Open access for researchers, policy makers and research managers, libraries

Open access for researchers, research managers and libraries Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.net Presented at “ Open Access: Maximising Research Quality and Impact ” wor kshop, July 22 2009, Kathmandu, Nepal

Why Open Access (OA)?

Why OA 2?

eIFL.net

4 0 00 libraries in 46 countries

Nepal

eIFL.net programs

1. Open access

2. Advocacy for access to knowledge :

copyright and libraries

3. Promoting free and open source software

for libraries

eIFL.net programs 2

4. 1+1=More and better.

The benefits of library consortia

5. Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing

6. Advocating for affordable and fair access to commercially produced scholarly resources

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries

to maximize access to knowledge via libraries for education, research and the public through fair and balanced copyright laws that take into account the needs of their users

to raise awareness of libraries and copyright, and to empower the eIFL.net community to become advocates and proponents of fair access for all

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 2

Highlights from 2008 :

eIFL.net staff with coordinators from South Africa, Ukraine and Zambia

provided national copyright information

for the WIPO commissioned study

on library copyright exceptions and limitations covering 149 countries

Highlights from 2008 continued :

eIFL.net and the European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations (EBLIDA) agreed to cooperate on copyright and European bi-lateral trade agreements

Responded to European Commission

Green Paper consultation on Copyright in the Knowledge Economy

Highlights from 2008 continued :

Held first annual eIFL-IP global conference ,

attended by over 40 countries

Joint eIFL/IFLA/EBLIDA conference on copyright and libraries with 50+ librarians from Moldova and region plus policymakers

First self-organised seminar by regional eIFL-IP representatives in Zambia

eIFL-FOSS

Success of the Greenstone pilot

in Southern Africa ,

leading to the SA Greenstone Support Network

Launch of Integrated Library Systems (ILS) project

UNESCO award for a Linux Thin Server Project How To Guide from Birzeit University to help libraries extend or maximize the usefulness of old computers

Negotiations

eIFL.net is advocating

for affordable access

to commercially produced electronic journals and databases through collective negotiations with publishers and aggregators

negotiation activity includes not only obtaining affordable prices , but also establishing fair terms and conditions for access to those resources by library users in developing and transitional countries

Consortium building

eIFL.net assists the countries in the building of sustainable national library consortia

a wide range of activities underpins this goal including: training events, national and regional workshops and meetings, individual country visits, grants, manuals, web resources

eIFL Open Access

eIFL Open Access 2

Focus for 2009/10:

Open access policies to be adopted by research funding agencies, universities and research organisations in eIFL.net countries

Sustainability of open repositories within the eIFL region

eIFL Open Access 3

Open Access Week , 19-23 October 2009

Advocacy materials for eIFL.net countries

Turning pilot repositories into strong operational tools ( open access resources create value through the impact they have on users )

Watching briefs on open access to data and open educational resources

eIFL Open Access 4

Evaluation of Institutional Repository Development in Developing and Transition Countries – a cooperative program between eIFL.net, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER project and Key Perspectives Ltd

case studies on institutional repositories from eIFL countries

a report on the implementation of open content licenses in developing and transition countries

What do scientists want?

What do scientists want? http :// wwmm . ch . cam . ac . uk / blogs / murrayrust /?p=1502

Story #1 : arXiv.org

Open Access Impact

Open access brings more rapid and

more efficient progress for scholarly research

http:// arxiv .org/

“ Brody has looked at the pattern of citations

to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically

at the length of the delay between

when an article is deposited and when it is cited,

and has published the aggregated data

for each year from 1991.”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Open Access Impact 2

“ As more papers are deposited and

more scientists use the repository ,

the time between an article being deposited

and being cited has been shrinking dramatically ,

year upon year”

“ This is important

for research uptake and progress ,

because it means that in this area of research,

where articles are made available at –

or frequently before – publication ,

the research cycle is accelerating ”

“ T he research cycle in high energy physics

is approaching maximum efficiency

as a result of the early and free availability

of articles that scientists in the field

can use and build upon rapidly ”

Story #2 : research article by cogdogblog http :// www . flickr . com / photos / cogdog /1635259272/

Uploaded b y Paul L McCord Jr http :// www . flickr . com / photos / plmccordj /2210724072/ and http :// www . flickr . com / photos / plmccordj /2209930435/ in / photostream /

Scholarly communication

Science is dynamic and collaborative and it is important to sustain the communication processes , rather than simply archiving research results in the form of a single journal article

Open education

Open Access

“ It is important to stress here

that publishing is a fundamental part

of the process of doing science .

Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money —

like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time —

but I am writing for fame:

I want everyone to read what I write…

For that reason we volunteer our services,

and we don’t get paid.

That is what makes Open Access

a powerful concept for scientists. ”

The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published on June 5th 2006 http:// poynder . blogspot .com/2006/06/interview-with- harold - varmus .html

Helicopter flight by phault http :// www . flickr . com / photos / pjh /171451412/

2 complementary strategies: Gold by Vitó http :// www . flickr . com / photos / janeladeimagens /192943825/

www. doaj .org

First Monday (Thank you Edward J. Valauskas !)

Contributions to First Monday

have routinely been expanded

into book form

by their authors

after initial publication in First Monday

Here are a few examples:

"The social life of documents"

by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid

First Monday, volume 1, number 1 (May 1996)

was expanded into the book entitled

The social life of information

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.

(reprinted by Harvard Business School Press in 2002 and 2006; Dutch translation "De waarde van informatie" published in 2000; Chinese translation "Zi xun ge ming le shen me?" in 2001; Korean translation "Bit`u eso ingan uro" in 2001; Portuguese translation "A vida social da informação" in 2001; Spanish translation "La vida social de la información" in 2001; Turkish translation "Enformasyonun sosyal yasami" in 2001; Japanese translation "Naze aiti wa shakai o kaenainoka" in 2002).

"Digital diploma mills:

The automation of higher education"

by David F. Noble

First Monday, volume 3, number 1 (January 1998)

Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education

New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.

(reprinted 2002 with new afterward by the author)

"The cathedral and the bazaar"

by Eric S. Raymond

First Monday, volume 3, number 3 (March 1998)

The cathedral and the bazaar

Cambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly, 1999.

(Revised edition 2001)

First Monday

has cooperated with MIT Press

in publishing excerpts

from new

books

in the virtual pages of the journal

- Information ecologies: Using technology with heart by Bonnie A Nardi and Vicki O'Day

Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 1999.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 4, number 5 (May 1999)

- Change of state: Information, policy and power by Sandra Braman

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

- Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design by Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie Nardi

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

First Monday

Content from First Monday

has re-appeared in a variety of newspapers,

magazines, and journals around the world :

Business Week,

Los Angeles Times,

New York Times,

Scientific American,

Washington Post,

and Wired, among others

https :// wiki . library . jhu . edu / display / epubs / Home ? showChildren = false

2 complementary strategies - Green by Jim Frazier http :// www . flickr . com / photos / jimfrazier /140042827/

http :// www . opendoar . org /

http :// roar . eprints . org /

Open repositories

A digital repository is defined as

containing research output

institutional or thematic

and OAI compliant

( http://www. openarchives .org/OAI/ openarchivesprotocol .html )

(From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven)

Content

Peer-reviewed articles

Conference presentations

Books

Course packs

Annotated images

Audio and video clips

Research data

Content

Gray literature :

Preprints / working materials /

theses and dissertations / reports /

conference materials / bulletins /

grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports /

technical documentation / questionnaires…

http :// oad . simmons . edu / oadwiki / Disciplinary _ repositories

http ://search3. driver .research- infrastructures . eu / webInterface / simpleSearch . do ; jsessionid =30E69E7F5FDBD7BB9CB5AC829852074B? action = load

OA for students

Moving from print to electronic

– usage growth 145%

The most popular theses and dissertations

were downloaded 37,501 times (history )

and 33,752 times (engineering);

history one was published and was a long seller

(John Hagen, West Virginia University )

OA for students 2

69% of students

from the creative writing department

had more successful careers

if they went OA with their dissertations –

a good marketing tool for them

(John Hagen, West Virginia University )

http :// opcit . eprints . org /oacitation- biblio . html

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The Repository has made a splash page, with previews and usage stats ( Example from EPrints at University of Southampton)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The repository has made a bibliography for you …( Example from DSpace at Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …maybe personalised it with other information about you… ( Example from DSpace at University of Chicago, Illinois)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …set up a mailing list for you… Example from Digital Commons at Cal Poly

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Automatically updated your research group web pages (Example from IAM web site at University of Southampton, UK)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Less Administration: Management will use the information for the admin forms you would otherwise have to complete

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Update your Teaching Pages

Why open repositories?

