Dr. Kate Esposito

1. STUDENTS with SPECIAL Needs

2. Free Appropriate Education (FAPE) Exceptional learners are those who require special education if they are to reach their full human potential.

3. Some Disabilities are Physically Evident others aren’t

4. 4 Allyn and Bacon 2012 Prevalence Approximately 10 in every 100 students are identified as exceptional and receive special education. Over 5 million students in the U.S. receive special education services. Changes in prevalence for certain disabilities.

5. Categories of Disability Under IDEIA Autism Speech or language impairments Orthopedic impairments Hearing impairments Deaf/blindness Traumatic brain injury Other health impairments Cognitive Disabilities Developmental delays Visual impairments Specific learning disabilities Multiple disabilities Emotional disturbance

6. 5 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003 Special Education means specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student. Possible forms of Special Education: Special materials Specialized teaching techniques Specialized equipment Related services

7. Special Education is not a place Levels of integration. How and how much the student differs from average students. Resources available in the school and community. Least Restrictive Environment.

8. Continuum of Placement Options

10. Special education consultation

11. Itinerant teacher

12. Resource teacher

13. Diagnostic-prescriptive center

14. Hospital or homebound instruction

15. Self-contained class

16. Special day school

17. Residential schoolLeast Physically Integrated 7 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003

18. Individuals with Disability Act Child Find Zero Reject Free Appropriate Education Non-discriminatory assessment Parent Consent and due process Least Restrictive Environment

19. 6 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003 Legal Mandates IDEIA Guarantees free appropriate education to students who are not making adequate educational progress If the child has a disability that adversely affects educational performance, the child is eligible for special education services under IDEA Section 504 Plans “A physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities.” Obesity Diabetics HIV

20. Students with Learning Disabilities Aptitude achievement discrepancy A learning disability can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. The skills most often affected are: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and doing math.

21. Autism one of Fastest growing categories Wide range of abilities Majority have cognitive disabilities Social skills Language

22. Reasons for Increase in Disabilities Children living in poverty, poor nutrition Babies born to teenage mothers Babies born to mothers with poor prenatal care, nutrition Babies born with low birth weight Environmental hazards Children subjected to abuse Cuts in social programs and services

23. 8 Teacher’s Roles Moderate proponents Suggest that general educators take more responsibility for students with disabilities Radical proponents Recommend that special education be eliminated as a separate, identifiable part of education

24. General Education Teachers’ Role Have access to the individualized education program; Shall be knowledgeable of the content of the individualized education program; and Shall be informed specific responsibilities related to implementing a pupil's individualized education program Understand and implement the specific accommodations, modifications and supports student entitled to. See California Education Code Section 56347

25. Identify and understand accommodations and modifications specified on the IEP Ensure that accommodations & modifications are being implemented

26. ENSURING ACCESS Grades cannot be reduced for students with IEP and receiving accommodations or specialized instruction. Modify instruction to meet students needs Hold student to high expectations

27. Remember By the time a students with a disability has been identified he/she has failed academically. By the time the student reaches middle school or high school—years of failure

28. Questions