The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
IULM Swarming in narrative ecosystem
1. Smile and the world will smile back:)
Narra1ve ecology as a design
experiment
Kai Pata
Tallinn University
Based on: hAp://1hane.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/pata_designexperiment_book.pdf
3. What is a hybrid ecosystem?
• Hybrid refers to the structural property of the
world that is achieved by deliberate blending
of geographical spaces with collabora1ve
environments (such as blogs, microblogs,
wikis, social repositories and ‐networks).
• The borders of geographical spaces and
par1cipatory soSware environments can be
blurred or eliminated embedding ar1facts
across borders.
4. What is a hybrid ecosystem?
• Ecosystem term together with its explanatory
sub‐concepts place and niche describes how such
hybrid geographical places and par1cipatory
soSware environments together with their users
also represent a complex func1onal system.
– Place is a personally meaningful spot in the
surrounding environmental space, containing holis1c
conglomera1on of events, objects, emo1ons and
ac1ons of an individual in the place .
– A niche in our context is a community‐specific and
community‐determined subspace in hybrid ecosystem,
an op1mally meaningful region for the community.
6. What is a hybrid ecosystem?
• Hybrid ecosystem is an ecologist view to the
dynamic system consis1ng of an augmented
space in which ac1vi1es of people with
various ar1facts in geographical loca1ons
using par1cipatory social soSware create a
feedback loop to this space that influences the
evolu1on of communi1es and determines
their interac1on in this space.
7. Hybrid space and narra1ve self
• The everyday ac1vi1es of many networked
individuals flow and connect real world with
virtual worlds.
• The extension beyond our real spaces towards
virtual ones makes us distributed beings
spa1ally and ac1vity‐based.
• Is a hybrid narra,ve one of our new way of
being?
9. We hybridize places
• In the course of ac1on we hybridize places, enabling
for ourselves interac1on with the space using tangible,
visible, audible, olfactory cues.
• We no1ce, use and signify meaningful dimensions of
the space and make them into our places.
• We extend ourselves into the hybrid space, being part
of our places through ac1vi1es, emo1ons and
meanings.
• Hybrid ecosystem func1ons as a result of our hybrid
percep1on as a peculiar explora1ve strategy.
11. Ontospace as a representa1on of
hybrid ecosystem
• Hybrid ecosystem can be visualised as an ontospace
• Ontospace dimensions – such as tags define the abstract space…
what we do then can be called ontobranding
• So ontospace is defined boAom up way, it contains soS ontology
• Ideally ontospace can have geocoordinates, meaning coordinates,
also coordinates in virtual world
• Taking a perspec7ve… defining my place in ontospace during ac1on,
for example during narra1ve ac1on
• Niche is a community space in ontospace
• We always try to adopt our behaviors so that we fit into the niche
• Each individual of the community leaves signals and longer traces as
a trajectory to ontospace, thus defining the community niche.
• Hybrid ecosystem is always in the evolving state
12. Characteris1cs of design experiments
• Design experiments are:
– Mediated by innova1ve technology,
– Embedded in everyday social contexts,
– Models that help to test new learning paradigms,
– Useful to create fundamental scien,fic
understanding of learning and knowledge‐building.
• Challenges of design experiments:
– Complexity of real‐world situa,ons and their
resistance to experimental control,
– Large amounts of data arising from a need to
combine ethnographic and quan1ta1ve analysis,
– Comparing across designs.
13. Learning materials
Wikiversity
link rss link link
Course tools
Course registra1on, Course tasks and reflec1on Course monitoring
outline link
link rss
rss
link link, rss link
Reflec1on
Storytelling tools
Personal tools
Group tools
Design experiment
Wikiversity
Hybrid ecology
14. Design‐based research tes1ng theories
DEVELOPING DESIGN
1
WHY?
TESTING
DESIGN
THEORY
WHAT? HOW?
2
EVALUATING THEORY
What is our theory of How is storytelling in
construc1ng narra1ves in hybrid reality performed
hybrid ecologies? effec1vely?
