14. • Several days
later, clouds may
again gather in
the sky and
produce rain that
creates new
puddles.
15. • These events illustrate the process known
as the water cycle.
16.
17. • The water cycle happens because of
four repeating processes:
transpiration, evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation.
18.
19. • The water cycle,
also called the
hydrologic cycle,
is the continuous
movement of
water between
the surface of
Earth and the
troposphere.
20. •
Transpiration is the process in which
some water within plants evaporates
into the atmosphere. Water is first
absorbed
by the
plant’s roots,
and then later exits
by evaporation
through pores in the
plant.
21. Evaporation
• Evaporation is the
process in which
liquid water changes
into invisible water
vapor (water in the
form of gas). Heat
from sunlight makes
evaporation happen.
22. Condensation
• Condensation is the process in which
water vapor changes into liquid water.
Condensation occurs as air with water
vapor in it cools. Clouds are evidence
of condensation. Clouds are formed
when water vapor cools and condenses
into tiny liquid water droplets.
23. Precipitation
• Precipitation occurs when water or a form
of ice falls from the atmosphere to Earth’s
surface. Precipitation forms when water
droplets in clouds grow and become too
heavy to stay in the atmosphere.
24.
25. • 1. What percentage of water on Earth is salt water
(Ocean & Sea) and freshwater?
• 2. Where is most of the freshwater found and in
what form?
• 3. What are the 3 repeating processes of the water
cycle?
• 4. How many miles is between the ground and the
troposphere.
• 5.What process changes liquid water into water
vapor?
• 6. What causes evaporation to happen?
• 7. What process changes water vapor into liquid
water?
• 8. What is the water on Earth constantly moving
between?
• 9. What is the evidence of condensation?
• 10. What is water called in the form of gas?
26. Quiz
• 1. What process changes water vapor into
liquid water?
• 2. What is the evidence of condensation?
• 3. What is water called in the form of gas?
• 4. What causes evaporation to happen?
• 5.What process changes liquid water into
water vapor?
27. • 1. What process changes water vapor into
liquid water? Condensation
• 2. What is the evidence of condensation?
Clouds
• 3. What is water called in the form of gas?
Water Vapor
• 4. What causes evaporation to happen? Heat
from the Sun
• 5.What process changes liquid water into
water vapor? Evaporation
34. II. Surface
Water collects
in ponds and
lakes.
–
A) Water collects in low areas
to form ponds and lakes. In
some places, the land surface
dips below the level of
underground water.
35. B) Water enters lakes and ponds as
precipitation and may have water so deep
that no sunlight reaches the bottom.
37. D) In places with cold winters,
the cool water layers of lakes
switch places with warm
water. This is known as
turnover
38. E) Eutrophication
is an increase in
the nutrient level
of a lake or pond,
caused by a build
up of dead
organism or by
pollution, such as
nitrogen from
fertilizers and
phosphates from
detergents.
41. III. Most fresh water on
Earth is frozen
A) Two –thirds of the fresh
water on Earth is in the form of ice,
mostly in huge ice sheets that cover
land near the poles.
42. B) These are continental glaciers. Valley glaciers
build up in mountainous areas and flow slowly
down between mountains.
43. C) Sometimes a chunk of a glacier
breaks off to form an iceberg that
floats in the ocean.
44. • Only about
1/8 of the
total
volume and
weight of
an iceberg
floats
above the
water
45. 11.2 Quiz
1. What pulls the water down hill?
2. Where does all the water eventually flow
to?
3. When the water flows down a divide,
where does it go?
4. When does lake turnover occur?
5. How much of the world’s fresh water is
ice?
46. 6. How much of an iceberg floats above
water?
7. What is it called when a chunk of a glacier
breaks off
8. What are the large ice sheets called?
9 List one difference between a pond and a
lake
10 List another difference between a pond
and a lake.
47. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ANSWERS
1. Gravity
2. Sea or Ocean
3. Drainage Basin
4. Spring and Fall
5. 2/3
6. 1/8
7. Ice burg
8. Glaciers.
9 & 10. Pond is smaller
Pond is shallow
Pond has plants.
49. Fresh water flows underground.
• I. Water fills
underground spaces.
– A) Some water sinks
into the ground. Plants
use some of it, and the
rest sinks deeper into
earth and is held
underground as
groundwater.
50. • B) Either ground materials are permeable, and
water can flow through them; or they are
impermeable, and water cannot flow through
them.
55. • D) Water sinks into Earth until it reaches an
impermeable layer.
56. • E) The water table is the top of the area
that is saturated with water.
57. • F) An underground layer of permeable
rock or sediment that contains water is an
aquifer.
58. • G) In an aquifer, groundwater is stored in
permeable material located over or beside
impermeable rock that prevents the water
from draining away.
59. • H) Aquifers filter and clean water and
provide a water source for people on
Earth.
60. • II. Underground water can be brought to
the surface.
– A) People collect groundwater from springs
and wells.
61. • B) A spring is a place where the
surface of the land dips below the
water table and water bubbles up from
the ground.
62. • C) A well is a hole drilled into the ground
to reach groundwater.
63. • D) An artesian well is a well in which
water flows to the surface naturally
because of pressure exerted below the
surface.
64. • E) A hot spring is a place where water
heated underground reaches the surface.
65. • F) A geyser is a
special kind of hot
spring that shoots
water into the air.
66. In between fresh and salt water.
• III. Somewhere in between fresh
and salt water is brackish water.
– A) Brackish water is found in an
estuary
67. • B) An estuary is the area where a river
empties into and ocean.
– 1. The water in an estuary is a mixture of
fresh and salt water.
68. 11.3 Quiz
Who am I?
