1.
Open P2P Design
A Metadesign methodology for
Open Design Projects
Massimo Menichinelli
February 1st 2010
Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia
http://www.iaac.net/
http://openp2pdesign.org

2.
01.
Open P2P Design and
openp2pdesign.org: where do
they come from?

3.
Where do openp2pdesign.org and Open P2P Design come
from?
* March 2005
* a young student started his master degree thesis in
industrial design (actually it became service design soon)
* Design researchers were studying Design+Locality:
* Spark! Design and Locality (Europe)
http://www2.uiah.fi/virtu/spark/index.html
* Me.Design (Italy)
http://www.sistemadesignitalia.it/sdi/ricerche/medesign/index.php
--> How can we design projects for a locality and its
community?
--> How can we enable the participation of a community in
the design process?

4.
Free Software/Open Source and P2P were just breaking into
other disciplines...
* Open Source Everywhere
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html
* Open Publishing
* Open Content
* Open Biotechnology
* Open Source Religion
* Open Cola / Open Beer
* Open Design
* (...and more coming later)
Fre Software, Open Source and
P2P as promising way to organise
communities

5.
Designing Open Collaborative projects: Thinkcycle
http://www.thinkcycle.org (now closed)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~nitin/thesis/
Source: http://www.thinkcycle.org
This is... Open
Design!

6.
Facilitating a P2P system: Open Health by RED (British Design
Council)
http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/
Source: http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/
This is... P2P
Service Design!

7.
April 2006, Master Degree Thesis:
Reti Collaborative.
Il design per una auto-organizzazione
Open Peer-to-Peer
(Collaborative Networks.
Design for an Open Peer-to-Peer
self-organization)
Tutor: Ezio Manzini
Politecnico di Milano, Faculty of Design
You can download it here:
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/blog/texts

8.
02.
Open P2P Design:
enabling Open Systems

9.
What is Open P2P Design?
Open Design (design of an open project)
+
P2P Design (design of a peer-to-peer system)
=
the co-design of Open P2P social systems
A promising way to design
with/for a Community and
its Locality

10.
Why Open / P2P forms are promising?
* Open Source is based on Communities
* Communities are Complex Systems
* Bazaar style enables parallel projects, then evolution, self-
organization and emergence
* Complex Systems can solve Complex Problems
Complex Open P2P communities could:
--> solve complex problems
--> design complex projects
--> design complex collaborative activities
Open P2P forms as a Ko Kuwabara
design project and a “Linux: A Bazaar at the
design tool Edge of Chaos”
http://firstmonday.org

11.
Open Source projects as
Complex Systems?
Just look at the following
pictures...

12.
Innovation in a closed, hierarchical, proprietary, linear project
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows

13.
In an Open P2P non-
linear project
Source: http://futurist.se/gldt/

14.
What is Open P2P Design?
Open tools +
Open process
=
Enabling Open Systems
--> a proposal for a design methodology
Designers become then
Enablers, Facilitators...
of distributed creativity

15.
What does Open P2P Design do?
an open design process +
a collaborative activity self-organized by a community
=
an open metadesign / service design project

16.
Design and collaborative activities
A collaborative activity:
* can be designed as a service design project
* should be co-designed with users (community)
* it's a complex project, so we need complex processes (like
open p2p ones)
* we should let it evolve and let the community modify it
Daniela Sangiorgi,
Service Design + Activity Theory
http://www.northumbria.ac.uk/static/5007/despdf/Daniela.pdf

17.
Where does Open P2P Design come from?
Open Source Software +
Activity Theory +
Service Design (+ Activity Theory) +
Action Planning +
Social Network Analysis +
...
...and also the Source
Code comes from
them!

18.
Why Open P2P Design?
* mass-collaboration/crowdsourcing/distributed creativity force
a change in the role of designers
--> designers become enablers of distributed creativity

19.
Why Open P2P Design?
* it's about mass collaboration-based or community-based
activities (and Open Design is an example)
--> designers can find a role even outside design projects

20.
Why Open P2P Design?
* communities generate innovations as the outcome of
collaborative activities
--> a designer becomes an enabler of innovation and change

21.
03.
Why Open P2P Design for Open
Design projects?