15. Storytelling in new media
• We may try to reintroduce old formats of
fic1on in new social soSware environments.
– A typical approach is to segment the story into
small chapters, making it available to the broad
audience who is allowed to rate or comment the
story.
• Yet, it is important to find out, which
completely new storytelling standards might
emerge in hybrid ecosystem.
16. Imaginary obtains geographical
dimensions
Imaginary town created from people’s stories
My father would
go to look sea in
Cliffs and take a
beer in local
brewery
hAp://www.oldton.com/our_oldton.html
18. Design‐based research
to develop systems & methods
Which theories are applicable?
ACCOMMODATING
THEORY
PRACTICE WITH
THEORY
THEORY
WHY?
EVALUATING DESIGN
PRACTICE
WHAT? HOW?
Which tools and
methods might work?
20. Swarming
• Describes self‐organizing behavior in popula1ons by
which local interac,ons between decentralized simple
agents can create complex global swarming behavior.
• Every agent is only responsible for its individual
ac1ons.
• Swarm intelligence refers to systems which accomplish
complex global tasks through the simple local
interac1ons of autonomous agents.
• Swarm intelligence relies upon the emergent
proper1es of its components to manifest itself.
Emergence is the process by which complex paAerns
form out of the interac1on of simpler rules.
22. AAractors are leS on the trail
• Foraging is a behavior of
loca1ng food and
transpor1ng it back to the
nest.
• The ants are individuals
responding to their own Deposit aDractant pheromone on
sensory informa1on and the trail from food.
pheromone signals. Follow the pheromone up its
concentra,on gradient to the
• Pheromones are chemical source.
basis for ant communica1on Increase pheromone concentra,on
to aAract more.
deposited/detected by ants. This posi,ve feedback loop
produces a swarm of ants to quickly
transport the food source.
26. Individual search
Detect the signal
disturbance
Detec1ng aAractor
Selected no1cing
object
Feedback loop
Finding food Following the from the
signal trail environment
Collec1ng and
leaving signal trail Analogy
Increasing pheromone
Modified signal
concentra1on
False pheromone
Fading in 1me
28. Quan1ta1ve defini1on of swarm
intelligence
• Performance gains through swarming occurs
when a cri,cal mass of agents come together and
enter a posi,ve feedback loop.
• Explicit use of the environment in agent
interac1ons means that environmental dynamics
are directly integrated into the system’s control,
and in fact can enhance system performance.
29. Narra1ve cues in swarms
• Swarms are communi1es in which decision‐
making takes place based on cues/traces leS
by individual swarm members in the
environment or picked up from their real
ac1vi1es.
• These cues may be small narra1ve or visual
pierces or longer stories.
30. Individual search
Detect the signal
Dis1nguishing Previous disturbance
feature experience
No1cing a story
Detec1ng aAractor Analogy Selected no1cing
object
Feedback loop
Following the from the
signal trail environment
Visibility
Collec1ng and Collabora1ng,
Wri1ng narra1ve,
leaving signal trail cloning the
mashing, tagging,
story
geo‐tagging Abduc1on
Increasing aAractor Modifying the signal
New
concentra1on story
Expanding, transla1ng, interpre1ng
42. Entangled dimensions as triggers
Perceiving several dimensions
simultaneously enables to tag
loca1vely ac1vi1es, emo1ons
and even these percep1ons
that we cannot really transfer
through virtual reality.
43. Playing with literary narra1ves
From the legend
Estonia is a country of legends.
'When you fly into Estonia,
you go over Lake Ülemiste,
which lies high up to the east
of the city. The lake has an
inhabitant, according to local
myth – the 'Ülemiste
Elder' (Ülemiste vanake), who
by legend comes to the city
gates every Thursday and asks
'Is Tallinn finished yet?' To
which the residents answer,
'No, not yet' – if they answer
'yes', the figure would then
flood the city.
