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  • 1. Бүлэг 10 Төсөл бол хар хайрцаг биш юм Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMcGraw-Hill/Irwin
  • 2. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Сэдэв Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ – Хугарлын цэгийн шинжилгээ Монте Карло симуляци Бодит сонголт ба шийдвэрийн мод
  • 3. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Тодорхой бус байдлыг хэрхэн арилгах вэ? Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ- Борлуулалт, зардлын гэх мэтийн өөрчлөлтийн төсөлд үзүүлэх нөлөөг шинжлэх Хувилбарын шинжилгээ- Өгөгдсөн тодорхой таамаглалуудын хослолыг шинжлэх. Симуляци шинжилгээ- Хоорондоо ялгаатай боломжит үр дүнгүүдийн магадлалыг тооцох. Хугарлын цэгийн шинжилгээ- Компаний хугарлын цэг дэх борлуулалтын түвшин эсвэл бусад хувьсагчдыг шинжлэх
  • 4. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ Жишээ Otobai компаний скутерийн төслийн хүлээгдэж буй мөнгөн урсгалын таамаглал өгөгдсөн бол капиталын өртөг 10%-ийг ашиглан төслийн өнөөгийн цэвэр үнэ цэнийг тооц. Таны өөрчлөх нэг хувьсагчаас бусад нь тогтмол үлдэнэ гэж таамагла.
  • 5. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ 315-FlowCashNet 3.0flowcashOperating 1.5after taxProfit 1.550%@.Taxes 3profitPretax 1.5onDepreciati 3CostsFixed 30CostsVariable 37.5Sales 15-Investment 10-1Years0Year Жишээ - үргэлжлэл NPV= 3.43 billion Yen
  • 6. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ Жишээ - үргэлжлэл Боломжит үр дүн bil2bil3bil4CostFixed 275,000300,000360,000CostVarUnit 380,000375,000350,000priceUnit .16.1.04ShareMarket mil1.1mil1.0mil.9SizeMarket OptimisticExpectedcPessimistiVariable Range
  • 7. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ Жишээ - үргэлжлэл NPV тооцоолол, Зах зээлийн хэмжээг өөдрөгөөр төсөөлсөн NPV= +5.7 bil yen 3.3815-FlowCashNet 3.38flowcashOperating 1.88after taxProfit 1.8850%@.Taxes 3.75profitPretax 1.5onDepreciati 3CostsFixed 33CostsVariable 41.25Sales 15-Investment 10-1Years0Year +
  • 8. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Мэдрэмжийн шинжилгээ Жишээ - үргэлжлэл NPV боломжууд (Billions Yen) 6.53.40.4CostFixed 11.13.415.0-CostVarUnit 5.03.44.2-priceUnit 17.33.410.4-ShareMarket 5.73.41.1SizeMarket OptimisticExpectedcPessimistiVariable Range
  • 9. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Хугарлын цэгийн шинжилгээ  NPV=0 байх үеийг хугарлын цэг гэж үзнэ.  Otobai Motors-ийн хугарлын цэг 85,000 нэгж. Sales, 000’s PV (Yen) Billions 400 200 19.6 85 200 Break even NPV=0 PV Inflows PV Outflows
  • 10. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Electric Scooter – NPV Cash Flows, Years 1-10, Billions Base Case High Oil Prices and Recession Case 1 Revenue 37.5 44.9 2 Variable cost 30.0 35.9 3 Fixed cost 3.0 3.5 4 Depreciation 1.5 1.5 5 Pretax profit (1-2-3-4) 3.0 4.0 6 Tax 1.5 2.0 7 Net profit (5-6) 1.5 2.0 8 Net cash flow (4+7) 3.0 3.5 18.4 21.5 NPV 3.4 6.5 PV of cash flows
  • 11. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Electric Scooter - Таамаглал Base Case High Oil Prices and Recession Case Market size 1 million .8 million Market share 0.1 0.13 Unit Price 375000 431300 Unit variable cost 300000 345000 Fixed cost 3 billion 3.5 billion Assumptions
  • 12. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Electric Scooter - Хувилбарууд Inflows Year 0 Unit Sales, Thousands Revenue, Years 1-10 Investment Variable Costs Fixed Costs Taxes PV Inflows PV Outflows NPV 0 0 15 0 3 -2.25 0 19.6 -19.6 100 37.5 15 30 3 1.5 230.4 227 3.4 200 75 15 60 3 5.25 460.8 434.4 26.4 Outflows Years 1-10
  • 13. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Electric Scooter – НББ-ийн ашиг Unit Sales, Thousands Revenue Variable Costs Fixed Costs Depreciation Taxes Total Costs Profit after Tax 0 0 0 3 1.5 -2.25 2.25 -2.25 100 37.5 30 3 1.5 1.5 36 1.5 200 75 60 3 1.5 5.25 69.75 5.25
