IULM Swarming in narrative ecosystem

Smile and the world will smile back:) Narra1ve ecology as a design experiment Kai Pata Tallinn University Based on: hAp://1hane.ﬁles.wordpress.com/2009/11/pata_designexperiment_book.pdf

Some topics •  Hybrid ecosystem •  Design experiment: Narra1ve ecology •  Narra1ve swarming

What is a hybrid ecosystem? •  Hybrid refers to the structural property of the world that is achieved by deliberate blending of geographical spaces with collabora1ve environments (such as blogs, microblogs, wikis, social repositories and ‐networks). •  The borders of geographical spaces and par1cipatory soSware environments can be blurred or eliminated embedding ar1facts across borders.

What is a hybrid ecosystem? •  Ecosystem term together with its explanatory sub‐concepts place and niche describes how such hybrid geographical places and par1cipatory soSware environments together with their users also represent a complex func1onal system. –  Place is a personally meaningful spot in the surrounding environmental space, containing holis1c conglomera1on of events, objects, emo1ons and ac1ons of an individual in the place . –  A niche in our context is a community‐speciﬁc and community‐determined subspace in hybrid ecosystem, an op1mally meaningful region for the community.

Ecosystem of knowledge

What is a hybrid ecosystem? •  Hybrid ecosystem is an ecologist view to the dynamic system consis1ng of an augmented space in which ac1vi1es of people with various ar1facts in geographical loca1ons using par1cipatory social soSware create a feedback loop to this space that inﬂuences the evolu1on of communi1es and determines their interac1on in this space.

Hybrid space and narra1ve self •  The everyday ac1vi1es of many networked individuals ﬂow and connect real world with virtual worlds. •  The extension beyond our real spaces towards virtual ones makes us distributed beings spa1ally and ac1vity‐based. •  Is a hybrid narra,ve one of our new way of being?

Favorite digital extensions in hybrid ecosystem Can we map our ac1vity ﬂow and our narra1ves in hybrid ecosystem?

We hybridize places •  In the course of ac1on we hybridize places, enabling for ourselves interac1on with the space using tangible, visible, audible, olfactory cues. •  We no1ce, use and signify meaningful dimensions of the space and make them into our places. •  We extend ourselves into the hybrid space, being part of our places through ac1vi1es, emo1ons and meanings. •  Hybrid ecosystem func1ons as a result of our hybrid percep1on as a peculiar explora1ve strategy.

Understanding aspects of human cogni,on We have diﬀerent perspec1ves to places but some1mes What? perspec1ves overlap Narra1ves can be geo‐loca1vely embedded to the urban places We can experience and share and collaborate on narra1ves in virtual reality Engineering innova,ve How? learning environments for collabora,on

Ontospace as a representa1on of hybrid ecosystem •  Hybrid ecosystem can be visualised as an ontospace •  Ontospace dimensions – such as tags define the abstract space… what we do then can be called ontobranding •  So ontospace is defined boAom up way, it contains soS ontology •  Ideally ontospace can have geocoordinates, meaning coordinates, also coordinates in virtual world •  Taking a perspec7ve… defining my place in ontospace during ac1on, for example during narra1ve ac1on •  Niche is a community space in ontospace •  We always try to adopt our behaviors so that we fit into the niche •  Each individual of the community leaves signals and longer traces as a trajectory to ontospace, thus defining the community niche. •  Hybrid ecosystem is always in the evolving state

Characteris1cs of design experiments •  Design experiments are: –  Mediated by innova1ve technology, –  Embedded in everyday social contexts, –  Models that help to test new learning paradigms, –  Useful to create fundamental scien,ﬁc understanding of learning and knowledge‐building. •  Challenges of design experiments: –  Complexity of real‐world situa,ons and their resistance to experimental control, –  Large amounts of data arising from a need to combine ethnographic and quan1ta1ve analysis, –  Comparing across designs.

