In this class we consider the general form and purpose of Arts and Crafts in England and Scotland.

1. ARCH 417
Fall 15

3. agenda 9.14.15
today: finish Vienna, move on to Arts + Crafts in UK
Wednesday: go over paper assignment; Art Nouveau

4. Josef Hoffman, Salzer apartment, 1902

6. Adolf Loos, bedroom in his own apartment, 1903

7. woman, Vienna, c. 1900

8. Gustav KLIMT
Portrait of Adele
Bloch-Bauer
1907

9. Gustav KLIMT
The Kiss
1907

10. Sigmund FREUD (1856-1939)
• medical doctor, earned
degree at University of
Vienna, 1881
• began by treating
hysteria through
hypnosis
• discovery of the
"unconscious" through
dreams, slips of the
tongue, jokes
• invention of the "talking
cure"

11. what is hysteria?

12. Hysteric under hypnosis at the clinic of Dr. Charcot, Paris

13. Adolf Loos (1870—1933)
• born in Austro-
Hungarian Empire
• his father was German
and a stonemason
• studied locally and then
in Dresden
• traveled in US 1893-6
(attended World's
Columbian Exposition)
• returned to Vienna to
practice architecture

14. "Ornament and Crime"
design diatribe by Adolf Loos
• written in 1908
• first given as lecture on 21 January 1910 in Vienna
• first published in Cahiers d'aujourd'hui (1913) in French
• not published in German until 1929

17. Loos' conclusion
"The evolution of culture marches with the elimination of
ornament from useful objects."
"No ornament can any longer be made today by anyone who
lives on our cultural level ... Freedom from ornament is a sign
of spiritual strength."

18. "Looshaus" (1910)
• Goldman &
Salatsch Building
• on
Michaelerplatz.
• in central Vienna
• "house without
eyebrows"

22. Villa Steiner (1910)

24. garden facade

25. Raumplan
"My architecture is not
conceived by drawings, but
by spaces. I do not draw
plans, facades or
sections… For me, the
ground floor, first floor do
not exist… There are only
interconnected continual
spaces, rooms, halls,
terraces… Each space
needs a different height…
These spaces are
connected so that ascent
and descent are not only
unnoticeable, but at the
same time functional”
—Loos, conversation in
Pilsen, 1930

26. Villa Müller (1930)
http://socks-
studio.com/2014/03/03/i-
do-not-draw-plans-facades-
or-sections-adolf-loos-and-
the-villa-muller/
• built in Prague
• for a concrete
manufacturer
• even more severe
facade
• richly detailed interiors
• Raumplan

27. Arts + Crafts
England the world's most industrialized nation
Ill effects of industrialization were already much in
evidence in 1840s and 1850s
alienated labor—craftsperson no longer has a direct one-to-
one relationship to the product
loss of value in the product—shoddy workmanship, cheap
materials
loss of value in the maker as well—less sense of meaning
and connection to one's work

28. Arts + Crafts
solution: revaluation of craftsmanship and the process of
manufacture
John Ruskin: wrote about relationship of art, labor and
society
William Morris created new businesses that embodied the
philosophy
Arts + Crafts remained limited to the elite

29. Walter CRANE
Season Ticket for Arts &
Crafts Exhibition Society
1890

30. Red House, designed by Philip Speakman Webb for William and Jane Morris. Designed
1859; completed 1860. Bexleyheath, Greater London.

38. Charles Rennie
MACKINTOSH
born Glasgow, Scotland
(1868-1928)

39. Hill House
built 1902-3 for wealthy Scottish businessman
outside Glasgow, overlooking River Clyde

41. Hill House, garden facade

49. House for an Art Lover
(1989)
based on a 1901 unbuilt design by Mackintosh
outside Glasgow