• Word Box
•
•
•
•
•
Well
Geyser
Water table
Freshwater
Brackish
Artesian Well
permeable
Aquifer
saltwater
Spring
impermeable
groundwater
Estuary
69. • 1. I am water that is a mixture of
salty and fresh water.
• 2. I am the type of material that
lets water flow through me.
• 3. I am water that is held
underground.
70. • 4. I am an underground layer of water that
is held in permeable rock.
• 5. I am a well in which water flows upward
because of pressure beneath the surface.
• 6. I am material that does not allow water
to pass through.
71. • 7. I am a layer of water trapped between
impermeable rock and permeable
material.
• 8. I am a type of spring that due to
pressure, I shoot water into the air.
• 9. I am an area where fresh water meets
the ocean.
72. • I am the type of water that you depend on
for survival.
73. Oceans (Ch 13.1)
S6E3. C Describe the composition,
location and surface topography of the
ocean
Essential
Question
Where does
the salt in the
ocean come
from?
74. 1. Location of Ocean water
• A. Altogether, the oceans cover
approximately 70% of Earth’s surface
area.
75. • B) Earth is the only planet in the solar
system that contains substantial amounts
of water.
76. • C. Earth’s five oceans are named the
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and
Arctic.
77. 2. Composition of the Ocean
Water
• A) When scientist refer to the salinity
of the ocean, they are mainly referring
to the amount of dissolved salt in the
water (Sodium Chloride) and the
amount of other elements.
78. • B) Water that contains dissolved
solids, such as salts, is heavier than
the same amount of water with no
dissolved solids. In other words salt
water has a greater density than fresh
water.
79. • C) Gases, such
as oxygen,
nitrogen and
carbon dioxide,
are also dissolved
in the ocean
water.
80. • D) Animals in the water get oxygen
because oxygen is dissolved in the
water.
82. • A) Continental Shelf –
– A continental shelf is the flat or gradually
sloping land that extends underwater from the
edge of a continent to a continental slope.
83. • B) Continental slope
– A continental slope is land that drops down steeply
at the edge of a continental shelf
84. • C) Submarine Canyons –
– Cut through the continental shelf and slope
85. • D) Ocean trenches are narrow, steepsides clefts in the ocean floor.
86. • E) An abyssal plain is a wide, flat area of
the ocean floor that is covered with a thick
layer of sediment
87. • F) A mid-ocean ridge is a chain of
mountains that run through an ocean
basin.
88. • G) Volcanic Islands are underwater
volcanoes tall enough to reach above
the surface
91. Ocean Currents
• S6E3. D Students will explain the
cause of the waves, currents and tides.
• Chapter 13.2
92. Ocean Currents.
• A) Great rivers of water, called ocean
currents, flow through the world’s
oceans. There are two types of ocean
currents: Surface currents and Deep
currents.
94. Surface Currents
• B) Earth’s rotation curls surface
currents
• C) Surface currents rotate clockwise in
the Northern Hemisphere and counter
clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
95. Deep Currents
• A) Deep currents are caused by
differences in water density.
96. Deep Currents
• B) Dense
water sinks
bringing
oxygen down
from the
surface. This
is called
Downwelling.
The oxygen
allows
animals to
live in the
deep ocean.
97. Deep Currents – Cont’d
• C) Upwelling is the
movement of water up
to the surface. Because
this process brings up
nutrients fro the deep
ocean, large numbers of
ocean animals live in
areas where upwelling
occurs.
98. Currents interact with climate
and weather.
• Currents help distribute heat around
the Earth by moving warm water away
from the equator and cool water away
from the north and south poles.
99. Waves
• S6E3. D Students will explain the
cause of the waves, currents and tides.
•
Chapter 13.3
100. 1. Causes of Waves
•
•
•
•
A) strong wind
B) earthquakes
C) landslides
D) underwater volcanic eruptions.
102. A wave in the ocean has the
same basic shape as many other
waves
• The crest is the high point of the wave
• The trough is the low point of the wave
• Wave height is the vertical distance
between the top of the crest and the
bottom of the trough.
• Wavelength is the distance between
one wave crest and the next.
104. Waves cause Currents
• A) Longshore Current
– Moves water parallel to the shore.
• B) Rip Current
– Are narrow streams of water that break
through sandbars and drain rapidly back
to sea. Rip currents occur when high
winds or waves cause a larger-than-usual
amount of water to wash back from the
shore.
105. Tides
• S6E3. D Students
will explain the
cause of the
waves, currents
and tides.
• Chapter 13.4
106. Tides
• Tides are
changes in
ocean water
levels that take
place in a regular
pattern. Tides
are controlled
mostly by the pull
of gravity
between the
moon and Earth.
107. • The force of gravity
due to the moon
pulls ocean water
away from Earth’s
surface. As earth
rotates, water is
pulled up onto the
shore at parts of
Earth that face
directly toward or
away from the
moon, causing high
tides.
108. Spring Tide
• During the new moon and the full moon,
the moon, the sun and the Earth are lined
up.
• The gravity of the Sun and the gravity of
the Moon combine to pull Earth’s waters in
the same directions.
• The result is a smaller tidal bulge and tidal
dip, called a spring tide.
109.
110. Neap Tides
• During the first and third quarter moons ,
the Sun and the Moon are not lined up
with Earth.
• The gravity pulls from a different direction.
• The result is a smaller tidal bulge and tidal
dip, called a neap tide.
111. Tidal Range
• Tidal range is the difference in height
between a high tide and the next low tide.
112. • At the same
time, ocean
water is pulled
away from the
shorelines of
points on Earth
that are not
pulled by the
moon at that
moment. These
areas experience
low tides.
