The chapter summarizes the key events of the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It discusses the secession of Southern states and the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter in 1861. Both the Union and Confederacy mobilized for war, with the Union gaining advantages through its larger population and industrial base. Major battles included Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg, with Union general Ulysses S. Grant adopting a strategy of total war. The war concluded in April 1865 with Confederate general Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse to Union general Ulysses S. Grant.
2. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Secession Crisis
“Southern Nationalism”
Secession Of South Carolina-1860
Pickett’s Charge at
Gettysburg (The Palma
Collection / Getty Images )
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3. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Secession Crisis
– The Withdrawal of the South
Establishment of the Confederacy
The Process of Secession
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4. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Secession Crisis
– The Failure of Compromise
Crittenden Compromise
Protected Slave States
Reestablished Missouri Compromise
Republicans Opposed Plan
Civil War-Era Washington
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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5. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Secession Crisis
– Fort Sumter-April 14,1861
The Civil War
Begins
-Confederate Victory
Fort Sumter, SC
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6. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Secession Crisis
– Opposing Sides
Union Advantages
More Industrialized Economy
Southern Advantages
Greater Commitment
Experienced Commanders
Union and
Confederate
Resources
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7. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– Economic Measures
Republican Economic Policy
National Bank Acts
Financing the War
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8. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– Raising the Union Armies
Draft Riots
New York-1863
War by
Railroad
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9. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– Wartime Politics
Wartime Repression
1864 Election
Lincoln (R) vs. General McClellan (D)
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10. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– The Politics of Emancipation
Confiscation Acts
Only Applied to States in Rebellion
Emancipation Proclamation
Executive Order
Ex-slave children freed by Lincoln's
Emancipation Proclamation line up
outdoors at Freedmen's Village, a
temporary settlement at Alexandria,
Virginia, ca. 1863.
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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11. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– African Americans and the Union Cause
Black Enlistment
186,000 Served
Mistreatment of Black Soldiers
Higher Mortality Rates African-American Troops
(Library of Congress)
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12. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– The War and Economic Development
Hard Times for Workers
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13. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the North
– Women, Nursing, and the War
U.S. Sanitary Commission
Traditional
Gender Roles
Reinforced
Nursing and
Medicine
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The U.S. Sanitary
Commission (NARA)
Clara Barton
14. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the South
– The Confederate Government
Davis’s Leadership
Confederate Constitution
Almost Identical to U.S. Constitution
Southern Divisions
Many Southerners Resisted Jeff Davis
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Jefferson Davis
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
15. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the South
– Money and Manpower
Funding Problems
Printing Money and Inflation
Raising the Confederate Army
Manpower Shortages
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“Stonewall” Jackson
16. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Mobilization of the South
– States’ Rights versus Centralization
Centralization
– Economic and Social Effects of the War
Economic Woes
New Roles for Women
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17. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
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Abraham Lincoln visits General
McClellan after Antietam
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
18. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Strategy and Diplomacy
– The Commanders
Lincoln’s Leadership
Commander-in-Chief
Gen. Robert E. Lee
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Robert E. Lee
(Portrait Gallery)
19. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Strategy and Diplomacy
– The Role of Sea Power
The Union Blockade
Ironclads
Monitor vs. Virginia
USS Monitor
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20. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Strategy and Diplomacy
– Europe and the Disunited States
King Cotton Diplomacy
Trent Affair
U.S.S. San Jacinto
– The American West and the War
Guerrilla War in the West
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21. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
High Casualties
Dead Union
Soldiers at
Antietam, 1862
(Library of
Congress)
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22. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– The Technology of Battle
Repeating Weapons
Importance of the Railroad
The Telegraph
Hot-air Balloons
Submarines
CSN Hunley
Torpedoes
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23. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Union Infantry officers examine
a cannon emplacement
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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24. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Soldiers guard a train on a Union
Army-built trestle on the Orange
and Alexandria Railroad near
Manassas, Virginia, ca. 1863.
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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25. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– The Opening Clashes, 1861
First Battle of Bull Run
Wilson’s Creek
The battlefield at Bull Run, 1861
(Library of Congress)
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26. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– The Western Theater
New Orleans Captured-April 1862
Confederate Trade Stopped
Major Union victory
Shiloh
Union Successes in the West
Ulysses S. Grant
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28. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– The Virginia Front,
1862
George McClellan
Seven Pines
Stalemate in the East
Union Forces Win Few Victories
Antietam-Sept. 1862
Gen. McClellan Removed
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George McClellan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
30. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– 1863: Year of Decision
Battle of Chancellorsville-May 1863
Confederate Victory
Gen. Jackson Killed by “Friendly Fire”
Battle of Vicksburg-May/July 1863
Confederacy Split in Two
Battle of Gettysburg-July 1863
Lee’s Last Attempt to Invade the North
Battle of Chattanooga
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33. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Course of Battle
– The Last Stage, 1864-1865
Grant’s Strategy
Wilderness Campaign
Grant vs. Lee
Capture of Atlanta
March to the Sea
Sherman Tries to Demoralize the South
Appomattox Courthouse-April 1865
Gen. Lee Surrenders
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