Open design communities allow for collaboration on design projects. Open source software is developed collaboratively without hierarchy, based on reputation. Examples of open design include OpenMoko, an open source mobile phone, and RepRap 3D printers that can be built at home. As tools like 3D printing and laser cutting become more accessible, distributed manufacturing is growing through open design communities and platforms. For open design to reach its full potential, new collaborative tools, processes, and financial models are needed to better support designers, makers, and users.

1. Open Design Communities
Massimo Menichinelli
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September 16th 2011
The Lighthouse, Glasgow (UK)
http://www.maklab.co.uk/
Presentation available on:
http://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign

2. What is Open Source (Software)? A generic definition
A (software) project published with a license that facilitates
its access + modifying + sharing in a collaborative way.
A (software) project developed collaboratively by a
community, based not on hierarchy but on reputation.

3. Why Open Source in Software?
Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable)
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nyoin/3342043239/

4. Why Open Source in Software?
Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable)
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/exlibris/2997090116/

5. Open Source Softwares (just few examples)

6. Open Source Software is something big
Red Hat
frst open source company expected to break through the
$1bn mark in 2011.
Source: http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2011/03/24/redhat_q4_f2011_numbers/
Cost of developing Linux
The Linux Foundation (LF) (2008): $10.8 billion to build the
Linux community distribution Fedora 9 in today’s dollars
with today’s software development costs.
$1.4 billion to develop the Linux kernel alone.
Source: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/sites/main/fles/publications/estimatinglinux.html

7. Open Source Everywhere... Design
First open and collaborative design process (2000-2007)
Source: http://www.thinkcycle.org (now closed) http://web.media.mit.edu/~nitin/thesis/

8. What is Open Design? A generic definition
a project published with a license that facilitates its sharing
and that can be “compiled” or “manufactured” locally.
* sharing
* collaboration
* open licenses
* code --> artifact
Open Design refers to every kind of design projects that can
be shared in a digital format over a network.

9. Ronen Kadushin (the first open product designer)
Source: http://www.ronen-kadushin.com/Open_Design.asp

10. OpenMoko: a completely open product
The frst product sold (2007-2009) with:
* Open Source Software
* Open Hardware
* Open Design
Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page

11. OpenMoko: a completely open product
The frst product sold (2007-2009) with:
* Open Source Software
* Open Hardware
* Open Design
Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page

12. OpenMoko: product hacking
It was even sold with a
toolkit for product hacking!
Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page

13. BugLabs
A more successful example (approaching $ 1.000.000 in revenue in 2010, est.)
Source: http://www.buglabs.net/

14. BugLabs + Ford
Source: http://www.buglabs.net/ford-buglabs

15. Sketch Chair: Open Design as code
Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/

16. Sketch Chair: Open Design as code
Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/

17. Fabbing at home: RepRap, Makerbot (and others)
Makerbot, RepRap, ...: open source 3D printing you can buy
or build at home --> distributed manufacturing + DIY
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/retrocactus/5875140581/in/pool-1024769@N20/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/micahdowty/5288805084/in/pool-1024769@N20/

18. Fabbing service + marketplace: Shapeways, Ponoko, ...
Shapeways, Ponoko, ...: online services for 3D printing / 2D
laser cutting in diferent materials. You can receive your
product at home or sell it online in your own store
--> distributed manufacturing + DIY
Source:
http://www.shapeways.com
http://www.ponoko.com

19. Fabbing in a common place: FabLab
FabLabs: a place for studying how information and matter
interact and doing it in an open source and collaborative
way --> user-driven innovation + DIY + collaboration
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/protospace/5199454304/

20. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream
Source:
http://craphound.com/makers/download/
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/f_newrevolution/

21. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream
Source:
http://www.instructables.com/community/Instructables-Joins-Autodesk/
http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/01/autodesk-acquires-diy-community-instructables/

22. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream
Source: http://www.123dapp.com/

23. The current status of Open Design: and the process?
* single persons or small groups design a project and then
just publish it online
* lack of new tools, processes, systems that enable
designers and users in developing open design projects
--> where is the collaboration?
--> where are the open processes?
--> where are the communities?

24. … the experience of a user of Open Source software
Source: http://sourceforge.net/

25. … the big picture of Open Source software: the process
Source:
http://www.michaelogawa.com/research/storylines/
http://vis.cs.ucdavis.edu/~ogawa/codeswarm/

26. Innovation in a closed process
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows

27. In Open Source!
Source: http://futurist.se/gldt/

28. What's needed for Open Design communities
* fnancial sustainability for designers, makers, companies
* environmental sustainability
* new collaborative tools
* new processes and systems (supply chain, end of life...)
* knowledge, research
* places + events
* metadesign (design of the tools, processes, systems)
For designers For communities For users For enterprises

29. Any question or comment?

30. Thank you!
Massimo Menichinelli
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