A Biology PowerPoint with the main concepts of HIV (Human Immunodifficiency Viruses)

1. HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

2. According to WHO, Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an
infection that attacks the body’s immune
system.
What is HIV?

3. Terms to know
HIV- Human Immunodeficiency viruses.
AIDs- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
CD4- A type of white blood cell which plays a key role in the immune
system.
Opportunistic infections- infections and infection-related cancers.

4. HIV
- Blood transmission
- Unsterilized needles
- Sexual intercourse
- Parent to child
AIDs
- An HIV infection
How is HIV and Aids
caused

5. Structure of HIV virus

6. HIV attacks a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It’s
known as the CD4 helper cell or T cell
When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight off
other infections.
When HIV is left untreated, even a minor infection such as a cold can
be much more severe. This is because the body has difficulty
responding to new infections.
How does HIV attack the immune
system?

7. HIV uses the cells to make more of the virus.
HIV destroys CD4 cells by using their replication machinery to create
new copies of the virus. This ultimately causes the CD4 cells to swell
and burst.
How does HIV attack the immune
system? continued…

9. T cells
T cells play a vital role in coordinating the immune response. They recognize
antigens presenting cells (APCs and provide signals to activate other immune cells,
including B cells and macrophages.
T cells also help maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune
responses and preventing autoimmune responses.

10. B cells
B cells are indirectly affected by the virus.
HIV-induced immune activation and chronic inflammation may lead to B cell
dysfunction. This will result in antibodies not being produced and secreted
efficiently.

11. Stages of HIV
ACUTE HIV CHRONIC HIV AIDS
- This is the earliest
stage of HIV.
- Generally develops
2-4 weeks after
infected.
- Multiples rapidly
and spreads
throughout the
body.
- HIV continues to
multiply in the
body but at low
levels.
- Little to no HIV-
related symptoms
are experienced.
- CD4 count of less
than 200
cells/mm3.
- Can be easily
transmitted.
- Lifespan of up to 3
years.

13. How is HIV treated
- Antiretroviral therapy or ART)
can slow or prevent HIV from advancing from one
stage to the next.
- ART is to reduce a person's viral load to an
undetectable level.

14. Prevention and control of AIDS
Social factors Economic factors
- Education
- Awareness campaigns
- Stigma reduction
- Access to healthcare
- Funding and
Resources
Biological factors
- HIV testing
- ART
- Biomedical
preventions.

15. A person with HIV/AIDs diet should
consist of:
● Plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole
grains
● Lean sources protein such as fish,
poultry and legumes
● Healthy fats such as avocados, olive
oils and nuts
● Few highly processed foods.
How should one with HIV live?
And also:
● Regular exercise

16. 1. Health Impact
1. Medical Treatment
1. Relationships and Social Impact
1. Financial Impact
How does HIV/AIDs affect one’s life

17. Thank you for listening
Any questions?