-Cell Division Process In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes -Compacting DNA into Chromosomes -Types of Cell Reproduction -Phases of the Cell Cycle -Mitosis -Meiosis -Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis -Comparison of Divisions

1. Cellular Division

5. Identical Daughter Cells Parent Cell Two identical daughter cells

6. Chromosomes

13. Boy or Girl? Y - Chromosome X - Chromosome The Y Chromosome Decides

14. Cell Reproduction

16. Cell Division in Prokaryotes

18. Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission

19. Animation of Binary Fission

20. The Cell Cycle

22. Cell Cycle

26. What’s Happening in Interphase? What the cell looks like Animal Cell What’s occurring

27. Sketch the Cell Cycle Daughter Cells DNA Copied Cells Mature Cells prepare for Division Cell Divides into Identical cells

28. Mitosis

33. Late Prophase Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated Chromosomes

34. Spindle Fiber attached to Chromosome Kinetochore Fiber Chromosome

35. Review of Prophase What the cell looks like What’s happening

37. Sketch The Spindle

39. Metaphase Chromosomes lined at the Equator Asters at the poles Spindle Fibers

40. Metaphase Aster Chromosomes at Equator

41. Review of Metaphase What the cell looks like What’s occurring

43. Anaphase Sister Chromatids being separated

44. Anaphase Review What the cell looks like What’s occurring

46. Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase

48. Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow in animal cell Cell plate in plant cell

49. Mitotic Stages

51. Identical Daughter Cells Chromosome number the same , but cells smaller than parent cell What is the 2n or diploid number? 2

52. Review of Mitosis

53. Name the Mitotic Stages: Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Name this? Name this?

55. Mitosis Animation Name each stage as you see it occur?

56. Mitosis in Onion Root Tips Do you see any stages of mitosis?

57. Draw & Learn these Stages

58. Draw & Learn these Stages

59. Test Yourself over Mitosis

60. Mitosis Quiz

61. Mitosis Quiz

62. Name the Stages of Mitosis: Interphase Early prophase Mid-Prophase Late Prophase Metaphase Late Anaphase Early Anaphase Early Telophase, Begin cytokinesis Late telophase, Advanced cytokinesis

63. Identify the Stages Early, Middle, & Late Prophase Late Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Late Anaphase Telophase Telophase & Cytokinesis ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

64. Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants Metaphase Prophase Anaphase Telophase

66. Meiosis Formation of Gametes (Eggs & Sperm)

71. Fertilization – “Putting it all together” 1n =3 2n = 6

73. A Replicated Chromosome Gene X Homologs separate in meiosis I and therefore different alleles separate. Homologs (same genes, different alleles) Sister Chromatids (same genes, same alleles)

75. Meiosis: Two Part Cell Division Homologs separate Sister chromatids separate Diploid Diploid Haploid Meiosis I Meiosis II

76. Meiosis I: Reduction Division Early Prophase I (Chromosome number doubled ) Late Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I (diploid) Nucleus Spindle fibers Nuclear envelope

78. Tetrads Form in Prophase I Homologous chromosomes (each with sister chromatids) Join to form a TETRAD Called Synapsis

80. Homologous Chromosomes During Crossing-Over

81. Crossing-Over Crossing-over multiplies the already huge number of different gamete types produced by independent assortment

82. Metaphase I Homologous pairs of chromosomes align along the equator of the cell

83. Anaphase I Homologs separate and move to opposite poles. Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres .

84. Telophase I Nuclear envelopes reassemble. Spindle disappears. Cytokinesis divides cell into two.

86. Meiosis II: Reducing Chromosome Number Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II 4 Identical haploid cells

87. Prophase II Nuclear envelope fragments. Spindle forms.

88. Metaphase II Chromosomes align along equator of cell.

89. Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles . Equator Pole

90. Telophase II Nuclear envelope assembles. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Cytokinesis divides cell into two.

91. Results of Meiosis Gametes (egg & sperm) form Four haploid cells with one copy of each chromosome One allele of each gene Different combinations of alleles for different genes along the chromosome

92. Gametogenesis Oogenesis or Spermatogenesis

94. Spermatogenesis in the Testes Spermatid

95. Spermatogenesis

97. Oogenesis in the Ovaries

98. Oogenesis Oogonium (diploid) Mitosis Primary oocyte (diploid) Meiosis I Secondary oocyte (haploid) Meiosis II (if fertilization occurs) First polar body may divide (haploid) Polar bodies die Ovum (egg) Second polar body (haploid) a A X X a X A X a X a X Mature egg A X A X

99. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

100. Comparison of Divisions Mitosis Meiosis Number of divisions 1 2 Number of daughter cells 2 4 Genetically identical? Yes No Chromosome # Same as parent Half of parent Where Somatic cells Germ cells When Throughout life At sexual maturity Role Growth and repair Sexual reproduction