Learning materials Wikiversity link rss link link Course tools Course registra1on, Course tasks and reﬂec1on Course monitoring outline link link rss rss link link, rss link Reﬂec1on Storytelling tools Personal tools Group tools Design experiment Wikiversity Hybrid ecology

Design‐based research tes1ng theories DEVELOPING DESIGN 1 WHY? TESTING DESIGN THEORY WHAT? HOW? 2 EVALUATING THEORY What is our theory of How is storytelling in construc1ng narra1ves in hybrid reality performed hybrid ecologies? eﬀec1vely?

Storytelling in new media •  We may try to reintroduce old formats of ﬁc1on in new social soSware environments. –  A typical approach is to segment the story into small chapters, making it available to the broad audience who is allowed to rate or comment the story. •  Yet, it is important to ﬁnd out, which completely new storytelling standards might emerge in hybrid ecosystem.

Imaginary obtains geographical dimensions Imaginary town created from people’s stories My father would go to look sea in Cliﬀs and take a beer in local brewery hAp://www.oldton.com/our_oldton.html

Diﬀerent modes of wri1ng may express diﬀerent rela1onships to space and mobility. Experiencing “Shadow of the wind” in Barcelona: a hybridized story in geographical loca1ons hAp://www.carlosruizzafon.co.uk/shadow‐walk.html

Design‐based research to develop systems & methods Which theories are applicable? ACCOMMODATING THEORY PRACTICE WITH THEORY THEORY WHY? EVALUATING DESIGN PRACTICE WHAT? HOW? Which tools and methods might work?

Visibility within hybrid ecosystems Ecosystems are not closed to visitors and contributors

Swarming •  Describes self‐organizing behavior in popula1ons by which local interac,ons between decentralized simple agents can create complex global swarming behavior. •  Every agent is only responsible for its individual ac1ons. •  Swarm intelligence refers to systems which accomplish complex global tasks through the simple local interac1ons of autonomous agents. •  Swarm intelligence relies upon the emergent proper1es of its components to manifest itself. Emergence is the process by which complex paAerns form out of the interac1on of simpler rules.

Examples

AAractors are leS on the trail •  Foraging is a behavior of loca1ng food and transpor1ng it back to the nest. •  The ants are individuals responding to their own Deposit aDractant pheromone on sensory informa1on and the trail from food. pheromone signals. Follow the pheromone up its concentra,on gradient to the •  Pheromones are chemical source. basis for ant communica1on Increase pheromone concentra,on to aAract more. deposited/detected by ants. This posi,ve feedback loop produces a swarm of ants to quickly transport the food source.

Individuals become trail markers •  For a low density of individuals it is beneﬁcial to use linear chains to form a path for search. •  With high density of individuals, a more branched structure is a beAer choice for search. Campo & Dorigo, 2008

AAractor is connected with building blocks In the ﬁrst, a termite picks up a soil pellet, mas1cates it into a paste and injects a termite‐ aArac1ng pheromone into it. When the pellet is deposited, the pheromone s1mulates nearby termites to pellet‐gathering behavior and makes them more likely to deposit their pellets nearby. Second, small obstacles in the terrain s1mulate pellet deposits and can seed pillars. Finally, a trail pheromone allows more workers to be drawn to a construc1on site. Building the termite nest is a swarming behavior

Types of communica1on in swarms •  altering the environment •  reading informa,on from the environment For example, when an individual ﬁnds some loca1on of interest it deposits a chemical signal, which draws other agents to it. By using this method the environment itself becomes a shared memory.

Individual search Detect the signal disturbance Detec1ng aAractor Selected no1cing object Feedback loop Finding food Following the from the signal trail environment Collec1ng and leaving signal trail Analogy Increasing pheromone Modiﬁed signal concentra1on False pheromone Fading in 1me

Swarm‐individual viability •  In social swarms individuals rely on the swarm behavior. •  Swarm level ac1vi1es create condi1ons for individual viability. Social soSware mashing pulling INDIVIDUAL AS A social retrieval NARRATOR

Quan1ta1ve deﬁni1on of swarm intelligence •  Performance gains through swarming occurs when a cri,cal mass of agents come together and enter a posi,ve feedback loop. •  Explicit use of the environment in agent interac1ons means that environmental dynamics are directly integrated into the system’s control, and in fact can enhance system performance.

