D01L02 R Constantinescu - Physics in Romania

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation Dr. Florin Buzatu, Director General Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA)

Content • Research institutes and main research activities developed on the Magurele Physics Campus • The status of ESFRO - the current national project to assess the development possibilities of the field of Physics in Romania ESFRO project is envisaging the near- and far-future participation of Romanian scientists and institutions in large research infrastructures as well as the main directions of international cooperation at a regional and global level. • 1949: Institute of Physics of the Romanian Academy • 1956 Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) • 1976 Central Institute of Physics (ICEFIZ) • 1990 New Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) • 1996 R&D National Institutes

Bucharest Măgurele – Pole of Physics BUCHAREST ring rail/road IFA NUCLEAR LASERS & PLASMA γ – Irradiator Tandem acc. MATERIALS EARTH IFA Waste Proc. OPTOELECTRONIS Cyclotron ------------------ Reactor (decomm.) Space Sciences ---------------- Theoretical Physics Adv. Detectors Particle Physics Life & Env. Computing Radioisotopes Nat. Phys. Library ------------------- UNIVERSITY (Faculty of Physics) High School ------------------- ENGINEERING

IFIN-HH gr. 1 Physics@Măgurele.RO ISS Optoelectronica INFP Nuclear & Vacuum INFLPR INOE CITON INFM IFIN-HH gr. 2 IFA FF-UB

IFA: ScientificTradition & Performance 1st Reactor, Cyclotron and Betatron (1956) • 1st Romanian Computer (1957) • 1st Laser (1962 – I. Agârbiceanu) • Tandem Accelerator (1974) • Radioisotope Production Centre (1974) • Nuclear Waste Processing Centre (1974) Founding Fathers: Eugen BĂDĂRĂU Horia HULUBEI Alexandru PROCA Ion AGÂRBICEANU Şerban ŢIŢEICA 1887-1975 1896-1972 1897-1955 1907-1971 1908-1985

IFA – short history 2008 New IFA 2006 IFA: CEEX 2001 IFA: CERES 1999 IFA: EURATOM-Fusion Research Unit 1996 INCD: IFIN-HH, INFLPR, INFM, INFP 1990 CSEN IFA (ICEFIZ) IRNE → Min. En. El. 1977 CSEN: ICEFIZ, IRNE ICEFIZ: IFIN, IFTAR, IFTM, CFPS, CASS, FAN, ITIM Cluj-Napoca, CFT Iaşi, Uzina G Rm. Vâlcea 1973 ICEFIZ: IFA, IFB, IFA-Cluj, … 1956 IFA & IFB 1949 Inst. Fiz. Acad.

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation PHYSICS@MAGURELE A realm of different constraints – of social, historical, political or whatever other nature – has shaped the destiny of the Magurele Campus. The more than 60 years of Physics history in Romania, its outstanding personalities and their major accomplishments have defined and determined its role in the Romanian society, its contribution to the culture and civilization of the country. In terms of assets and personnel, the Magurele Campus, acting as a National Lab, covers almost 40% of the national scientific output. The current status of Physics in Romania as well as its medium range development perspectives are addressed. Six of the most important research centers in Romania are located at Magurele. These centers represent the ideal combination between research and specialized university education, thereby guaranteeing a permanent flow of young researchers into the field. Five institutes and the Faculty of Physics are presented in the following.

The Horia Hulubei National R&D Institute for Physics in Romania: Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) Research Capabilities and Strategies The largest R&D institute in Romania – in terms of assets and personnel, of International Cooperation the institute addresses a comprehensive spectrum of research and development activities in fundamental and applied Nuclear Physics and in related areas including Astrophysics, Particle Physics, Atomic Physics, Life and Environmental Physics, Theoretical Physics, Nuclear Techniques, and Advanced Communication Systems R&D personnel: 394 (289 researchers, 29 PhD supervisors, 173 PhD, 51 PhD students). National interest facilities: 6 (Tandem accelerator, Multiple-purpose irradiation facility, Radioactive waste treatment and storage plant, National radioactive waste repository, Cyclotron, Reactor – in decommissioning). Publications: ~300/year in ISI journals. Web site: www.ifin.ro.

The National R&D Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR) Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies INFLPR is carrying out basic and applied research in of International Cooperation the fields of laser, plasma, electron beam and space physics: a) Developments of laser systems (solid-state lasers from continuous-wave to fs generation and from microchip to high power, excimer lasers, CO2 lasers) towards the construction of the TW -class femtosecond laser with a further extension to higher power using OPCPA technique. The activity in the laser field involves all the aspects of laser, such as the laser active medium, vacuum deposited optical components, devices for Q-switching or mode-locking, nonlinear devices, mechanical and electronic parts and so on; b) The science being carried out within the Laser Laboratories by own scientists and university colleagues from Romania and from elsewhere in Europe includes theory and experiments related to laser-atoms, laser-plasma interaction towards laser particles acceleration, and laser-surface interaction for material processing, thin film pulsed laser deposition, laser nanotechnologies, biomedical applications and nonlinear optics purposes; c) Laser metrology. R&D personnel: 337 (222 researchers, 19 PhD Foreseen developments devoted to high power lasers: study and supervisors, 134 PhD, 70 PhD students). development of high power fs laser systems, high harmonics generation, laser sources in the X-ray domain, high power laser National interest facilities: 2 (Electron Accelerator - interaction with matter, laser metrology, technological and betatron, linear accelerator, microtron, Magnetic dense medical applications of the ultra-short pulses lasers. plasma plant), Laser Metrology and Standardization; Quantum Electronics; Plasma Physics & Nuclear Fusion; Low temperature Plasma; Electron Beam & Web site: www.inflpr.ro . Accelerators. Subsidiary: Institute for Space Sciences.