22.
Where should we use Open P2P Design?
* works well where there are active participants
* within an organization (community, enterprise, public
institution), for its own processes
--> Open Innovation, Enterprise 2.0, Open Government, …
* when an organization (community, enterprise, public
institution) enables another one
--> Open Marketplaces, Open Innovation, Enterprise 2.0,
Open Government, …
* for community-based services / businesses
* for Open Design projects

23.
What is Open Design?
a project published with a license that facilitates its sharing
and that can be “compiled” or “manufactured” locally
* sharing
* collaboration
* open licenses
* code --> artifact
Open Design refers to every kind of design projects that can
be shared in a digital format over a network

24.
What kind of open design projects?
Open Web Design repositories:
http://www.openwebdesign.org/
http://www.oswd.org/
http://osdnetwork.org/
http://www.opendesigns.org/
And all the open source software themes, templates,
Frameworks, libraries...
It's Open Web Design! GPL, LGPL, CC, ...

25.
What kind of open design projects?
Open Fonts libraries:
http://www.theleagueofmoveabletype.com/
http://openfontlibrary.fontly.org/
http://openfontlibrary.org/
http://www.typeforge.net
(Free as in Free Beer, and sometimes Free Speech)
http://www.fontsquirrel.com/
It's Open Font Design!
http://scripts.sil.org/OFL

26.
What kind of open design projects?
Open Processing sketches repository:
http://www.openprocessing.org/
...
And all the projects that uses Arduino
or Processing and are released under
an open license:
http://harkopen.com/projects
...
It's Open Interaction Design! GPL, LGPL, CC, ...

27.
What kind of open design projects?
Open Architecture for markets:
http://architecture.mit.edu/house_n/projects.html
http://www.openprototype.com
Open Architecture for Humanity
http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/
http://os-house.org/
http://www.solaroof.org/
It's Open Architecture! CC, ...

28.
What kind of open design projects?
Open Cinema / Open Movie:
http://www.elephantsdream.org/
http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/
http://durian.blender.org/
http://www.thecosmonaut.org/
http://thisoneisonus.org/
...
It's Open Movie Design! ...and also Open Game Design!
CC

29.
Open Design: Ronen Kadushin
http://www.ronen-kadushin.com/Open_Design.asp
Open Design
from a single
Designer

30.
Open Design: OpenMoko
http://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org
Source: http://www.openmoko.com
Open Design
from an
enterprise

31.
Open Design: OpenMoko
http://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org
Source: http://www.openmoko.com
It's also Open
Source Software!

32.
Open Design: OpenMoko
http://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org
It's even Open Source: http://www.openmoko.com
Hardware!

33.
Open Design: Bug Labs
http://www.buglabs.net/
It's Open Design,
It's Open Design! Source http://www.buglabs.net/
...and a Meta-
Hardware, Software product

34.
Open Design: Bug Labs
http://www.buglabs.net/
Source: http://www.buglabs.net/
It's Open Design,
It's Open Design! ...and a Meta-
Hardware, Software product

35.
Open Design: Bug Labs
http://www.buglabs.net/
Source: http://www.buglabs.net/
It's Open Design,
It's Open Design! ...and a Meta-
Hardware, Software product

36.
So Open Design is...
* a lot of different kind of projects
* in its first steps
* starting from, using and including Open Source Software /
Open Hardware
* working well when project and artifact are code/digital
* still developing tools, business models, processes and
systems when the artifact is a physical good
* limited to share a finished project rather than designing it
collaboratively right now

37.
What is Open Design, for rival goods?
a distributed system of design & manufacturing
based on:
* sharing
* collaboration
* open licenses
* open and distributed projects
* open and distributed manufacturing technologies
A system of
agents that:
* use * distribute
* design * manage the
* manufacture end-of-life
* market * ...

38.
Current approach to Open Design projects
* very few single designers initiatives and designers interested
* recent communities (very few succesful ones)
* enterprises, hackers more interested in the hardware
* fabbing technologies developed by hackers
--> let people design a project and then just publish it online
--> lack of new tools, processes, systems that enable
designers and users in developing open design projects
Is it just publishing a file
online?

