2. Training Evaluation
• Training evaluation refers to activities aimed at
finding out effectiveness of training programs
against the training objectives for which these
programs were organized
• It is a planned process that provides specific
information about a selected topic/ session or
program for purposes of determining value and/
or making decisions
3. Uses of Evaluation
• To determine success in meeting program objectives
• To identify strengths and weaknesses of training
activities
• To compare costs to benefits
• To decide who should participate in future programs
• To test clarity and validity of tests, cases and exercises
• To determine if program was the appropriate solution for
specific need
• To establish database that can help management in
decision making about future programs
• To reinforce major points made to the participants
5. Level Evaluation
type (what is
measured)
Evaluation description and
characteristics
Examples of evaluation tools and
methods
Relevance and
Practicability
1 Reaction Reaction evaluation is how the
delegates felt about the training or
learning experience.
'Happy sheets', feedback forms.
Verbal reaction, post-training surveys
or questionnaires.
Quick and very easy
to obtain.
Not expensive to
gather or to analyse
2 Learning Learning evaluation is the
measurement of the increase in
knowledge - before and after.
Typically assessments or tests before
and after the training.
Relatively simple to
set up; clear-cut for
quantifiable skills.
Interview or observation can also be
used.
Less easy for
complex learning.
3 Behaviour Behaviour evaluation is the extent
of applied learning back on the job
- implementation.
Observation and interview over time
are required to assess change,
relevance of change, and
sustainability of change.
Measurement of
behaviour change
typically requires
cooperation and skill
of line-managers.
4 Results Results evaluation is the effect on
the business or environment by
the trainee.
Measures are already in place via
normal management systems and
reporting - the challenge is to relate to
the trainee.
Individually not
difficult; unlike whole
organisation.
Process must
attribute clear
accountabilities.
8. Calculating ROI
• Once data is collected, ROI Analysis
begins with deliberate attempts to isolate
effects of training on data items; Some
strategies to accomplish this are:
9. Calculating ROI
• Next step is to convert the data to monetary
value
– Direct conversion of hard data – quantity, quality, cost
or time
– Conversion of soft data to place monetary value on
improvements; Techniques are
• Historical costs
• Supervisor estimation
• Management estimation
• Expert opinion
• Participation estimation
• External studies
• Next calculate costs of the program
10. Calculating ROI
• ROI Formula is the annual net program
benefits divided by the program costs;
• Where,
• Net benefits are monetary value of
benefits minus costs of the program
11. CIRO Model
• Context – collect information about organizational
deficiency, identify needs and sets objectives at 3 levels
–
– Ultimate objectives (overcome particular deficiency)
– Intermediate objectives (changes in work behavior require for
ultimate objectives to be met)
– Immediate objectives (new knowledge, attitude, skills or attitude
employee requires to reach intermediate objectives)
• Input – involves obtaining and using information about
possible training resources to choose between
alternative inputs to training
• Reaction – involves obtaining and using information
about participants reactions
• Outcomes – involves obtaining and using information
about results
12. Methods of data collection
Method Advantages Limitation
Interview Flexible, opportunity for clarification,
depth possible, personal interaction
High reactive effects, high cost,
face to face threat potential,
labour-intensive, time consuming
Questionnaire Low cost, honesty increased if it is
anonymous, respondent sets pace,
variety of options
Possible inaccurate data, on the
job responding conditions are not
controlled, respondent sets
varying paces, return rate of
questionnaire difficult to control
Direct
Observation
Non-threatening, excellent way to
measure behavior change
Possibly disruptive, reactive effect
possible, may be unreliable,
trained observers needed
Written test Low purchase cost, readily scored,
quickly processes, easily administered,
wide sampling possible
May be threatening, possible low
relation to job performance,
reliance on norms may distort
individual performance
Performance Test Reliable, objective, close relation to job
performance
Time consuming, simulation often
difficult, high development cost
Performance Data Reliable, objective, job based, easy to
review, minimal reactive effects
Lack of knowledge of criteria for
keeping or discarding records,
information system discrepancies
13. Designs of training evaluation
• One group pre-test, post test design
• Randomized non-equivalent control group
design ; Group that undergoes training –
experimental group, the one that doesn’t is
control group
• Randomized equivalent control group
design
• Post test only control group design –
prevents effects of pre-test sensitivities
14. Suggestions for better evaluation
• Plan your metrics before writing survey questions
• Ensure the measurement is replicable and scalable
• Ensure measurements are internally and externally
comparable
• Use industry accepted measurement approaches
• Define value in eyes of stakeholders
• Leverage automation and IT
• Manage the change associated with measurement
• Ensure your metrics have flexibility