Physics in Romania: The National R&D Institute for Physics of Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation Materials (INFM) devoted to fundamental and applied research in the fields of solid state physics and materials research. R&D personnel: 215 (174 researchers, 14 PhD supervisors, 89 PhD, 59 PhD students). National interest facilities:1 (Photoemission spectroscope). Other Departments/fields of research: Advanced Materials for Special Applications, Solid State Magnetism, Low Dimensional Systems, Optics and Spectroscopy, Structure and Dynamics of Condensed Matter. Publications: ~200/year in ISI journals Web site: www.infim.ro. Raman Microscope Complex cluster for surface physics: MBE, RHEED, STM, XPS, LEEM RF-sputtering with in-situ characterization techniques: Auger, ellipsometry

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation The National R&D Institute for Optoelectronics (INOE 2000) R&D personnel: 124 (97 researchers, 1 PhD supervisor, 32 PhD, 33 PhD students). Departments/fields of research: Lasers and fiber optics communication; Optoelectronics methods for medical applications; Research centre for advanced surface processing and analysis by vacuum technologies; Optoelectronic methods and techniques for cultural heritage restoration/conservation; Remote sensing. Publications: ~40/year in ISI journals Foreseen developments devoted to high power lasers: Time- domain experiments (Spectroscopy on dilute samples), Laser- plasma Interaction (Propagation of intense laser pulses in dense matter), “Exotic Physics” (Exploring the fundamental properties of vacuum), Medicine (Application to Hadron Therapy), Secondary Sources for Material Science Studies (Understanding fundamental aging processes in nuclear power plant material, Improving environment: transmutation and nuclear waste treatment), Education and Training. Web site: www.inoe.ro.

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation National Institute of R&D for Earth Physics (NIEP) NIEP carries out the seismic survey of Romania and operates the national seismic network. It has a wide background in Earth sciences research, with focus on seismic source and seismotectonics, seismic hazard assessment, site effects and microzonation, lithosphere structure and dynamics, earthquake prediction, assessment and mitigation of seismic risk. Also, NIEP has long experience in regional and global seismic studies and ensures Romania?s technical contribution to global seismological monitoring in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Given its demanding operational mission, key objective of NIEP is the development of an advanced seismic data collection and management system, including robust real-time data acquisition techniques, reliable communications links, rapid processing and exchange of earthquake information, creating and handling of large data sets, compilation of bulletins and earthquake catalogues. www.infp.ro

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies of International Cooperation University of Bucharest - The Faculty of Physics (FF-UB) Academic staff: 135 (49 full Professors). Studies on three levels: Licence (Physics - 3 years; Technological Physics –4 years), MD (4 semesters) and PhD (3 years). The domains covered are: (a) General -Physics, Medical Physics and Biophysics; Educational Physics, (b) Condensed Matter Physics, (c) Earth Physics, Environment Physics and Meteorology, (d) Theoretical Physics, (e) Optics, Spectroscopy, Plasma and Lasers, (f) Atomic & Molecular Physics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics, (g) Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, (h) Electronic Physics and Metrology, (i) Polymer, (j) Econophysics. Students: 600 (licence), 190 (MD), 170 (PhD). Website: www.fizica.unibuc.ro.

Physics in Romania: Research Capabilities and Strategies ESFRO of International Cooperation ASSESMENT OF THE ROMANIAN RESEARCH POTENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICS AND ELABORATION OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY CONCERNING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OS1. Elaboration of a methodology for the evaluation of the scientific and technical, human and material potential of the research trends in Romanian physics and its capacity to participate in large international collaboration projects OS2. Identification of research directions in physics, institutions, laboratories and groups with a real potential for the development and enhancement of the international visibililty and socio-economic impact (assesment 2001-2008). OS3. Setting up the objectives of the scientific and technical program of the large european research infrasturctures in which Romania can participate in a consistent and efficient way. OS4. Elaboration a participation strategy for Romania participation in large short (2012-2014) and medium (2015-2020) term international collaboration unei strategii de participare a Romaniei la marile colaborari in physics. OS5. Setting up strategic objectives and proposal of a set of actions meant to enforce the human and material potential of physics research in Romania in view of the enhancement of the socio-economic impact and international visibililty of this field.

Physics in Romania: ESFRO Research Capabilities and Strategies ASSESMENT OF THE ROMANIAN RESEARCH of International Cooperation POTENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICS AND ELABORATION OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY CONCERNING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MEASURABLE OBJECTIVES OM1. Setting up a data basis structured according to specific indicators to gather all the essential information for the assesment of the human and material potential of the research directions in Romanian physics as well as the results obtained in the frame of the collaboration other fields of Romania's science and technology. OM2. Setting up an assesment algorithm of the potential of the research directions in Romanian physics. OM3. Setting up a selection methodology of the evaluators in the field of physics and setting up a data basis of the potential evaluators in Romania for different domains of competence. OM4. Setting up a data basis structured according to specific indicators to gather all the essential information concerning the partipation of Romania in large international collaborations in the filed of physics. OM5. Setting up a selection methodology for the proposals concerning the partipation of Romania in large international physics projects.

Conclusions • Large international collaborations in which Romanian physics is involved, among which outstanding are the participation in the CERN – LHC program and the construction art Magurele near Bucharest of the ELI Nuclear Physics pillar, have determined a reconsideration of the main strategic lines of research in physics. • New developments in Romanian physics research ask for a survey and updating of its main strategic directions. The basic procedures and principles are briefly presented, emphasizing some of the most important objectives.

D01L02 R Constantinescu - Physics in Romania

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