Drafting A Summary

Drafting a Summary Composition I—J. Santoy

Goal —Reader will understand essay by reading summary.
Identify all key points/ideas
Identify author as creator/originator of ideas
Identify all key sections of essay

How Did We Get Here?
Read essay
Annotated for key ideas
Identified Stages of thought notes
Composed short section summaries
Identified author’s thesis sentence

How will I begin?
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

Introduction
Who is the author?
What is the complete title?
Identify topic
1-2 sentence summary of entire essay

Body
How does author begin?
Which stages of thought could I combine in my summary?
How does the author end?
How do I remind reader that these ideas are not mine?
Author Tags

Conclusion
How does the author end?
What major idea/question/problem does he leave the reader with?

Other Rules—Do not use:
You/Your—2 nd person
Talk
Past tense

Other Rules— DO use:
3 rd person—he/she/they/reader/author
Active verbs—discusses/argues/demonstrates/shows/ explains/contends/comments/etc.
Present tense

Other Rules— DO use:
Quotation marks for words taken from text
Key words
phrases
sentences

Quotations
Taken word for word (exactly) from the original text
Changing one word from a phrase or sentence does not excuse you from using quotation marks.

Paraphrase
Putting the ideas of the original text in your own words
Changing one word from a phrase or sentence is not paraphrasing
Rearranging the words is not paraphrasing
You must use your own words/terminology
Usually same length as the original

Summarizing
Same ideas
Your words
Condensed (shorter)

Drafting A Summary

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http://www.drivter.com	10
http://www.english213.com	5