Year 8 Science presentation about causes of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

1. Diseases Year 8 Science

2. What is Disease?

3. Infectious or non-infectious? Infectious (or contagious or communicable) diseases are caused by pathogens. Non-infectious (non-contagious or non-communicable) diseases have various causes: poor nutrition smoking pollution – air, water, soil genetics – inherited diseases cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) auto-immune responses

4. Nutritional Diseases Scurvy – lack of Vitamin C Goitre (enlarged thyroid) is caused by a lack of iodine. Kwashiorkor (protein deficiency)

5. Nutritional Diseases Beriberi (lack of thiamine) Pellagra (lack of niacin)

6. Nutritional Diseases Obesity causes heart disease diabetes II high blood pressure Cholesterol Strokes Gallstones Gout Osteoarthritis pregnancy and bladder problems Depression Some cancers.

7. Genetic Diseases Affect the chromosomes Down’s Syndrome Progeria (rapid ageing)

8. Cancers Melanoma (skin cancer) Ovarian & Breast Testicular & Prostate Throat and lung Leukemia (blood)

9. Auto-Immune Diseases Lupus Coeliac and Crohn’s disease Eczema

10. Pathogens Pathogens can be microscopic or macroscopic. They include: Prions Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoans Parasites (internal and external)

11. Prions Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis or BSE) CreutzfeldtJakob disease

12. Viruses Smallpox Influenza Mumps Measles Chicken Pox Ebola Rubella Herpes

13. Bacteria Diptheria Tuberculosis Tetanus Typhoid Pneumonia Salmonella Staphylococcus

14. Fungi Athlete’s foot (Tinea) Ringworm Aspergillosis

15. Internal parasites – Protozoans and worms Malaria (caused by Plasmodium) Sleeping Sickness (caused by Trypanosomes) Hookworm Amoebic Dysentry

16. External Parasites Scabies Lice Leeches Ticks

17. Vectors Vectors are organisms that can transmit disease by acting as a host for pathogens Flies can transmit bacteria causing food poisoning. Rats and mice carry fleas, which can transmit disease. Mosquitoes can carry malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever.

18. Your task: Research: Choose a disease that you may be interested in and answer the following questions in a report about that disease: Is it infectious/contagious? Where does it commonly occur? What are the symptoms of this disease? What causes the disease? Is it spread by vectors? How is the disease treated? How can the disease be prevented?

19. Presentation You can choose one of the following methods to present your work: Prepare a pamphlet or brochure that explains the disease to patients and sufferers. Produce a slideshow or Voicethread about the disease (including CC images) Film a role play about a patient and doctor diagnosing and treating the disease.