it talk about kinds of miscellaneous hydraulic machine

1. MISCELLANEOUS HYDRAULIC
MACHINES
DONE BY :MOHAMMED HABEB ANAM
MOATH RADMAN
MOHAMMED AL-GAWRY
E-MAIL: mahabib96@gmail.com
(00967777939048)

2. Introduction:
There are a lot of hydraulic machines we will talk about some of
them
In all of these machines power transmitted with the help of a fluid
which may be a liquid ( water / oil )
These devices are :
1- Hydraulic accumulator 2- Hydraulic intensifier
3- Hydraulic press 4- Hydraulic crane
5- Hydraulic lift 6- Hydraulic ram
7- Hydraulic coupling 8- Hydraulic torque converter
9- Air lift pump and 10- Jet pump

3. Hydraulic accumulator :
Is a device used to stored the
energy
Of liquid under pressure and
make this energy available to
hydraulic machines , such as lifts
presses and cranes
This accumulator used to
supplied the fluid to the cranes
or lifts…etc.

4. Some uses of hydraulic accumulator
emergency functions and safety functions
To absorb shock
To supplement pump flow

5. Types of hydraulic accumulator :
1- simple hydraulic accumulator
it consists of fixed vertical cylinder ,sliding ram
,pump and weight
It work by pumping the oil to cylinder then the
ram is raised to upper level on which the heavy
load is placed then the cylinder is full by oil and
Maximum energy is accumulated this
accumulated energy is later discharged to driven
machine
D

6. Example :
Solution

8. 2-differential hydraulic accumulator
The advantages of this accumulator is that
liquid can be stored at high pressure by
using small load on ram
This accumulator consists of fixed vertical
ram inside it passage through it the oil pass
also a brass bush a round the ram and
sliding cylinder surround the brass bush
Working the same of simple accumulator
D
dPressure

9. Example
?
solution

11. Hydraulic intensifier
Is a device which increase the intensity of
pressure of a given liquid with the help of
low pressure liquid
It consist of fixed ram ,sliding cylinder and
fixed cylinder
Working :
P1
A1
P2
A2

12. Solution

14. Hydraulic press
Is a device used for lifting heavy
loads by the application of much
smaller force this device based on
Pascal ’s law
Working principle
Ram
plunger
Aa

16. Elementary inverted hydraulic press
Water supply from
source make the ram to
move down also when
we want to return ram
must drain the water

18. Hydraulic crane
Is a device which is used for lifting
heavy loads (up to 25 MN)
widely used in docks for loading and
unloading, warehouses ……..etc.
Construction
It consists of crane and hydraulic
jigger
Working
At lifting
At lowering
D d
W

20. Example

21. Solution

23. Hydraulic lift
is a device used for carrying persons and
load from one floor to another in multi-
storeyed building
There are two types
- Direct
Working ( lifting – lowering )

24. Suspended hydraulic lift
This type modified from the
direct acting hydraulic lift it is
fitted with a jigger
Construction
Fixed pulley – movable pulley
Cage – guide pulley – fixed
cylinder – sliding ram
Working

25. Example

26. Hydraulic ram
H
h
Is a device with which small
quantities of water can be pumped
to higher levels from the available
large quantity of water of low head
Construction
1- valve box : low head water flows it
has two non-return valve ( waste
valve open inward – delivery valve
opens outward )
2- air vessel connected with delivery
valve
3- supply and head tanks

27. Working:
It works on the principle of ( water
hammer )
Water flows down the supply pipe , the
valve is open and water escapes through it
to waste
The velocity is increases , the dynamic
pressure on the under side becomes very
high and lift the valve 1 and ultimately
closed .
The water in the supply pipe is suddenly
brought to rest .
The increased high pressure lifts valve 2
and a part of water inter the air vessel
then the pressure inside it increases and
forces the water to the delivery tank
h
2
1

28. Working cycle of hydraulic ram

31. Efficiency
It depends on:
1- losses in the pipe
2- losses in valve box
3- ratios
𝑙
𝐻
and
ℎ
𝐻
For optimum performance the
values of
𝑙
𝐻
= 2.5 , ℎ
𝐻
= 5
ƞ=75% under these condition
Its also influenced by the number of
beats ( opening of waste valve )
It can be varied by length of travel of
the valve and its weight
Qs : discharge from supply tank to
the valve box
q= discharge from valve box to
delivery tank

32. The efficiency can be expressed by two ways
1- D’ Aubuisson’s efficiency =
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
= 𝑤𝑞𝐻
𝑤𝑄ℎ
=
𝑞𝐻
𝑄ℎ
2- Rankine efficiency =
𝑞(𝐻−ℎ)
𝑄−𝑞 ℎ
Reasons of low efficiency of hydraulic ram
1- high friction and secondary losses in the supply pipe and the valves
2-loss of kinetic energy associated with the liquid leaving the waste valve
Efficiency can be improved by reduce the main velocity it can be accomplished by reducing
The lift of the waste valve ( this limits the maximum velocity in the supply pipe and hence the
main velocity of flow

33. air lift pump
An airlift pump is a device
used to lift water from a deep
well or sump by utilizing the
compressed air.

