Esta presentación está basada en la materia gramática inglesa II y el tema que se trata es "Verb Phrases"

1. Verb Phrases
Grammar II
• Isabel Benitez
• María Sol Manuli
• Marlene Zambrano

2. O Future Time
• Modal will, ‘ll, semi-auxiliary be going to
• Modal shall
• Simple present, present progressive
• Other auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries
O Modal auxiliaries
• Can/Could
• May/might
• Will/would
• Shall/Should
• Should/ought to
• Must, cannot/can’t, have to, have got to, need
• Past time reference of modals
• Special uses of past modals
Marlene
Isabel
Sol

3. • Future Time: modal will, ‘ll, semi-
auxiliary be going to
• Please arrive at 8,45 for registration as
the first teaching session will start at 9
promptly.
• I won’t be a second Richard I’m just
going to berserk for a while and I’ll then
start again

4. Future time: modal shall
O Well, If I get bored with the company
I shall come and find you
Future time: Simple present and
present progressive
•The coach leaves in ten minutes
•We’re going to the café. Won’t you join
us?

5. Future time: other auxiliaries
and semi-auxiliaries
O I keep thinking I must do something
about it

6. Future with a past period
O He was watching her being destroyed right
in front of him.
O He would never thereafter know precisely
why he did what he did next
O I was just thinking about art because I was
going to get back to painting after not
doing any for a year in a half
O I was going on holiday to Slovenia but HF
cancelled this last weekend
O You will have noticed this isn’t a
synthesizer this is a human being

7. Modal Auxiliaries
The first in the sequence of
auxiliaries in a verb phrase
They may function as
OPERATORS
Each of the modals has two
kinds of meaning:
DEONTIC Human control
EPISTEMIC Judgement
of the truth-value

8. Can/Could
O Ability
O Can you cook any rice this way?
O Could you bit a more specific than that?
O Permission
O You can take these
O Could I have the…slides on and the slides
out?
O Possibility
O Can this be sent?
O I have not forgotten you-How could I?

9. May / might
O Permission
O If I might just say
something…
O You may come in if
you wish
O Possibility
O I may be staying
around to the end of
the week or I may go
back tomorrow
O You might be
interested in it

10. Will/ Would
O Future Prediction
O He’ll be nineteen on
Friday
O Present prediction
O The tourist season
will be over by now
O Habitual prediction
O My door will always
be open to you
O Volition
O I will answer you in
a minute
O I would like it done
on Wednesday if
possible

11. Should/ ought to
O Probability
O It’s ten o’clock. He
should be/ought
to be at work
O We should see him
there
O She ought to be in
Canada now
O Obligation
O People should
take/ ought to take
better care of the
environment
O We ought to give
more money to the
charity

12. • It’s Sunday, he
must be at home
• MUST: possible
replacements: CAN-
HAVE TO- HAVE
GOT TO
• It’s Sunday, he
can’t be at work
• You must listen to
your Grammar teacher.
• We have to be at the
airport at nine o’clock
• I’ve got to phone
mum tonight.
• Past equivalent: HAD
TO-HAD GOT TO
• You must listen to
your Grammar teacher.
• We have to be at the
airport at nine o’clock
• I’ve got to phone
mum tonight.
• Past equivalent: HAD
TO-HAD GOT TO

13. Past time reference of
modals
MUST + marginal
modals NEED
TO and OUGHT
TO
PAST TENSE FORM
Marginal modal
USED TO PRESENT TENSE
• Can/ Could
• May/ might
• Shall/should
• Will/would
PRESENT
AND PAST
FORMS

14. O COULD and WOULD.
O USED TO
O HAD TO, HAD GOT TO,
NEEDED TO
O May be used with
PAST TIME
REFERENCE
MODAL
PERFECT
Modal verb +
perfect auxiliary
HAVE
• I could drive a tractor
before I knew how to drive a
car (ability)
• Every morning I would get
up early and feel the
chickens (habitual
behaviour)

15. Special uses of past modals
O The Past tense of
modals is often used
with present or
future time
reference, as a
more tentative or
more polite
alternative to the
present tense
O The present time reference of
O COULD for ability:
O The shop had nothing that I could
afford
O For permission: Could I leave a bit
early today?
O Possibility: There could be trouble if
the government tries to force this
measure through
O MIGHT for permission and
possibility:
O The expedition might be quite
dangerous
O WOULD for Volition: Would you
please sit back close your eyes and try
and envisage the scene.

16. Special uses of past modals
Coul
d
Might
Should
Would
Back shifting of the
present tense form
in indirect speech
He said
he’d put
the letter
in the
post later

17. All the past tense modals
WOULD (for present
and future time) and
WOULD HAVE (for
past time)

18. Activities
1.Identify the Verb Phrases in the following
clauses and underline them. Then, identify the
meaning of the modal verbs.
a) I couldn't ride my bike when I was six.
b) Can she win an Olympic medal?
c)May we come in?
d)If you go to bed earlier, you might feel better
tomorrow.
e) I'll win this singing contest!
f) We shall be away next week.
g) You should work hard.
h) It ought to be fine tomorrow.
i) Students must not use their dictionaries in the
examination.