39.
What we can still do for Open Design projects is
Metadesign
Metadesign is the design of the design tools, processes
and systems
* research and share design knowledge
* design and share design tools
* design and share design processes
* facilitate design & manufacturing & end-of-life systems
* facilitate the distributed creativity
For communities For users For enterprises
For designers

40.
Open Design actually is Metadesign
* a community is designing, not just a single designer
* the process is open, and therefore out of control
* the process ideally never stops
--> We need Metadesign within single Open Design
projects
--> We need Metadesign for making Open Design
possible
Shift of focus: from Product
Design to Metadesign

41.
Three Layers of Metadesign
* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities: co-design a
collaborative activity that will actually design the goal
* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities that design tools:
co-design a collaborative activity that will actually design
the tools and processes for other Open Projects
* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities that design the
Metadesign process: co-design a collaborative activity that
will actually redesign the Metadesign process itself
(1) for Open (2) for tools for
Projects Open Processes (3) for rededesigning
itself

42.
Sourcemap as an Open Source Metadesign example
* sharing supply chains
* open source
* API
--> Research
--> Visualize
--> Share
--> Design
Source: http://www.sourcemap.org/
For Open Design we need
Metadesign initiatives

43.
Open Hardware / Fabbing as a Metadesign example
* Hardware (Arduino, ...)
* Fabbing (RepRap, ...)
--> Ecosystem
--> Reuse/Remix
--> Share
--> Design
Source: http://www.reprap.org
For Open Design we need
Metadesign initiatives

44.
How do we design such Metadesign projects?
--> Open P2P Design
How do we offer them in a Strategic Design
project?
--> openp2pdesign.org

45.
What is openp2pdesign.org?
It's the Strategic Design project for the
development of Open P2P Design and its projects
It's not a startup (yet) but an hub in the Open
Design network
So far: Next:
1 master degree thesis 3 books
1 paper 1 Open Everything event (?)
1 book 1-2 open source softwares (?)
7 workshops More workshops
1 keynote speech A larger network

46.
Make Magazine as Metadesign and Strategic Design example
* Make Magazine
* Maker Faire
* “Makers” Book
* Make: television
* Make Controller Kit
* Craft Magazine
--> Tools, Knowledge, and Systems for DIY
--> Metadesign projects offered within a whole Strategic Design
project
For Open Design we need
Strategic Design and
Metadesign initiatives

47.
04.
Open P2P Design:
a Metadesign methodology proposal

48.
01. First, let's organize the design process
Design the Participation Matrix (01):
* choose the steps of the design process
* analysis
* concept design
* project design
* project communication
* prototyping / testing
* manufacturing / production
* ...
It's a tool that we
can modify!

49.
A proposal of an Open P2P Design Participation Matrix

50.
02. Let's analyze the Community we design with/for:
Activity Analisys of the Community
Choose one main specific activity and try to define:
* subject (the community we design with/for)
* object (of the activity developed by the community)
* rules [parte de la plataforma]
* roles (division of labour) [parte de la plataforma]
* artifacts (physical, immaterials, cognitives tools) [parte de la
plataforma]
* larger community (with which our community interacts)
* kind of participation:
* top-down
* bottom-up
* marketplace
In order to understand
* reputation levels
with whom we design
with/for

51.
03. Social Network Analysis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network
Social network analysis views social relationships in terms of
network theory consisting of nodes and ties. Nodes are the
individual actors within the networks, and ties are the
relationships or flows between the actors.
Social Network Analysis brings visual and mathematical tools to
study very kind of relationship, being able then to discover the
weak connections and the strong ones in a community.
We look for:
* nodes, links
* direction, weight
* structure
In order to understand
with whom we design
with/for

52.
03. Social Network Analysis
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network

53.
04. Let's develop a Concept of the Collaborative Activity
Choose one main specific activity and try to define:
* subject (the community we design with/for)
* object (of the activity developed by the community)
* rules [parte de la plataforma]
* roles (division of labour) [parte de la plataforma]
* artifacts (physical, immaterials, cognitives tools) [parte de la
plataforma]
* larger community (with which our community interacts)
* kind of participation:
* top-down
* bottom-up
* marketplace For Open Design, the
* reputation levels collaborative activity is
Design
Design a new activity or (+Manufacturing,
open up a new one Distribution, ...)
making it collaborative!

