2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop CA Rule 21 Update: Tom Bialek, Sempra Energy

1. CPUC Rule 21 Update
Thomas Bialek, PhD PE
Chief Engineer

2. 2
PV Intermittency Mitigation Based
Upon Modeling with Smart Inverters
With and without dynamic VAr device
With and without energy storage
With and without storage and 4 quadrant control
Red = With Blue = Without
P
Q
-Q
-P

3. CES PV Smoothing Operation
3
• Units capable of
smoothing
intermittency
caused by
fluctuating power
output
• Operational
variables can be
user-defined i.e.
Ramp rate control,
time constant
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1:55 PM 2:09 PM 2:24 PM 2:38 PM 2:52 PM 3:07 PM 3:21 PM 3:36 PM
Power(kW)
Red LineBlue Line

4. 0 300 600 900 1200
275
275.5
276
276.5
277
277.5
278
278.5
279
279.5
Voltage(Volts)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-50
-100
-150
-200
RealorReactivePower(kWorkVAr)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
0
Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e Power
Installed Dynamic VAr Device
720 780 840 900 960
275.5
276
276.5
277
277.5
278
278.5
279
Voltage(Volts)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-50
-100
-150
-200
RealorReactivePower(kWorkVAr)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
0
Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e Power
DVAr Off
DVAr Off

5. 5
PV with Smart Inverter

6. 6
PV with Smart Inverter

7. 7
Smart Inverter Working Group

8. 8
Smart Inverter Working Group

9. 9
Smart Inverter Working Group

10. 10
Smart Inverter Working Group

11. 11
PV with Smart Inverter

12. 12
WEIL Signatory Page

13. Voltage Regulation
Smart Inverters Illustrative Example
• Operating at different power
factor affects voltage
magnitude
• Large Gen at end of a line
• For an illustrative example
operating at a 0.7 power
factor can have 2 times the
generator rating as one
generator operating at unity
power factor while maintaining
the same voltage
• $1M for 2 MVA dynamic VAr
device
• $3M for 500 kW, 1500 kW
battery
• $1M/mile for re-conductoring

14. Summary
• Diversity of load increases moving to the system level
• System was designed to accommodate one way power flow
- Voltage regulation impacted by loading and DG
• PV and PEV have significant impact on the grid
- New approaches are required to mitigate intermittency
- NEM customers do not pay
- “Smart” inverters are a necessary tool to traditional alternatives
- Need to change PUC and Rules
- Storage provides maximum flexibility
- Can operate as a generator or a load at any power factor

15. 15
Questions ?
Thank you.
Thomas Bialek
Chief Engineer
tbialek@semprautilities.com
www.sdge.com/smartgrid/