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1. Prepared By: Heina Van Quimintan

3. Advantages:

4. Disadvantages:

7. Advantages:
Disadvantages:

11. Operating Principle of an Air
Pressure Water Distribution System
“ Air is elastic or compressible and
water is inelastic or noncompressible ”
Thus, when air compressed into a closed
compartment under atmospheric
pressure to the extent of one half its
volume content, the pressure will
increase up to 15 pounds per square inch
(psi). This pressure inside the tank is
capable of elevating water up to 10.50
meters high.

12. The ideal air pressure range from 20 to 40 psi.
By compressing the original pressure inside the
tank is not enough. The slightest draw of water
from the faucet substantially decrease the
pressure and there is a possibility of water
clogging inside the tank.
To overcome this deficiency, an air compressor
unit is installed so that the volume of air inside
the tank will be increased to a pressure of one half
the minimum required.
An automatic pressure switch control that regulate
the starting and the stopping of motor pump.

13. Advantages:
 Eliminate the construction of a large house
water tank.
 low construction cost
 Eliminate periodic cleaning of the tank
Disadvantage:
x dependent on electricity

14. DIRECT UPFEED SYSTEM- TRIPLEX PUMP
Float switch
House tank
Roof
10 Floor
9
8
Upfeed
7
Upfeed
6
Down
5
4
3
2
1
Pressure Sensor
Control Panel
PU M PS
Basement
A. Constant Pressure
Supply
Control Panel
PU M PS
PUMPS
Surge Tank
B. Same as A with Surge Tank
C. Conventional Roof Tank

15. The principle of operation is simple
When the water demand is small, the small
pump (jockey) will operate. As the water
consumption increases to the point that the jockey
pump could no longer cope with, the second larger
pump starts automatically to replace the operation
s
of the jockey. As demand increases further to reach
its peak, the third largest pump with full capacity
to supply the entire building, will automatically
operate to replace the second pump. Under this
principle, only one pump operates at a time,
depending upon the volume of water demand.

21.  Simultaneous draw or use of water
 Height or distance to which the water must
flow
 Fluctuation of water pressure in the water main
 Mineral elements in water that adhere to the
interior of the pipe reducing the diameter
 Inadequate size of the pipe

22. Maximum Demand
refers to the maximum water discharge of fixtures
in terms of fixture units.
The maximum demand of water is equal to the
Total Fixture Units in plumbing system, where
one unit is valued at 8 gallons of water
discharge per minute interval

23. Demand Weight of Fixtures in Fixture Units
Private
Public
Fixture Group
Fixture Units
Water Closet
6
Lavatory
1
Fixture Group
Fixture Units
Water Closet
10
Pedestal Urinal
10
Bathtub
2
Stall/ Wall
Urinal
5
Shower head
2
Lavatory
2
Bathroom
group
8
Bathtub
4
2
Shower head
4
Separate
shower
Service sink
(Office, etc.)
3
Kitchen sink
2
3
Kitchen sink
(Hotel /
Restaurant)
4
Laundry Tray
1-3
Combination
Fixture
3

24. Example :
Private
Fixture Group
Fixture Units
Water Closet
6
Lavatory
1
Bathtub
2
Shower head
2
Bathroom
group
8
Separate
shower
2
Kitchen sink
2
Laundry Tray
1-3
3
Combination
Fixture
3

25. Probable Demand
One factor to be considered in determining the size
of the water service pipe.
The fewer the number of fixtures installed, the
higher the percentage of probability of their
simultaneous use, and the greater the number
of fixtures installed, the lower the percentage of
probable simultaneous use.

26. Number of Fixture Units
Percentage of Simultaneous Use
1 to 5
6 to 50
51 or more
50 to 100 %
25 to 50 %
10 to 25 %
Example

27. Find the number of fixture units then multiply by 8
19 units
Multiply
19 units x 8 = 152 gallons
Maximum demand
Assume 30% reduction of 152 gallons.
152 x .30 = 45 gal.
Subtract from maximum demand of 152 gallons
152 – 45 = 107 gallons
Probable demand

28. used on small water
distribution system
for elevating water
in wall or other
sources
Centrifugal
Pump
Tall building water
distribution system
Piston
Pump
Types of
Pump

29. Centrifugal Pump
Piston Pump (Double Acting)

30. Valve is necessary
to avert serious
damages of the
installations in
case of service
breakdown.
Types Of Valve
 Gate Valve
 Globe Valve
 Angle Valve
 Check Valve
 Foot Valve
 Safety Valve

31. Gate Valve

32. Gate Valve
Two Types

33. Globe Valve
It is a type of valve used for
regulating flow in a pipeline
consisting of a movable disk-type
element and a stationary ring seat
in a generally spherical body.
Three Types
 Plug Type Disc Valve
 Conventional Disc Valve
 Composition Disc Valve

34. Globe Valve
Has a wide bearing surfaces producing
a good resistance to the cutting effect
of scale, dirt.. etc
Conventional Disc Valve
Has a pressure tight bearing between
the disc and the seat. It is
recommended for cold and any
temperature service.
Composition Disc Valve
Used for different services such as oil,
gasoline, steam, hot or cold water

35. Check Valve
prevent reversal of flow in the line. It is principally
used in industrial pipings.
It is classified into two types namely:
 The swing check valve
 The lift check valve

36. Swing Check Valve
Vertical Check Valve
Lift Check Valve
Horizontal Check Valve

37. Angle Valve
Operates in the same
manner as the globe valve available
in similar range of disc and seat
design. It is used in making 90
degree turn in a line reducing the
number of joints
Foot Valve
Located at the lower end
of the pump and used mainly
to prevent loss of priming of
the pump

38. Safety Valve
is used on water
systems, heating
systems, compressed air lines and
other pipe lines with excessive
pressure.
Other Water Service
Fittings and Devices





The corporation stop
Curb stop
Curb stop box
Meter stop
Water meter

39. Inserted into the water main. It serves as
a control stop for the water service. It
also serves as a shut off for
disconnection of service
Installed on the water service
between the curb and the
sidewalk line. Services : As a
control stop, As a shut off in
case the basement becomes
flooded and As a control valve
in case the building is not used
on winter time.

40. Meter Stop
serves as a controlling stop for the
building installation
Is a device used to measure the
amount of water that passes
through the water service.

41. WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS AND THEIR CORRECTIONS
IN PRIVATE WATER SYSTEM
Item
Cause
Bad Effect
Correction
Hardness
Calcium and magnesium
salts from underground
flow
Clogging of pipes by
scale, burning out of
boilers and affects
laundry & food
preparation
Ion-exchanger
Zeolite process
Corrosion
Acidity, entrained oxygen & Closing of iron pipe
Raising the alkaline
carbon dioxide (low pH)
by rust, destroy brass content
pipe
Pollution
Contamination by organic
matter or sewage
Disease
Chlorination by
sodium hypochlorite
or chlorine gas
Color
Iron and manganese
Discoloration of
fixtures and laundry
Precipitation by
filtration through
manganese zeolite
(oxidizing filter)
Unpleasantness
Filtration through
activated carbon
(purifier filtration)
Taste and odor Organic matter