1. WE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT

2. ENVIRONMENT
 ENVIRONMENT IS THAT WHICH
ENCOMPASSES ALL LIVING AND
NON-LIVING THINGS OCCURRING
NATURALLY ON EARTH.

3. ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
BIOTIC FACTORS ABIOTIC
FACTORS FACTORS
microbes , plants,
soil , water , air,
animals
temperature
& human being

4. EARTH: AN ENORMOUS
ECOSYSTEM
Three basic principle of ecology:
1. EVERYTHING IS
RELATED TO
EVERYTHING ELSE.

5. ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES
2. EVERYTHING MUST GO SOMEWHERE.
YOU CANNOT JUST THROW
ANYTHING ANYWAY.
 ONCE CREATED IT HAS TO BE
DESTROYED IN A PROPER WAY.

6. ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES
3. NATURE KNOWS BEST.
DISRUPTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES.

7. FOOD CHAIN

8. HOW DO WE AFFECT ENVIRONMENT ?
URBANISATION
DEFORESTATION
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
MINING
SOLID WASTE
INDUSTRIALISATION

9. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 POLLUTION IS THE INTRODUCTION OF
CONTAMINANTS INTO THE
ENVIRONMENT THAT CAUSES
INSTABILITY TO THE ECOSYSTEM.

10. TYPES OF POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
SOIL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
RADIATION POLLUTION

11. EXPOSURE TO
POLLUTANTS

12. FACTORS OF POLLUTANTS AFFECTING
HEALTH
 NATURE OF POLLUTANTS
 CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS
 STATE OF HEALTH OF RECEPTORS
 AGE GROUP OF RECEPTORS

13. WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?
POLLUTANTS ARE GENERATED DUE TO
HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

14. EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS
A ir p o llu tio n
S e ttle m e n t
D ire ct in ha la tio n
R a in
a n im a ls
Food
G ro u n d p o llu tio n
d rin kin g w ate r
& fish
W a te r p o llu tio n
P la n ts

15. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin contact

16. HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS

17. GLOBAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

18. SOLID WASTE:
A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

19. OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE IN
KATHMANDU
THE TOTAL WASTE GENERATED IS 450TON/DAY.
TYYPES QUANTITY/TON
OF WASTE household
52%
business 20%
ORGANIC 252
industrial 3%
INORGANIC 135
institutional
9%
TOXIC 9
others 16%
OTHERS 54
Source:KMC,2001/2004

20. DEALING WITH SOLID WASTE
SOLID WASTE
POLLUTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
PREVENTION
THROWAWAY OR HIGH LOW WASTE
WASTE APPROACH APPROACH
BURYING BURNING 3R-PRINCIPLE

21. INCINERATION
 COMBUSTION OF WASTE:
REDUCES WASTE BY ABOUT 70%.
 HEAVY METALS LIKE
MERCURY, LEAD CADMIUM etc.
 HARMFUL GASES LIKE DIOXINS,
REMAIN UNDESTROYED.
FURANS etc. ARE PRODUCED.

22. OPEN DUMPING
 CURRENT PRACTICE OF DISPOSAL IN NEPAL.
 CHANCES OF EPIDEMICS.
 WATER POLLUTION BOTH
GROUND AND SURFACE.
 EUTROPHICATION

23. 3-R PRINCIPLE
REDUCE.
THINGS THAT LAST LONGER,THINGS THAT CAN BE USED
MORE THAN ONCE.
REUSE
POLYTHENE BAGS,CLOTHING,SHOES,CONTAINERS ETC.
RECYCLE
 MANY ITEMS SUCH AS PLASTICS,PAPER,CANS
CAN BE RECYCLED TO USE AGAIN.

24. COMPOSTING
AEROBICALLY DECOMPOSED REMNANTS OF
ORGANIC MATTER.
USED MAINLY IN AGRICULTURE AS SOIL
CONDITIONER AND FERTILIZER
 DAILY 252 TONS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS
GENERATED IN KMC.

25. WHAT CAN WE DO??
ADOPT THE 3’R PRINCIPLE.
ENCOURAGE THE USE OF COMPOST
RATHER THAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER.
RAISE AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC
THROUGH VARIOUS TRAINING AND
INTERACTIVE PROGRAM.