Narra1ve cues in swarms •  Swarms are communi1es in which decision‐ making takes place based on cues/traces leS by individual swarm members in the environment or picked up from their real ac1vi1es. •  These cues may be small narra1ve or visual pierces or longer stories.

Individual search Detect the signal Dis1nguishing Previous disturbance feature experience No1cing a story Detec1ng aAractor Analogy Selected no1cing object Feedback loop Following the from the signal trail environment Visibility Collec1ng and Collabora1ng, Wri1ng narra1ve, leaving signal trail cloning the mashing, tagging, story geo‐tagging Abduc1on Increasing aAractor Modifying the signal New concentra1on story Expanding, transla1ng, interpre1ng

Story dimensions in joint blog Awareness in ﬂickr and twiAer

Standards: Monitoring mashed narra1ves is most popular

Hybrid narra1ves as digital graffi1? Hybrid graffi1 flows between the real place and the virtual narra1ve

Embedding self to the narra1ves

Shadow signatures as digital watermarks on narra1ves Some1mes narrator is a part of the picture as a shadow.

Places evoke personal stories Day two Day one Day three

Used by Geroli Reusing and muta1ng the content Reused by Auli Originally uploaded by Olga

Personal stories: comparing other pictures with own

Your memory ﬁlters stories

Your emo1on ﬁlters the story Smile and the world will smile back:) In Red Narra1ve, I tried to express my emo1ons visually (signs, leAers, places, abstract shapes). I chose red because this color is expression of hidden hyper feelings and thoughts (trying to come over the sickness, par1cipa1ng in diﬀerent events, avoiding the depressive moments, some failures in studies, errors in some situa1ons, organiza1ons, contrasts of emo1ons, lack of sun, winter, spring feelings, etc). This is a conceptual collec1on of “similar” photos labeled in “red”.

Image repositories as triggers of personal narra1ves How would you describe happiness?

Entangled dimensions as triggers Perceiving several dimensions simultaneously enables to tag loca1vely ac1vi1es, emo1ons and even these percep1ons that we cannot really transfer through virtual reality.

Playing with literary narra1ves From the legend Estonia is a country of legends. 'When you fly into Estonia, you go over Lake Ülemiste, which lies high up to the east of the city. The lake has an inhabitant, according to local myth – the 'Ülemiste Elder' (Ülemiste vanake), who by legend comes to the city gates every Thursday and asks 'Is Tallinn finished yet?' To which the residents answer, 'No, not yet' – if they answer 'yes', the figure would then flood the city.

Referencing on literature Gosh! I never thought I would see Voldemort statue... I mean You Know Who... Hope he is not a social network addict :)

Contras1ng subjects and environment Be classy even if You are on trash bin!

Collabora1on emerges without planning Places are powerful triggers Embedding feelings to places

Themes are followed Buildings and places are personiﬁed and loaded emo1onally

Collabora1on triggers: food

Collabora1on triggers: emo1ons

Collabora1on: ac1vity on the picture triggers curiosity

Dedica1ng content as a form of collabora1on Dedicated image

A tram narra1ve example Adding content to another story •  Yesterday I walked around and recorded some city sounds ‐ like tram and trolleybuses speaking out next stop names, voices on the streets and so on. Had an idea that maybe Geroli would like to enrich her tram narra1ve with a sound ﬁle as well. But of course I picked the wrong tram :)

Picking up traces and ac1ng in geographical places

Ini1a1ng Social art ac1vity

Mixed body parts •  As in previous projects there were less people on images I came up with the idea of new narra1ve using parts of bodies in urban environment and trace the dimension of urban hybrid being, thus research how diﬀerent people perceive and par1cipate. •  For this experiment common tag besides #narra1veecology is mixedbodies and then for par1cular images ‐ head, foot, torso, arm. •  In ﬂickr you can easily organise photos in a batch (rotate, add tags, geo loca1on to all needed pictures at once and send them to the group sets ;).

