The document discusses the hydrosphere and the water cycle. It defines the hydrosphere as all water on Earth's surface, including oceans (97% of which is salt water), lakes, rivers, groundwater, glaciers, ice caps, and clouds. It describes the three stages of the water cycle: evaporation and transpiration of water into the atmosphere, condensation of water vapor into clouds, and precipitation of water back to the surface through rain, snow, or hail. It also lists some properties of water and ways to conserve water resources.

1. UNIT 6:THE
HYDROSPHERE

2. THE HYDROSPHERE
 The hydrosphere is all the water on the surface of the
Earth.
 Water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one of
oxygen. (H2O)
 More than 70% of the planet is covered by water.
 97% is salt water and 3% is fresh water.
 Water is distrubuted in:
 Oceans
 Continental waters: Lakes, rivers,
groundwater.
 Glaciers and ice caps
 Clouds

3. THE WATER CYCLE
There are three stages:
 Water becomes part of the atmosphere:
 Evaporation: The sun heats and evaporates the water in
rivers, lakes and oceans.
 Transpiration: Animals and plants release water vapour
into the atmosphere.
 Water returns to the surface of the Earth:
 Condensation: Water vapour cools down and condenses,
forming clouds.
 Precipitation: Water falls to the surface of the Earth.
 Water circulates throughout the surface of the Earth:
 Surface run-off: Water moves along the slopes of
mountains.
 Infiltration: The rain water filters into the ground, forming
aquiferous.

5. ACTIVITIES
1.Answer the questions:
a)How much of earth’s surface is covered by water?
b)What is the name of the water in a solid form?
c)What causes evaporation?
2. Choose the correct answer:
a) Evaporation/Transpiration occurs when plants lose
water from their leaves.
b) Salt water/Fresh water is more abundant on Earth.
c)Rain and hail are different types of
precipitation/condensation.

6. 3. Tick (√) the correct state of water:
Solid Liquid Gas
A river
An iceberg
A glacier
A cloud
A lake
4. In what state do we find the largest quantity of fresh
water on Earth?
5.List the different types of continental waters.

7. 6.Complete using the water cycle:
a) The sun heats the water:________
b) Water falls to the surface of the
Earth:_________
c) Water moves along the slopes of
mountains:________
d) The rain water filters into the ground,
forming aquiferous:________
e) Water vapour cools down and
condenses:________
f) Animals and plants release water
vapour:___________

8. WATER IS A UNIQUE COMPOUND
 Special properties of water:
 Water is a good solvent.
 Water absorbs and accumulates heat.
 Anomalous dilation: ice density is lower than water density.
Physical properties of
water
Fusion 0ºC
temperature
Boiling point 100ºC

9. THE IMPACT ON WATER
 Pollution of water:
 Sewage
 Plastics, batteries, oil, etc.
 Other impacts:
 Overexploitation of groundwaters.
 The building of dams for storing water.

10. SAVE WATER!
 Have a shower instead of a bath.
 Turn off the tap when brushing our teeth.
 Turn off the tap when washing our hands.
 Only use the dishwasher or washing machine when
they are full.
 Water plants at night so that water is not evaporated.
 Repair water leaks.

12. ACTIVITIES
7. What are the main properties of water?
8. What is the the percentage of fresh water
on Earth?
9.True or false?
a)Water can’t dissolve substances.
b)Water freezes at -4ºC
c)Most of the water on Earth is underground.
10. What impacts affect water?