54.
05. Let's design the System Map
http://www.mepss.nl/index.php?p=tool&l4=W21
La Mapa del Sistema sirve para diseñar y visualizar las
interacciones y los flujos entre los actores. Los elementos son
* material flows
* information flows
* financial flows
* actors
* system boundary
In order to design/visualize
flows between actors

55.
05. Sytem Map

56.
06. Let's design the Offering Map
http://www.mepss.nl/index.php?p=tool&l4=W23
http://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/38
The Offering Map is used for designing / visualizing the
whole structure of the Collaborative Activity with this
hierarchical structure:
* Activity
* Actions
* Operations
In order to design / visualize
the whole Collaborative
Activity where the
interactions take place

57.
06. Offering Map

58.
07. Let's design the Motivation Matrix
http://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/20
The Motivation Matrix is used in order to understand the motivations and
the interactions between the actors that drive the Collaborative Activity.
In order to design /
visualize interactions
as motivations
Source: http://www.sustainable-everyday.net/lolacases/

59.
08. Let's design the Blueprint for the Collaborative Activity
http://www.face.ubiobio.cl/webfile/media/42/version%20-8-1/mariaperez.pdf
http://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/35
Service Blueprints are used in torder to design and visualize
processes and specifications of the Collaborative Acitivity when it
happens inside an organization (Enterprise, Public Administration,
Party ...) or there is a place where it meets people from outside
* actions of inside and outside actors
* users, front office, back office, support processes
* time
In order to design and visualize
interactions inside-outside
within a timeline

60.
08. Blueprint of the Collaborative Activity

61.
09. Storyboard
http://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/13
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storyboard
Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a series of
illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the
purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation,
motion graphic or interactive media sequence, including
website interactivity.
In order to design / visualize
interaction through time as an
story

62.
09. Storyboard
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ninga/473316247/

63.
10. Let's design the Reputation Levels
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimate_peripheral_participation
http://www.uam.es/centros/psicologia/paginas/mpe/docs/download/laveTema2.pdf
Explicit and tacit knowledge is what shapes the Collaborative Activity
and the Community: an open and p2p horizontal structure, as the result
of the interactions, reputation and their history:
information --> knowledge --> action --> reputation --> organization
The structure / weight
of interactions

64.
11. Let's choose (or design) a License
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_commons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain
In order to be able to design or to modify the project of a Collaborative
Activity in a collaborative way, we need a legal License that let us:
* share and distribute the project
* modify the project
* create a new project from another one
The License is
* a legal tool
* a social contract that manage the results and the goals
In our case we have two possibilities:
* Public Domain
* Creative Commons

65.
05.
Open P2P Design:
An example

66.
Open P2P Design Workshop, Singapore
With Roger Pitiot
25-27 November 2009, NTU University
Singapore Design Festival, http://workshop.colab-design.org/

67.
01. Community Analysis

68.
02. Participation Matrix
“First version of the Participation
Matrix, we do everything by
ourselves”
“Second version, now the students
manufacture and manage the
product, we just help them
distributing it”

69.
03. Open Design Activity

70.
04. System Map rev.18
“Adding the Open Design System
Map, the public relation role is at the
center of manufacturing and
distribution”

71.
04. System Map rev.19
“put in survey study into sub
category market”

72.
04. System Map rev.20
“Feedback from students and survey
results from customers, now
available to read by concept
designers.”

73.
04. System Map Last Revision
“everyone gets paid now!”

74.
05. Open Design Activity Poster

75.
06.
Conclusions:
Open Design for Distributed
Systems

76.
Design for a new, Distributed Scenario
Based on:
* energy: distributed generation
* physical goods: distributed manufacturing
* financial resources: open money / local currencies
And we need to redefine Design and its:
* identity
* knowledge
* social networks
* roles
* processes
* limits/choices
--> Let's redefine and use Design for enabling Distributed Systems

77.
Any questions or comments?

78.
Thank you!
Massimo Menichinelli
Follow and join us!
info@openp2pdesign.org
openp2pdesign.org
twitter.com/openp2pdesign
stores.lulu.com/openp2pdesign