  • 14. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 14 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Electric Scooter – Мөнгөн урсгал Year 0 Year 1-10 Investment 15.00 1. Revenue 37.50 2. Variable cost 12.00 3. Fixed cost 19.00 4. Depreciation 1.50 5. Pretax profit (1-2-3-4) 5.00 6.Tax 2.50 7. Net profit (5-6) 2.50 8. Operating cash flow (4+7) 4.00 Net cash flow (15.00) 4.00
  • 15. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 15 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Monte Carlo Симуляци Алхам 1: Төслийг загварчлах Алхам 2: Магадлалыг тодорхойлох Алхам 3: Мөнгөн урсгалыг симуляци хийх Загварчлах үйл явц
  • 16. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 16 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Monte Carlo Симуляци
  • 17. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 17 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Уян хатан байдал ба Бодит сонголт Шийдвэрийн мод – Дараалласан шийдвэрүүд ба боломжит үр дүнгүүдийн диаграмм.  Шийдвэрийн мод нь компаниудад янз бүрийн сонголт ба үр дүнг харуулах замаар тэдгээрт сонголтоо хийхэд нь тусалдаг  Алдагдлаас зайлсхийх эсвэл нэмэлт ашиг хийх сонголт нь илүү үнэ цэнэтэй байдаг  Сонголт бий болгох чадвар нь худалдан авах эсвэл борлуулах үнэ цэнэтэй байдаг
  • 18. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 18 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод NPV=0 Don’t test Test (Invest $200,000) Success Failure Pursue project NPV=$2million Stop project NPV=0
  • 19. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Бодит сонголт 1. Өргөжүүлэх сонголт 2. Болих сонголт 3. Хугацааны сонголт 4. Уян хатан үйлдвэрлэлийн тоног төхөөрөмж
  • 20. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 20 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) +150(.6) +30(.4) +100(.6) +50(.4) -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? -150 0 or Turboprop Piston
  • 21. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 21 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) +150(.6) +30(.4) +100(.6) +50(.4) -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? -150 0 or 812 456 660 364 148 Turboprop Piston
  • 22. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 22 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) +150(.6) +30(.4) +100(.6) +50(.4) -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? -150 0 or 812 456 660 364 148( ) ( ) 81220.22080.960 =×+× Turboprop Piston
  • 23. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 23 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? -150 0 or 812 456 660 364 148 +150(.6) +30(.4) +100(.6) +50(.4) *450 331 450150 10.1 660 =− Turboprop Piston
  • 24. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 24 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? -150 0 or 812 456 660 364 148 +150(.6) +30(.4) +100(.6) +50(.4) NPV=444.55 NPV=888.18 NPV=550.00 NPV=184.55 *450 331 18.888150 10.1 812 =+ Turboprop Piston
  • 25. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 25 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) 812 456 660 364 148 +150(.6) 710.73 +30(.4) +100(.6) 403.82 +50(.4) -150 0 *450 331 or NPV=444.55 NPV=888.18 NPV=550.00 NPV=184.55 -550 NPV= ? -250 NPV= ? ( ) ( )40.55.44460.18.888 ×+×= Turboprop Piston
  • 26. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 26 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) 812 456 660 364 148 +150(.6) 710.73 +30(.4) +100(.6) 403.82 +50(.4) -550 NPV=96.12 -250 NPV=117.00 -150 0 *450 331 or NPV=444.55 NPV=888.18 NPV=550.00 NPV=184.55 12.96550 10.1 73.710 =− Turboprop Piston
  • 27. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 27 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Шийдвэрийн мод 960 (.8) 220(.2) 930(.4) 140(.6) 800(.8) 100(.2) 410(.8) 180(.2) 220(.4) 100(.6) 812 456 660 364 148 +150(.6) 710.73 +30(.4) +100(.6) 403.82 +50(.4) -550 NPV=96.12 -250 NPV=117.00 -150 0 *450 331 or NPV=444.55 NPV=888.18 NPV=550.00 NPV=184.55 Turboprop Piston
  • 28. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 10- 28 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Web Resources www.jaxworks.com www.decisioneering.com www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/myerson