Medicine, Dosage calculation and administration drugs used in pregnancy in Bangladesh context. midwifery

1. WELCOME TO MY CLASS
Presented By : Saifun Nehar
Roll No : 06
Diploma In Midwifery
3rd year
Dinajpur Nursing College, Dinajpur

2. Medicine, Dosage calculation and
administration drugs used in pregnancy
in Bangladesh context.
TOPIC NAME

3. Medicine
01
A medicine is a preparation
containing one or more drugs
mixed in a suitable dose and
from supplied in a container in
an appropriate level which is
used to treat disease.
Dose
02
Amount of drug or
medicinal preparation to be
administrated at one time is
called dose.
Dosage
03
Determination of the amount,
frequency and number of drug
for a patient is called dosage

4. Dosage calculation
Paediatric drug dosage rules:
Young’s rule-
Child’s age in year
Child’s dose = ------------------------------ x adult dose
Child’s age in year + 12
Dilling’s dose – Child’s age in year
Child’s dose = ------------------------- x adult dose
20
If the adult dose of phenobarbital is 15 mg what will be the dose for an 8 year old child?
Young’s rule 8
= ------------------- x 15
8 + 12
8
= --------- x 15 = 6 mg
• 20

5. Dilling’s rule
child’s age in year
= ----------------------- x adult dose
20
8
= -------- x 15
20
= 6 mg

6. Drugs Administration
Routes of Drug administration:
1. Systematic
Enteral – (Gastro-intestinal Tract)
Sublingual
Oral
Rectal
A route of administration in pharmacology and
toxicology is the way by which a drug, fluid , paison, or
other substance is taken into the body .

7. B. Parenteral – ( others then GI Tract)
Injection-
- Subcutaneous
-Intra-arterial
-Intra-venous (IV)
-Intra- muscular (IM)
Inhalation-
- As aN2O,Chloroform.
- As an aerosol – salbutamol

8. Local routes-
-Topical application
e.g= ointment, paste, drop etc.
02

9. Oral Route
 Safe , Cheap,
convenient.
 No Disturbance of daily
activity.
 Ambulatory patient can
take it.
 No need to take
maximum sterility.
 Hypersensitivity less.
 Foul smelling irritant drug
can not given.
 Can not given in
unconscious patient.
 Vomiting patient can not
take.
 Can not give in emergency
condition due to delay
action.
 Drug may be destroy by
gastric juice.
Advantage of oral route : Disadvantage of oral route:

10. Sublingual Route:
 Rapid onset of action.
 Self medication is
possible.
 Not destroy by gastric
juice.
 Painless
 No gastric irritation.
 Foul smelling drug can not
used.
 Water soluble drug can not
given.
 Irritating drug can not used.
Advantage of Sublingual
Route
Disadvantage of Sublingual
Route:

11. Rectal Route:
 Avoid gastric irritation.
 Suitable for unconcious
patient , older people and
children.
 Not Destroyed by gastric
juice.
 Patient may be
embarrassed.
 May irritate rectal mucosa.
 Not suitable for the
diarrhoea patient.
Advantages of Rectal Route Disadvantages of Rectal Route:

12. Intravenous Route:
 Rapid onset of action.
 100% bio-availability.
 Can be given in
emergency or
unconscious patient.
 Large amount of drug can
be given.
 Avoidance of gastric
irritation.
 Strict aseptic procedure
needed.
 Skilled hand is necessary.
 Chance of hypersensitivity
reaction.
 Chance of complication .
 Expensive.
Advantages of Intravenous
Route
Disadvantages of Intravenous
Route:

13. Intramuscular Route:
 Rapid onset of action.
 Suitable for irritant drug.
 Moderate volume of drug
can be used.
 Prolong activity.
 Expensive and painful.
 Possibility of nerve and
vessel injury.
 Self medication is not
possible.
Advantages of Intramuscular
Route
Disadvantages of Intramuscular
Route:

14. Subcutaneous Route:
 Slow action.
 Self medication may be
possible.
 Painful.
 Large volume of drug can
not be used.
Advantages of Subcutaneous
Route
Disadvantages of Subcutaneous
Route:

15. Local Route:
 Local desired action.
 Lower risk of side effect.
 Easy to apply.
 Suitable for self
medication.
 Drug may cause local
irritation.
 Most drugs have a high
molecular weight and are
poorly lipid soluble, so are
not absorbed via skin or
mucous membrane
Advantages of Local Route Disadvantages of Local Route:

16. Vedio

17. Drugs used in pregnancy
 Antibiotics:
Ceflaxin, Cephradine, Cefotoxime, Cefotoxime, Azithromycine,
Ceftraixone,Amoxicillin.
 Anti ulcer drugs:
Ranitidine, Lansoprazole, Gaviscon, Sucralfate.
 Anti allergic:
Diphenhydramine, Levocitratidine.
 Analgesics:
Paracetamol only oral use
 Anti emitcis :
Doxylamine, Diminhydrinate (gravinat).

18.  Analgesics:
Paracetamol only oral use
 Anti emitcis :
Doxylamine, Diminhydrinate (gravinat).
 Anti Spasmodic:
Nospa (drotavarin),Spaslar (phloroglucinol).
 Constipation:
Ispaghol, Lactulose , glycerine suppository.
 Anti fungal :
Clotrimazole V cream.
 Anti hypertensive:
Methyl dopa , Nipedipine , Exmergency, labetolol.

19. THANK YOU!
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