Not Your Father’s NRM: Understanding NRM in Post-Conflict Countries

Carl Bruch Environmental Law Institute

Partners: ELI, UNEP, Univ. of Tokyo
7 volumes, 150 chapters, 3,000 pages, 200 authors
> 50 countries
High-Value Resources
Land
Water
Livelihoods
Remediation & Restoration
Governance & Institutions
Synthesis

Afghanistan
2006 Logging Decree
Good Intentions
Bad Outcomes
What Happened?
Context is Key

Dem. Rep. Congo
NRM & Human Security in North Kivu
Bad Situation
Made Better
How?
Gorilla Rwanda (Source: R. Ruggiero/USFWS) Rape Survivors, South Kivu, DRC (source: L. Werchick/USAID)

NRM and conservation in post-conflict contexts
Demands situational awareness …
and conflict-sensitive approach
Benefits from integration with broader efforts
Goals of presentation
Introduce distinct realities of post-conflict contexts
Suggest ways in which NRM projects should be tailored to those realities
Community Rebuilding, Indonesia (source: Virginia L. Foley/USAID)

Violent conflict
Post-conflict countries are at heightened risk for conflict recurrence
[10] year window
No clear line
Different levels
Multiple phases, which overlap
NRM often can and should begin before conflict ends
Kabul River (Source: Farid/USAID)

Non-NRM priorities, managed by non-NRM institutions
Negotiate Peace
Keep the Peace
Meet urgent humanitarian needs
Disarm, Demobilize, Reintegrate
Often as part of broader Security Sector Reform
Rebuild
Economy
Infrastructure
Government and Governance
Society and the Rule of Law
)

Money
Dependence on donor support
Liquidating natural resources
Information
Capacity
Authority
Trust
Public Attention
Political Will
Time

Lack of clarity
Of status of natural resources
Of who is doing what
At different levels
Regarding the “rules”
Of objectives vis-à-vis one another

Political/peace dimensions
Shifts in population
Land tenure
Formal vs. informal vs. effective control of resources
Diverse range of actors, mandates, and agendas

Demand for peace dividends affects:
Political will
Resources
Public attention
Can generate pressure for rapid extraction or concession of key resources
Rain Forest and Settlements, Liberia (source: USAID) New Road, Mozambique (source: USAID)

Resource dependence is a recognized indicator of conflict risk
NRM is thus a critical component of peacebuilding
But rebuilding peace is an equally critical part of post-conflict NRM.
Awareness of linkages is key

Herder, Nigeria (source: Curt Carnemark/World Bank) Diamond Miner, Sierra Leone (source: USAID)

Vital resource during conflict
Displaced Afghan Boy Drinking Water (source: Abdullah Shaheen/UN)

Casualty of Conflict
Direct Impacts
Illegal Logging
Oil spills
Landmines
Indirect Impacts
Population shifts
Damage to institutions, management systems, and infrastructure
) Soldier Searches for Landmines, Rwanda (Source: USAID) Makeshift Camp, Rwanda (source: UN)

Bargaining chip
Allocation
Revenue or benefit sharing
Co-management
Buying off potential spoilers
DDR Talks, DRC (source: Martine Perret/UN )

Source of hope after conflict
Seen as ready source of revenue for rebuilding
But … many challenges, including engaging the private sector to jumpstart economic growth
NRM under profound pressure
Economic
Political
Public
Community Forestry Program, Colombia (source: USAID)

Focus on situational awareness & conflict mgt
Assessment, evaluation, and monitoring
Consult and Engage Stakeholders
Transparency
Accountability
Don’t exacerbate inequities in NR control and access
Angolan Community Development Group (source: Benjamin Sandel/USAID)

Mainstream peace-building into NRM
Human Security
Conflict Management
Livelihoods
DDR
Governance
Transitional Justice
Demobilized Soldiers in Community Fishing Program, DRC (source: UN) IDP Women, Darfur (source: USAID) srl3_nationbldg_policechief2 USAID

Different roads to peace. New Road, Mozambique (source: USAID) Boys on Rough Terrain, Afghanistan (source: USAID)

Not Your Father’s NRM: Understanding NRM in Post-Conflict Countries

by CAPRi on Aug 04, 2010

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Not Your Father’s NRM: Understanding NRM in Post-Conflict Countries — Presentation Transcript