Natural Disaster Recommendations Part 1 : worksheet task 1 : Complete with had to or should task 2 : If I were you " Rewrite using if I were you " Task 3: Find the silent letters in the transcribed words task 4: Write into the direct speech using the intorductory verbs task 5: safety rules and conducts in natural disaster ' earthquake' task 6: Writing anouncement preventing people from natural disasters Part2 : Passages about natural disasters with reading comprehension questions

1. 2AS: Safety rules and conduct in disasters & Had
better-ought to-should- if I were you... & natural disaster
passages with comprehension questions
Mr. Samir BOUNAB (yellowdaffodil66@gmail.com )
Models and their use
Had better vs Should
had better should
1.-only for a particular situation (not
for things in general);
Eg. It is cold today. You'd better take
your coat.
(particular situation)
1.-in all types of situation to give an
opinion or to give advice;
Eg. It often cold in April and you should
keep warm wearing. (in general)
2. - there is always a danger or a
problem if you do not follow the
advice and recommendations
Eg. You are not putting your safety
belt
You'd better put it before you start
driving..
(problem or danger)
2.-should only means 'it is a good
thing to do'
Eg. It's safety to drive with safety bell
You should always put it!
(no problem, no danger)
Task . Put in had better or should:
1. You ………………drive very carefully in rainy weather.
2. He………………not deal with these people. They are criminals.
3. You…………………..come and see our baby! She is so pretty.
4. I think you……………… work hard to get ready for the exams.
5.She………………start to work hard if she doesn't want to fail the exams.
6. Your mother ……………..take this medicine twice a day.
7. You………………..change your hairstyle or you will have problems at
work.
8. She……………….not wear this dress tonight. It is too tight.
It'll be difficult to dance in it.
9. It’s frosty today .The children…………………..stay-at-home.
10. We……………………go to the cinema tonight.
This film is said to be a bestseller.
If I were you + would +verb
Task : Rewrite the sentences using “if I were you……”
1. I’ve been feeling dizzy since last night
2. I’ve had a terrible headache
3. I’ve had a stomachache since yesterday.
4. I don’t understand English topics texts.
5. I could not sleep last night.
6. My mother is angry at me for something I said.
7. My computer isn’t working
8. I do not have enough money for this vacation.
Mr. Samir BOUNAB (yellowdaffodil66@gmail.com )
Task: Find the spelling of the transcribed words:
/huː/ ……/huːz/…………../huːm/…………../raɪt/…………
/klaɪm/ ………/krʌm/ ………… /kəʊm/ ………
/həʊp/………… /draɪv/………. /geɪv/ …………
/raɪt/…………/saɪt/………/ˈfɒrɪn/………/θɔːt/…….../laɪt/…
……../ˈaʊər/………../wəd/……../ʃʊd/………./aɪl/…………
/ˈfɑːsn/………
Task: Re-write into the direct speech
a. The thief admitted that he had stolen the bag.
b. The mother prayed/begged the doctor to save her son.
c. She apologized for being late.
d. She ordered him to go there.
e. He suggested going out for a walk.
f. She advised her girlfriend to consult a doctor.
g. She blamed him/her for breaking the vase.
h. Leila agreed that the flowers were beautiful.
Safety rules and conduct in disasters
Before & After an earthquake
What should I do before & after an earthquake?
1. check for building damage and potential problems during aftershocks
2. have an earthquake survival kit at hand
3. check for injuries
4. know how to turn off gas, water and electricity
5. plan emergency procedures
6. provide first aid
7. make plans to keep your family together
8. use telephone for emergency only
9. Know emergency telephone numbers (doctor, hospital…).
10. clean up dangerous spills
11. not anchor objects like bookcases and kitchen units to walls
12. Turn on the radio and listen for instructions from public safety
agencies.
13. not place objects over beds/ wear shoes
Before an earthquake After an earthquake
The task: Write a short announcement advertising the precaution that
people should take before, during and after an earthquake.
 Answer these questions then write the announcement using ‘had to –
should’
 To write an announcement many questions should answered
 To whom the announcement is addressed?
 Is such natural disaster common to your citizens?
 What things should considered before such natural disaster?
 How to behave during such disaster?
 What should you do after an earthquake?
VERB USE EXAMPLE
OUGHT TO
Deduction He has studied very hard, he ought to pass
the exam.
Assumption He ought to have received the parcel by now.
Advice You ought to go to the doctor’s.
You ought not to smoke so much.
Recommendation You ought to tell him the truth.
HAD BETTER
Advice You had better take those wet clothes off.
Recommendation You had better tell me the truth.
SHOULD
Assumption / deduction The plane should be landing now.
Advice You should go to the doctor’s.