34. construction
The main component are :
1.Air compressor to supply compress
air
2.Air pipe fitted with one or more
nozzles
3.Delivery pipe

35. Working Principle of Air-lift
Pumps
It is well known that the density of water is more than the
density of air. So the main principle used in air-lift pumps
is the density difference between water and air. Air is
made to mix with the water and thus allowed to form
froth. Froth here consists of mixture of water and air. So
the density of this mixture is less than that of the water. It
is the mixture of air which makes the density less than
water. Thus a very small column of pure water can
balance a very long column of air-water mixture. This is
the working principle of air-lift pumps.
Let us assume
h = height of static water level above the tip of the
nozzle,
H = height to which water is lifted above the lip of
the nozzle.
Thus (H-h) is known as the useful lift.

36. • The results are optimum if the useful lift (H-h) is less than the height of static water (h)
above the tip of the nozzle. Hence for best results,
• (H-h) < h.
• The ratio (h/H-h) generally varies from 4 to 1, then the ratio (h/H-h) is about 4 and 1 for
the values of h between 30 m and 100m
• For h = 30m,
• h/H-h =4
• so, 30/H-30 = 4
• 30 = 4H – 120
• 4H = 150
• H = 37.5 m.
• For h = 90, h/H-h = 1.
• 90/H-90 = 1.
• 90 = H – 90.
• H = 180m. So it is evident that when h increases H also increases.

37. Advantages:
1.No moving parts.
2.Less maintenance.
3.Simple & reliable.
4.No mechanical parts below ground level.
5.It can pump solid without any damage to the system.
6.It can handle mud, sand, and gritty water too.
7.This pump can raise more water through a bore hole of given diameter
than any other pump types.

38. Disadvantages:
• Worst efficiency, 20 to 40% operating efficiency, when compared to
expenditure of energy in compressing air.
• Running cost of an air-lift pump is high in terms of energy expenditure
terms.
• Bore holes have to be drilled very deep in order to get enough static head.
If not, the discharge will be less and probably no discharge. Boring is
considerably a costly operation.
• It is suitable for draining water in the mines where compressor than any
units are already installed.

39. Applications:
These pumps, in spite of their poor efficiency, are commonly used in many
areas where conventional pumps usage is difficult. These pumps are used in
• Petroleum fields.
• Handling some hazardous liquids.
• Sewage plants,
• Deep sea mining.
• Recovery of archeological artifact and many more.

40. Hydraulic Coupling
Hydraulic Coupling
(or fluid) is a device
which is employed
for transmission of
power one shaft to
another through a
liquid medium.

41. Construction
1.Pump impeller.
2.Turbine runner.

43. Expression for efficiency

46. Application
1.It is used in automotive industries for the transmission of power from
the engine to the wheel as alternative of clutch.
2.It is used in marine propulsion systems.
3.It is used in various industries for the power transmission

47. Hydraulic Torque Converter
•Hydraulic Torque Converter:
is a device used for
transmitting increased or
decreased power from one
shaft to another.

48. Construction:
1.Pump impeller coupled to
the driven shaft .
2.Turbine runner coupled to
the driven shaft .
3.Stationary /fixed guides
vanes provided the impeller
and turbine runner.

50. working :
The liquid flowing from
the pump impeller to
turbine runner exerts a
torque on the stationary
guide vanes which change
the direction
of liquid,
Thereby making possible
the transformation of
torque and speeds.

52. Expression for efficiency
the torque relationship is given as:

53. Advantages:
The advantage of hydraulic coupling
and the torque converter can be
abating by designing the system in
such a way that at low speed ratios
It’s a cats as a converter and at high
speed ratios as a coupling.

54. Jet Pump
Delivers water and water
pressure to a household,
cottage or small sprinkler
systems

55. Construction :
A jet pump consists of a
conventional radial flow
pump with jet nozzle at
the suction end .it helps
to increase the suction
lift beyond the normal
limit of meters of water
head . With the use of
jet assembly it is
possible to increase the
suction lift up to 60m.

56. Jet Pump working principle:
•When the power fluid travels at high pressure
through the smaller area of the jet pump,
known as “nozzle“, the Venturi effect occurs
increasing the speed and reducing the
pressure. This generates the suction of
reservoir fluids in the space between the
nozzle and the throat.
•When the power fluid gets into the mixing
tube the flow area increases, reversing the
energy transformation, reducing speed, and
increasing the pressure. This allows the
reservoir fluids to be lifted to the surface
through the annular space

57. Expression for efficiency

58. Application :
1.A jet pump can be used to take out muddy water from excavation
trenches.
2.To lift water from wells of smaller bores.
3.Employed in mining and for pumping oil.

59. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
M.H.A