Opening up the outputs

of the institution to the world

Maximizing the visibility and impact

of these outputs

Showcasing the quality of the research

in the institution

Collecting and curating

the digital outputs of the institution

Managing and measuring

research and teaching activities

Providing a workspace for work-in-progress

and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Enabling and encouraging

interdisciplinary approaches to research

Facilitating the development and sharing

of digital teaching materials and aids

Supporting student endeavours ,

providing access to theses and dissertations

and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Institutional and national level

research assessment and research management , bringing together research expertise

across the institution and country

Information rich collaboration ,

effective decision-making

and successful research activity

Improved governmental policy

and public health care outcomes

The Power of Open Access

There are considerable

economic, social and educational benefits

to making research and other outputs available without financial, legal and technical

barriers to access

OA mandates

http :// www . arl . org / bm ~ doc /transformational- times . pdf

Common Themes

“ Libraries need to change their practices

for managing traditional content

and develop new capabilities

for dealing with digital materials of all types,

but especially new forms of scholarship, teaching and learning resources,

special collections

(particularly hidden collections),

and research data.”

Common Themes 2

“ Content industries

inevitably seek to extend control over the copyright regime and over content, in general, while libraries, authors, and research institutions endeavor to provide more access to and active management

of the intellectual assets produced by the academy.”

Common Themes 3

“ Radical reconfiguration of research library organizations and services is needed

coupled with an increasingly diverse and talented staff

to provide needed leadership

and technical skills

to respond to the rapidly changing environment .”

Common Themes 4

“ New relationships

must be formed with library users

to support rapid shifts

in research and teaching practices .”

Trends in Scholarly Communication

Transformations in scholarly communication practices are driving development

and re-engineering of library services:

• Libraries are moving into new service areas

like publishing support and repository services .

Repository services are moving beyond pre-print and post-print dissemination to include a wide range of content types, clients, and service needs.

Library services

increasingly are developed

in collaboration with other units on campus

and with partners at other institutions.

“ the economic situation

could be favourable

to the further development

of open access publishing”

“ Open Access publication mandates

may well be adopted by the funding councils

Data preservation will also likely be more widely mandated .

Systematic enforcement of the mandates

will depend on the development

of appropriate repositories,

whether disciplinary or institutional .”

OA & libraries

OA

has permanently changed

the field of scholarly communication

OA & libraries 2

OA has changed

the profile of academic and research libraries

– more and more they have become partners

in research, data-curation and education ,

ensuring the quality of digital resources

is maintained, and openly sharing these resources with their users

OA & libraries 3

Academic and research libraries

are also developing

advanced and enhanced metrics

– a new range of standardized indicators based on reader (rather than author-facing) metrics

and much more still remains to be explored

Map of science

Changing landscape

In this changing environment

for scholarly communication

academic and research libraries

need to be

agile,

creative,

risk-taking

and innovative

in order to respond to the needs

of a new generation of faculty and students

Changing landscape 2

Science is dynamic

and collaborative

and it is important

to sustain the communication processes,

rather than to simply archive research results

in the form of a single journal article

Changing landscape 3

Librarians and information specialists

need to be involved in the early planning

and data-modelling phases

of research

in order to accelerate learning

and discovery,

and libraries will need

to become core collaborators on campus,

using technology

to advance scholarly communication

and enable a climate of openness

http :// www . arl . org / bm ~ doc /repository-services- report . pdf

Next steps – researchers and students

Publish articles in OA journals

Self-archive in open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – researcher managers

Introduce OA polices

Transform the journals into OA journals

Set-up open repositories

Next steps – libraries

Set-up open repositories

Help researchers and students to self-archive

Help to publish OA journals and create open educational resources

Next steps – libraries 2

Help in data curation and sharing

Thank you ! Questions ? Iryna Kuchma iryna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www. eifl .net The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License