A run through of Q3 Eng. Lang. P1.

2. Whole text
structure

3. IMPROVEMENTS
1. Go back through your book from the start.
2. Underline and title all work
3. High keywords/specialist language
4. Stick in any sheets that are loose. (DO NOT
STICK IN TEXT.)
5. FINISH OFF ANY IMCOMPLETE PARAGRAPHS.
6. UNDERLINE OFF FINISHED WORK.
7. COMPLETE THE SELF ASSESSMENT STAMP!

4. Read
the text
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
SECTION A:
READING
4 marks
8 marks
8 marks
20 marks

5. What is structure?
Structure

6. Beginnings and
Endings
Where are we placed?
What emotion is triggered?
What thought is offered?
What direction is set?
What do we walk away with?
What are we left to consider?
Have we journeyed somewhere or
stayed in the same place?

7. Contrast
Are there any opposites that
are placed side by side for
emphasis?
Is there any contrast between
a character, place or idea at
one point in the poem and
then later? (the before/after
effect)

8. Central images, ideas,
settings
Is the text structured around a central image or idea?
This image may be described in great detail. Perhaps an extended
metaphor or symbol.
Or perhaps the setting is the key thing that provides a structure for
the writer to develop his/her ideas?

9. Distinct sections /
Pivotal moments Is it clear that there are sections to this
text that have been chosen by the writer
on purpose?
What do each of these sections reveal /
represent?
Is there a pivotal moment, a hinge, that
seems to move the ideas in a new
direction?

10. Build up of ideas, image,
feeling
What is the build up?
Where is it heading?
What grows over the course of the text?
How does it grow?

11. Passages of
time
How is time presented in the text?
Present tense, past tense?
Days, weeks, years?
History, present day, future?

12. Movement (sentence types /
punctuation)
What about sentence types? Are there many short ones? Long ones? A ‘stand out’ short or
long sentence that marks something. Simple vs complex?
Look at the punctuation. Why does it stop where it does?
Are commas used to make lists – this may speed things up.
Does it seem ‘choppy’ or more smooth? What punctuation is creating that effect?

13. Voice
Who is speaking? What perspective are we
offered? Who is the voice talking to?
Is there more than one voice? Is the tone the
same or different?
Why are they speaking? Can they be trusted?
Is it first, second, third person? What’s the
impact?
Is there any direct speech? What is the effect of
this?

14. Remember!
• The writer chose a structure and form on
purpose – it has meaning.
• The examiner is not interested in a list of
techniques – you need to make meaningful
connections. Why has the writer chosen this
technique?

15. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
The writer has used eight paragraphs in the article. Copy
the paragraph summaries in the correct sequence.
Darren’s family are
happy with his
hobby.
Darren likes
cockroaches and looks
after 2000 of them.

16. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
Writing can be shaped in many
different ways. One possible text
structureis to begin with
something small and zoom out to
something much bigger, e.g. this text
starts with Darren ‘in a garden shed’
and ends with him ‘off to Madagascar’.
It also constantly shiftsbetween a
narrow focus on Darren (‘spends hours
every day feeding them’) and wider
general information (‘Cockroaches are
among the great survivors of the
animal kingdom’).

17. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
Which of the following text structures
also apply to this article? Identify any
you can find by text marking.
• Zooming in from something big to
something smaller
• Shifting between different times
• Moving from inside to the outside
world (or vice versa)
• Combining external actions with
internal thoughts
• Linking the beginning and ending
• Shifting between different points of
view
• Shifting between different places
• Developing and reiterating: focusing
on a dominant point of view by
expanding and repeating it

18. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
then
Shifts away from
Focusing
Introducing
The author then introduces
Developing
Changing
Concluding
FinallyEventually
How does
the structure
of the article
add to its
success?

19. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
A successful piece of writing also has a
variety of sentence forms.
Different types of sentence can be used
to create different effects.
This is short for ‘it is’. ‘It’ is the
subject; ‘is’ is the verb.

20. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
A successful piece of writing also has a
variety of sentence forms.
Different types of sentence can be used
to create different effects.
Both of these could
stand alone as a
simple sentence.
This is a
connective; it
joins the two
clauses together.

21. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
A successful piece of writing also has a
variety of sentence forms.
Different types of sentence can be used
to create different effects.
This is the main
clause. It could
stand alone as
simple sentence.
This clause cannot
stand alone. It is
dependent on the
main clause.

22. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
A successful piece of writing also has a
variety of sentence forms.
Different types of sentence can be used
to create different effects.
This fragment cannot
stand alone.

23. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
Now look at where each of the example sentences
appears in the article.
Are they being used to set the scene?
To shift the focus of the argument?
To give lots of information?
To take us by surprise?
Write down why each sentence is
effective in terms of structure, i.e.
why is it used there?
“It’s very much
a minority
view”
“They’ll eat almost anything and they can live
in the tiniest crack in the skirting board”
“The day Darren Mann left
primary school his teacher
presented him with a parting
gift”
“four hissing
cockroaches”

24. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
then
Shifts away from
Focusing
Introducing
The author then introduces
Developing
Changing
Concluding
FinallyEventually
How has the
writer
structured the
article to
engage the
reader?

25. WWW/EBI
Self assess your work,
marking WWW/EBI onto
the text as you read.
What band would you
award for this answer?

27. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
You will be writing
around each of these
extracts in your books.
Make sure you leave
enough room to
complete your ideas for
each!

28. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
The first part of Orwell’s sentence appears very
ordinary but then it changes.
1) What effect is created by each of the two clauses?
2) Why do you think the writer has created the
contrast?
3) What do you think might be happening?
“It was a bright cold day in April
and the clocks were striking
thirteen.”

29. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled
into his breast in an effort to
escape the vile wind, slipped
quickly through the glass doors
of Victory Mansions, though not
quickly enough to prevent a swirl
of gritty dust from entering along
with him.”
Having captured the reader’s attention, Orwell
introduces a character, Winston, and where he lives.
He uses a short paragraph so as not to give too much
away. Why?
1) Pick out three words or phrases which you find
evocative and write down the connotations of
each one.

30. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“The hallway smelt of boiled
cabbage and old rag mats. At
one end of it a coloured poster,
too large for indoor display, had
been tacked to the wall…”
For a writer, starting a new paragraph is similar to a
film director using the camera to change the
perspective – it focuses us on something new. Here,
Orwell moves our focus from character to setting.
1) Highlight any clues that suggest the society in
which Winston lives is different to our own.

31. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“Inside the flat a fruity voice was
reading out a list of figures which
had something to do with the
production of pig iron. The Voice
came from an oblong metal
plaque …”
Here, the focus changes again. The first words of this
paragraph signal to the reader that the action is moving
from outside to inside. This creates a more personal,
intimate view of where Winston lives.
1) Highlight any words from this paragraph or the rest of
the extract which create the effect of greyness or
misery.

32. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“He moved over to the window: a
smallish, frail figure, the
meagerness of his body merely
emphasized by the blue overalls
which were the uniform of the
Party. His hair was very fair, his
face naturally sanguine, his skin
roughened by coarse soap and
blunt razor blades and the cold
of the winter that had just
ended.”
Again, the reader shifts and now focuses on the
character of Winston. You can imagine how, in a film, the
camera might have panned across the walls of the room
before zooming in on Winston.
1) What does the word ‘meagreness’ suggest about
Winston and his life?
2) Why do you think he is wearing ‘the uniform of the
party’?
3) What is the effect of describing his skin as ‘roughened
by coarse soap and blunt razor blades’?

33. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“Outside, even through the shut
window pane, the world looked
cold. Down in the street little
eddies of wind were whirling dust
and torn paper into spirals, and
though the sun was shining and
the sky a harsh blue, there
seemed to be no colour in
anything except the posters that
were plastered everywhere.”
Orwell uses the start of the paragraph to shift the
reader’s focus again and uses the window as a structural
device to widen the reader’s perspective beyond the
room where Winston is standing.

34. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
George Orwell wrote 1984 to express his fear of government
becoming too powerful. Let’s look at how the structure builds
up through each stage.
Shifting focus
First introductions
Wider perspectives
“In the far distance a helicopter
skimmed down between the
roofs, overhead for an instant
like a blue-bottle, and darted
away again with a curving flight.
It was the Police Patrol,
snooping into people's windows.
The patrols did not matter,
however. Only the Thought
Police mattered.”
The writer has taken us on a journey from the beginning
of the extract, introducing the character and setting, and
creating a sense of unease and fear, through the
structure and language he has used.

35. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
“In the far distance a
helicopter skimmed down
between the roofs, overhead
for an instant like a blue-
bottle, and darted away
again with a curving flight. It
was the Police Patrol,
snooping into people's
windows. The patrols did not
matter, however. Only the
Thought Police mattered.”
What images and language does the writer use in these
final short extracts to convey the impression that
Winston lives in a hostile, oppressive society?
“Outside, even through the
shut window pane, the world
looked cold. Down in the street
little eddies of wind were
whirling dust and torn paper
into spirals, and though the
sun was shining and the sky a
harsh blue, there seemed to
be no colour in anything
except the posters that were
plastered everywhere.”

36. How has the
writer
structured to
the text to
show Malala’s
growing fears?

37. Q3: How has the writer structured the text to interest you as a reader?
then
Shifts away from
Focusing
Introducing
The author then introduces
Developing
Changing
Concluding
FinallyEventually
How has the
writer
structured to
the text to
show Malala’s
growing fears?

38. WWW/EBI
Self assess your work,
marking WWW/EBI onto
the text as you read.
What band would you
award for this answer?