HD Brown's Principles for Teaching Listening Skills

H. D. BROWN’S PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS Slides by Daniel Beck (aka SamuraiTheologian) samuraitheologian@gmail.com

PRINCIPLE #1 Include a FOCUS ON LISTENING in an integrated-skills course ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

“ Teachers sometimes incorrectly assume that the input provided in the classroom will always be ” converted into intake.

PRINCIPLE #2 Use techniques that are INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATING ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

“ Since background information (schemata) is an important factor in listening, take into full account the experiences, goals, and abilities of your students as you design lessons.

PRINCIPLE #3 Use AUTHENTIC LANGUAGE and contexts ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

“Authentic language and real- world tasks enable students to see the relevance of classroom activity to their long-term ” communicative goals.

PRINCIPLE #4 Carefully CONSIDER THE FORM of listeners’ responses ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

“ We can only infer that certain things have been comprehended through students’ overt responses to ” speech.

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 1 – doing the listener responds physically to a command

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 2 – choosing the listener selects from alternatives such as pictures, objects, and texts

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 3 – transferring the listener draws a picture of what is heard

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 4 – answering the listener answers questions about the message

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 5 – condensing the listener outlines or takes notes on a lecture

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 6 – extending the listener provides an ending to a story heard

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 7 – duplicating the listener translates the message into the native language or repeats it verbatim

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 8 – modeling the listener orders a meal, for example after listening to a model order

9 Ways to Check Listening Comprehension 9 – conversing the listener engages in a conversation that indicates appropriate processing of information

9 WAYS TO CHECK LISTENING COMPREHENSION 1.doing 6.extending 2.choosing 7.duplicating 3.transferring 8.modeling 4.answering 9.conversing 5.condensing

PRINCIPLE #5 Encourage the DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING STRATEGIES ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

LISTENING STRATEGIES

Listening Strategies Looking for Key Words

Listening Strategies Looking for Nonverbal Cues to Meaning

Listening Strategies Predicting Speaker’s Purpose by Context of Discourse

Listening Strategies activating one’s background knowledge (schemata)

Listening Strategies guessing at meanings

Listening Strategies seeking clariﬁcation

Listening Strategies listening for general gist

Listening Strategies various test-taking strategies for listening comprehension

LISTENING STRATEGIES looking for key words looking for nonverbal cues to meaning predicting speaker’s purpose by context of discourse activating one’s background knowledge (schemata) guessing at meanings seeking clariﬁcation listening for general gist various test-taking strategies for listening comprehension

PRINCIPLE #6 Include both BOTTOM-UP &TOP-DOWN listening techniques ❋❋❋❋❋❋❋

“Bottom-up processing proceeds from sounds to words to grammatical relationships to lexical meanings, etc., to a final ” message.

“ Top-down techniques are … concerned with the activation of schemata, with deriving ” meaning of spoken discourse.

PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS 1. Include a focus on listening in an integrated-skills course 2. Use techniques that are intrinsically motivating 3. Use authentic language and contexts 4. Carefully consider the form of listeners’ responses 5. Encourage the development of speaking strategies 6. Include both bottom-up and top-down listening techniques

H. D. BROWN’S PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS Slides by Daniel Beck (aka SamuraiTheologian) samuraitheologian@gmail.com

HD Brown's Principles for Teaching Listening Skills

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