Recommendation You should take one of these pills every day.
Necessity You should be wearing a coat, it’s very cold.
Obligation I should be studying but I’m too tired.
Prediction This should be a very good film.
Prohibition You should never repeat what you’ve just
said.

2. Natural disasters
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s
surface. They are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress.
More than a million earthquakes rattle the world each year.
Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last
less than one minute.
There are about 20 plates along the surface of the earth that move
continuously and slowly past each other. When the plates squeeze
or stretch, huge rocks form at their edges and the rocks shift with
great force, causing an earthquake.
The intensity of an earthquake can be measured. One
measurement is called the Richter scale. Earthquakes below 4.0 on
the Richter scale usually do not cause damage. Earthquakes over
5.0 on the scale can cause damage. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake is
considered strong and a magnitude 7.0 is a major earthquake.
Earthquakes are sometimes called temblors, quakes, shakers or
seismic activity.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten
rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up,
eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and
spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause
lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches,
falling ash and floods.
There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on the Earth. We
currently know of 80 or more which are under the oceans. Active
volcanoes in the U.S. are found mainly in Hawaii, Alaska,
California, Oregon and Washington. The world's largest, active
volcano is Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a large ocean wave usually caused by an underwater
earthquake or a volcanic explosion. Tsunamis are not tidal waves.
Tidal waves are caused by the forces of the moon, sun, and planets
upon the tides, as well as the wind as it moves over the water. With
typical waves, water flows in circles, but with a tsunami, water flows
straight. This is why tsunamis cause so much damage!
FLOOD
A flood results from days of heavy rain and/or melting snows, when
rivers rise and go over their banks.
WILDFIRE
A wildfire also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, vegetation fire,
grass fire, peat fire, bushfire (in Australia), or hill fire is an
uncontrolled fire often occurring in wildland areas, but which can
also consume houses or agricultural resources.
Common causes of wildfires include lightning, human carelessness,
arson, volcano eruption, and pyroclastic cloud from active volcano.
Although, more than four out of every five wildfires are caused by
people.
THUNDERSTORM
A thunderstorm is a storm with lightning and thunder. It is usually
accompanied by heavy rain and sometimes snow, hail, or no
precipitation at all.
LIGHTNING
Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm.
All thunderstorms produce lightning and are very dangerous.
Lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or
tornadoes; between 75 to 100 people.
TORNADO
A tornado is a violent rotating column of air extending from a
thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are
capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of up to 300
mph. They can destroy large buildings, uproot trees and hurl
vehicles hundreds of yards. In an average year, 1000 tornadoes are
reported nationwide.
HURRICANE
A hurricane is a huge storm! It can be up to 600 miles across and
have strong winds spiraling inward and upward at speeds of 75 to
200 mph. Each hurricane usually lasts for over a week, moving 10-
20 miles per hour over the open ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and
energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Evaporation from
the seawater increases their power. Hurricanes rotate in a counter-
clockwise direction around an "eye." The center of the storm or
"eye" is the calmest part. It has only light winds and fair weather.
When they come onto land, the heavy rain, strong winds and large
waves can damage buildings, trees and cars.
AVALANCHE
Avalanches are large areas of snow which slide down the side of a
mountain with tremendous force. They can uproot trees, destroy
buildings and kill people. In the USA more than 500 avalanches
have been recorded since 1950. An avalanche consists of three
parts. They tend to occur most in the Alpine countries of France,
Switzerland, Italy and Austria, but they also occur in other
mountainous countries. Many different factors, often in combination,
can contribute to causing an avalanche: the weather, the
temperature of the air and the snow, how steep the slope is,
whether the slope is on the north or south side of the mountain,
which way the wind is blowing, what type of land is under the snow
itself, and even whether there are many trees on the slope or not!
Sometimes it only takes a loud noise to trigger an avalanche.
COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Which natural disasters are you used to ?
2. What causes earthquakes?
3. What is a Richter scale?
4. What is a volcano?
5. What causes volcanic eruptions?
6. How many active volcanoes are there on the Earth?
7. Where can active volcanoes in US be found?
8. Which is the largest volcano on the Earth?
9. What is a tsunami?
10. What is the difference between a tidal wave and a tsunami?
11. What is a wildfire?
12. What causes wildfire?
13. What is a thunderstorm?
14. What is a thunderstorm accompanied by?
15. What is a lightning?
16. What is a tornado?
17. Which wind speed can a tornado reach?
18. What is a hurricane?
19. How long does a hurricane usually last?
20. How do hurricanes gain heat and energy?
21. What is the center of the hurricane called?
22. What happens when a hurricane comes onto land?
Mr.Samir BOUNAB (yellowdaffodil66@gmail.com