52. A tram narra1ve example
Adding content to another story
• Yesterday I walked around and
recorded some city sounds ‐ like
tram and trolleybuses speaking
out next stop names, voices on
the streets and so on. Had an
idea that maybe Geroli would
like to enrich her
tram narra1ve with a sound file
as well. But of course I picked
the wrong tram :)
55. Mixed body parts
• As in previous projects there were less people on
images I came up with the idea of new narra1ve using
parts of bodies in urban environment and trace the
dimension of urban hybrid being, thus research how
different people perceive and par1cipate.
• For this experiment common tag besides
#narra1veecology is mixedbodies and then for
par1cular images ‐ head, foot, torso, arm.
• In flickr you can easily organise photos in a batch
(rotate, add tags, geo loca1on to all needed pictures at
once and send them to the group sets ;).
57. Commen1ng as a form of no1cing
Embedding ac1on triggers to the hybrid space
I don’t exactly know what this
pain1ng represents, but it caught
my eye. On one hand it made me
think of panthers hiding, on the
other hand I was thinking of
movement.
Do you see something else in it?
60. Mapped stories: Narra1ve
paths in the city
Make your narra1ves sequen1al on the map by using My
maps of the Google Map.
Start a map and draw your path on the map.
The Flickr images can be pulled as a new layer on top of
your personal map and you can search only specific tags
enrich your map.
61. Following the trace in town and
collabora1ng
I can follow his trail hihihihi…
Collabora1ng on “Hats”
OAavio ‐ #narra1veecology hats! ‐ photo: hAp://
bkite.com/078fo. hAp://1nyurl.com/cld87z
62. Used by Geroli
Reusing and
muta1ng the
content
Reused by Auli
Originally uploaded by Olga
63. Collabora1vely
Love
ac1vated city
dimensions trees
Let’s imagine that you wish to collaborate on the map.
One person switches on one tag dimension and adds
something on the collabora1ve map.
Another collaborator may switch on totally different tag
and the images direct to make more adds on the map.
64. Stories as narra1ve dimensions
The tag onto‐space of my stories
I have wriAen three stories:
‘an ecology story’ is about my percep1ons related to theory of narra1ve ecology;
‘an invasion story’ is about natural world invading as ar1facts; and
‘ sustainable message story’ is about messages that are recycled on ar1facts.
65. Surveillance
• Par1cipa1ng in social networks resides on social
surveillance.
• However, when many transac1ons are
aggregated, paDerns become visible.
• Narra1ve paAerns may be used to assemble a
detailed profile revealing the ac1ons, habits,
beliefs, loca1ons frequented, social connec1ons,
and preferences of the individual.
• Swarms can use it as environmental informa1on
to adopt them beDer to the environment.
69. Marke1ng swarms by Chuck Brymer
• Today, we are dealing with a swarm where people
gather and deposit informa1on with the collec1ve
intelligence of an en1re social network.
• Ul1mately the swarm decides whether your brand is a
peer or a predator, and does so quickly and
disrup1vely.
• Since you only control part of this informa1on, it will
become more cri1cal than ever to engage the people
who influence swarm communi,es.
• Once a swarm has been launched, human overseers
can observe its emerging behavior and intervene on an
excep,on basis.
71. Untrustworthy communica1on is
possible
• An enemy trying to conceal the search target,
may spread false signals to aAract the agents
to a loca1on of liAle interest.
• Strategy: respond to an external signal only if
it passes a threshold value.
• Strategy: in case of detected communica1on
disturbance enter to an isola,on state for a
1me and act independently not responding to
external signals.
73. Ques1ons
• What kind of aAractors work in the hybrid
ecology swarms?
• Can these aAractors be used for triggering
marke1ng swarms?
• Monitoring swarm paAerns becomes essen1al to
sell beAer, to trigger for swarming, but how can
we monitor automa1cally?
• Can we avoid being monitored without harming
swarming? What and where to restrict access,
and think of security?