The ﬂickr group is created Mixed body parts and you are welcome to add your body parts. It is not easy to trigger par1cipa1on

Commen1ng as a form of no1cing Embedding ac1on triggers to the hybrid space I don’t exactly know what this pain1ng represents, but it caught my eye. On one hand it made me think of panthers hiding, on the other hand I was thinking of movement. Do you see something else in it?

Map explora1on from the pool of narra1ves

Map as the trigger for narra1ves

Mapped stories: Narra1ve paths in the city Make your narra1ves sequen1al on the map by using My maps of the Google Map. Start a map and draw your path on the map. The Flickr images can be pulled as a new layer on top of your personal map and you can search only speciﬁc tags enrich your map.

Following the trace in town and collabora1ng I can follow his trail hihihihi… Collabora1ng on “Hats” OAavio ‐ #narra1veecology hats! ‐ photo: hAp:// bkite.com/078fo. hAp://1nyurl.com/cld87z

Used by Geroli Reusing and muta1ng the content Reused by Auli Originally uploaded by Olga

Collabora1vely Love ac1vated city dimensions trees Let’s imagine that you wish to collaborate on the map. One person switches on one tag dimension and adds something on the collabora1ve map. Another collaborator may switch on totally diﬀerent tag and the images direct to make more adds on the map.

Stories as narra1ve dimensions The tag onto‐space of my stories I have wriAen three stories: ‘an ecology story’ is about my percep1ons related to theory of narra1ve ecology; ‘an invasion story’ is about natural world invading as ar1facts; and ‘ sustainable message story’ is about messages that are recycled on ar1facts.

Surveillance •  Par1cipa1ng in social networks resides on social surveillance. •  However, when many transac1ons are aggregated, paDerns become visible. •  Narra1ve paAerns may be used to assemble a detailed proﬁle revealing the ac1ons, habits, beliefs, loca1ons frequented, social connec1ons, and preferences of the individual. •  Swarms can use it as environmental informa1on to adopt them beDer to the environment.

Sousveillance [suːˈveɪləns] •  Involves community‐based recording of an ac1vity from the perspec1ve of a par1cipant in the ac1vity. •  Personal sousveillance is the art, science, and technology of personal experience capture, processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission.

Swarm marke1ng •  In social networks •  Swarm decides, leads and makes its own choices •  The main is triggering swarm and leaving swarm signals

Marke1ng swarms by Chuck Brymer •  Today, we are dealing with a swarm where people gather and deposit informa1on with the collec1ve intelligence of an en1re social network. •  Ul1mately the swarm decides whether your brand is a peer or a predator, and does so quickly and disrup1vely. •  Since you only control part of this informa1on, it will become more cri1cal than ever to engage the people who inﬂuence swarm communi,es. •  Once a swarm has been launched, human overseers can observe its emerging behavior and intervene on an excep,on basis.

Swarm marke1ng of shoes for na1onal dance party in Facebook, Microblog and social repositories (eg. Flickr)

Untrustworthy communica1on is possible •  An enemy trying to conceal the search target, may spread false signals to aAract the agents to a loca1on of liAle interest. •  Strategy: respond to an external signal only if it passes a threshold value. •  Strategy: in case of detected communica1on disturbance enter to an isola,on state for a 1me and act independently not responding to external signals.

Swarm marke1ng of na1onal items in Facebook What happens if compe1ng brand uses swarming in same ecosystem?

Ques1ons •  What kind of aAractors work in the hybrid ecology swarms? •  Can these aAractors be used for triggering marke1ng swarms? •  Monitoring swarm paAerns becomes essen1al to sell beAer, to trigger for swarming, but how can we monitor automa1cally? •  Can we avoid being monitored without harming swarming? What and where to restrict access, and think of security?

Contact: Kai Pata kpata@tlu.ee blog: hAp://1hane.wordpress.com

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IULM Swarming in narrative ecosystem

by Kai Pata

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