of them had five things in
common though:
1. A dynamo
2. Blades
3. A PVC pipe to get it up into the wind
 We reduced the project to just four little systems.
 The plastic blades attached with the alluminium plate
which is perpendicular to each other and fixed it on the
dynamo.
 The o/p terminal of the dynamo is connected to a bulb( ).
 When wind blows that plastic blade rotates and electricity
generates and lights up the bulb.

6. Dynamo
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.
Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric
power grids.
Electromagnetic generators fall into one of two broad
categories, dynamos and alternators
Dynamos generate direct current, usually with voltage
and/or current fluctuations, usually through the use of a
commutator.
Alternators generate alternating current, which may be
rectifiedby
another (external or directly incorporated) system.

7. Dynamo diagram

8. GENERATOR
The working of the dynamo follows the Faradays law
and lenz’s law.
Faradays law states that when the magnetic flux linkung
a circuit changes ,an electromotive force is induced in the
circuit proportional to the rate of change of the flux
linkage .
Lenz’s law states that the direction of an induced current
is always such as to the oppose the change in the circuit or
the magnetic field that produces it.

9. Blades
 In our model windmill 4 blades are used and placed
vertically supported by the aluminium plates which is
joined by iron angled clamps.
Blades are made up of ACP sheet.
The length of the individual blade is
The number of blades is selected for aerodynamic
efficiency, component costs, and system reliability.
Theoretically, an infinite number of blades of zero width
is the most efficient, operating at a high value of the tip
speed ratio, But other considerations lead to a
compromise of only a few blades.

10. BLADE DIAGRAM

11. The Hub
In our design windmill ,the blades are joined to the
dynamo by the alluminium plates which constitutes the
hub of the windmill.
The dynamo is placed on the PVC pipe through which
the wires are connected to the bulb.
In other more sophisticated designs, they are bolted to
the pitch mechanism, which adjusts their angle of attack
according to the wind speed to control their rotational
speed.

13. Yawing
By minimizing the yaw angle (the misalignment between wind
and turbine pointing direction), the power output is maximized
and non-symmetrical loads minimized.
However, since the wind direction varies quickly the turbine will
not strictly follow the direction and will have a small yaw angle on
average.
The power output losses can simply be approximated to fall with
(cos (yaw angle))3.
Particularly at low-to-medium wind speeds, yawing can make a
significant reduction in turbine output, with wind direction
variations of ±30° beingquite common and long response times
of the turbines to changes in wind direction. At high wind
speeds, the wind direction is less variable.

14. Tower height
Wind velocities increase at higher
altitudes due to surface aerodynamic
drag (by land or water surfaces) and the
viscosity of the air.
Doubling the altitude of a turbine, then,
increases the expected wind speeds by
10% and the expected power by 34%.
The height of the tower is same as that
of the AC outdoor unit.
The height of PVC pipe is 3.5ft.

15. Costs
The total money spent for the construction of the model
windmill is Rs 1412.
 In order to make the windmill we have collected some
itmes from the university campus like PVC pipes and
alluminium plates and ACP pipes are arranged.
Items like wires ,voltmeter, elbow shaped angles,
bulb,dynamo,M seal etc are bought from the market.

16. SAFETY CONCERNS
All wind turbines have a
maximum wind speed, called
the survival speed, at which
they will not operate above.
Proper safety measures
should be taken during
handling the electric wires.
Cutter should be used
carefully while cutting the
PVC pipes and ACP pipes.

17. CONCLUSION
There is lot of scope for renewable energy in the
coming future as the oil and the gas reserve are not
infinite.
So, in the long term it will be the backbone of our
energy generation.
As for now the COVID 19 pandemic is prevalent in the
whole world.A lot of industries have already shut down
due to the lock down situation prevalent in the country
and a lot of people have already faced losses in the
economic crisis. But there is an upportunity amongst this
unpleasant news .
So the government should use this upportunity to push
and focus more on the renewable energy industry.