The document discusses techniques for analyzing the use of cameras in textual analysis. It describes two main ways cameras should be analyzed: framing and movement. Framing refers to the camera's distance, angle, and point of view in relation to the subject. Various shot types are defined based on distance from the subject, including extreme long shot, long shot, and close-up. Camera angles are also described, such as high angle, low angle, and wide angle shots. Movement techniques include pans, tilts, tracking shots, zooms, and aerial shots. Key terms are defined for both framing and movement techniques.

1. Use of the Camera
Textual analysis

2. Camera should be analysed in
two ways:
Framing
Movement

3. Framing
• Camera’s distance from the subject
• Camera angle in relation to the subject
• Point of view

4. Distance
• Extreme long shot
• Long shot
• Medium Long Shot
• Mid shot
• Medium Close Up
• Close up
• Big Close up
• Extreme close up

5. The following are examples of
basic framing techniques…

6. Shot Types (Framing)

7. Angle in relation
to subject
• High angle
• Low angle
• Wide Angle

8. HIGH ANGLE SHOT
• Taken from above,
sometimes used to
create a sense of
vulnerability.

9. LOW ANGLE SHOT
• Taken from below.
Often creates a
sense of power &
authority

10. WIDE ANGLE SHOT
A lens
which
allows the
audience
to see
more
peripheral
detail.

11. POINT OF VIEW SHOT
• Camera shot as if
through the eyes of a
protagonist, this will give
the audience more
information about what
the character knows and
share their experience,
(often we are being
asked to empathise with
the character).

12. Look at the following still
• What type of shot is it?
• What elements of the image are being
emphasised?
• What angles are being played upon in
this image?
• Why do you think this image has been
framed in this way?

14. Look at the following, in each
case say…
• What type of shot is it
• Why it has been framed in this way
• Remember you are describing
composition and effect.

19. Key Terms
(Framing)
• Extreme long shot (ELS)
• Long shot (LS)
• Medium Long Shot (MLS)
• Mid shot (MS)
• Medium Close Up (MCU)
• Big Close Up (BCU)
• Close-up (CU)
• Extreme close-up (ECU)
• High angle
• Low angle
• Wide Angle
• Point of view

20. Key Terms
(Movement)
• Pan (Whip Pan)
• Tilt
• Dolly/Tracking Shot
• Zoom
• Crane
• Steadicam / Handheld
• (Aerial Shot) Flying-Cam

21. PANNING SHOT
• The camera
operator stays still
and the camera
moves to follow
action, or often a
moving object
like a vehicle.

22. TRACKING SHOT
• Where the camera
operator moves
alongside the
action.

23. CRANE SHOT
• Using a crane or
similar to create
high angle shots.

24. AERIAL SHOT
• Using
helicopters or
planes to
provide an
extreme high
angle shot.

25. Types of Shot
• There are a number of different shots
which have specific functions within a
film or TV programme:

26. ESTABLISHING SHOT
• A shot, often
outside, that
indicates where
action will take
place.
Establishing shot from Friends

27. MASTER SHOT
• A shot
that is
used at
the
beginning
or end of
‘sections’
.
Master Shot from The Weakest Link

28. FRAMING SHOT
• Using a piece of
set or scenery to
frame a shot.

29. TWO-SHOT
• When two people
are in the shot.
Two-shot, Easy Rider Two-shot, Lethal Weapon 3

30. Analyse this
In terms of camera