Developing Sorghum and Millet in Eastern and Central Africa
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Developing Sorghum and Millet in Eastern and Central Africa
- 1. Sorghum and Millet Development in Africa: Experiences and Initiatives from Eastern and Central Africa PPP Platform Meeting, Montpellier-France, October 27-29, 2015 Brian E. Isabirye, Ph.D. Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (SAFSN) Theme
- 2. Eastern and Central Africa-ECA • Food pdn < population growth while poverty • Similar challenges (and opportunities) across ECA • Similar AEZs and development domains hence same TIMPs • Share TIMPs in regional collective action, collaboration and specialization
- 3. ASARECA …… Vision Regional leader in AR4D for improved livelihoods in ECA Mission Enhance regional collective action in AR4D, to promote economic growth, fight poverty, eradicate hunger and enhance sustainable use of resources in ECA. Goal Enhanced sustainable productivity, value added and competitiveness of the sub- regional agricultural system
- 4. What we do • Generation of TIMPs for the sub-region. • Dissemination and up-scaling of TIMPs. • Enabling policy environment for AR4D. • Enhance institutional and stakeholder capacities • SR knowledge, information and learning platform
- 5. Sorghum-Millet in ASARECA Goal Sustainable productivity, value added and competitiveness Purpose Utilization of TIMPs for sustainable productivity
- 6. Sorghum
- 7. Sorghum, a Global Snapshot • Sorghum supply and demand in broad balance over the medium period • Ethanol use to rise, but at a slower pace than recently • Food use gains mostly linked to population growth in Africa • Low investment in seed variety improvement could limit growth in yields. International Grain Council, 2014
- 8. Africa-Semi-arid tropics • Inhabited by much of the world’s poorest • Unpredictable climate, low/erratic rainfall and poor soils • Inadequate physical and social infrastructure Temp: 15 to 45o C (optimum 23 to 40o C) Day length: 10 to 14 hrs Rainfall 700 to 1500 mm Relative humidity 15 to 80% Sorghum Requirement
- 9. 19% of Global Production Sorghum in ECA FAOSTAT, USDA, Harvest Choice
- 11. Sorghum in ECA Sudan ranks highest in annual pdn growth FAOSTAT, USDA, Harvest Choice Sudan increases by about 170%
- 12. Millet
- 13. Millet in ECA 10.81% Global Pdn FAOSTAT, USDA, Harvest Choice
- 14. Millet ECA FAOSTAT, USDA, Harvest Choice
- 15. Past ASARECA R4D
- 16. Sorghum-Millet Research Integrated Technologies for Drought Mitigation and Increasing Smallholder Sorghum Productivity Enhance sustainable productivity of smallholder sorghum systems in drought prone areas of ECA Countries: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Eritrea, National Agricultural Research Institute Kenya, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Sudan, Agricultural Research Corporation and Tanzania, DRT Uyole Research Institute Integrated Striga Management for Improved Sorghum Productivity in ECA Identify evaluate and promote integrated Striga management technologies. Striga resistant lines released for commercial use in Sudan, ASAECAT1, ASARECAW2, ASARECAAG3, Countries Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan and Uganda DRT, Ministry of Agriculture (Tanzania), EIAR (Ethiopia), ARC (Sudan), NARO (Uganda) Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, Tanzania
- 17. Sorghum-Millet Research Integrating Pearl Millet Production Practices with Sustainable Natural Resource Management for Improved Food Security In Drought Stressed Environments Introduction of genetically superior pearl millet varieties and integrated production practices under environmentally friendly application to revolutionize food availability and supply in these frequently food deficit regions Countries Kenya, Sudan, Eritrea, Tanzania KARI (Kenya), DRT, Ministry of Agriculture (Tanzania), ARC (Sudan), NARI (Eritrea), ICRISAT Increasing Sorghum Utilisation and Marketability through Food Product Diversification Diversifying sorghum products through value-adding processing to give the convenience and quality desired by modern consumers. Countries: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda DRD, Ministry of Agriculture (Tanzania),: Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (Kenya), NARO (Uganda) Ilonga Agricultural Research Institute, Tanzania
- 18. Sorghum-Millet Research Sustainable Intensification of Sorghum-Legume System to Improve Livelihood and Adaptation to Climate Change in Semi-Arid Areas of ECA •Integration and validation of staple crop management practices to mitigate the effect of drought and climate change. •Addressing regional threats for sustainable improvement in the productivity and competitiveness; •Enhancing productivity, value addition and access to regional and global markets Countries: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Eritrea Pearl Millet Innovations for Improved Livelihoods in Drought-Prone Areas of Eastern and Central Africa (ECA) •Harnessing the opportunities along the pearl millet value chain from production to consumption as key to increased productivity and utilization. •Adaptive approach, developing and delivering crop, cropping systems and value chain innovations, taking advantage of local knowledge institutions and comparative advantages. Countries: Tanzania, Kenya, Sudan, Eritrea
- 20. Success Story: Sorghum Seed businesses taking root in Tanzania Fatuma Ramazani- Singida: Got involved in seed production in 2011. Was trained on seed production by ASARECA-SLI & registered to produce QDS. Obtains foundation seed from Hombolo & multiplies on 1 1/2 acres. In 2012, she harvested 25 bags selling seed at 100,000 Tshs/bag (US$ 63). Grain of the same quantity sells at 60,000 Tshs (US$ 38). She invests at least 300,000 Tshs ((US$ 188) for labour, inputs, harvesting, weeding etc & the business is profitable. Her clients come from Singida & Manyara. She has benefitted from the QDS seed venture through building a bigger store, sending her 2 children to private school & completed her house.
- 21. Policy and Advocacy Rationalization and Harmonization of Policies, Laws, Regulations and Procedures for Key Agricultural Sectors in ECA Project
- 22. 1. The regional approach to biotechnology and biosafety in eastern and southern Africa (RABESA) • COMESA policy on commercial planting of GMOs, trade in GM products and access to emergency food aid with • GM content approved in the 5th Joint COMESA Meeting of Ministers of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources, 16-20 September 2013 in Addis Ababa • A communication strategy to create awareness about the COMESA biosafety harmonization agenda • A biosafety roadmap - to support countries establish and implement functional biosafety
- 23. • COMESA seed trade harmonization regulations • Regional Variety Catalogue • Regional Quarantine Pest List • 7 National Performance Trials (NPT) Protocols • Interagency Seed Certification Scheme 2. Harmonisation of seed standards, regulations and procedures in ECA (HESSREP) • Improved skills and collaboration among regulators • Regional release of varieties • Regional seed potato standard
- 24. •Sudan Seed Trade Association•Sudan Seed Trade Association •Ethiopia Seed Trade Association •Seed Proclamation 2013 •Ethiopia Seed Trade Association •Seed Proclamation 2013 •South Sudan roadmap for seed industry policy reform •National seed policy taskforce •South Sudan roadmap for seed industry policy reform •National seed policy taskforce •Seed Trade Association of Rwanda (STAR) •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed production •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed marketing •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed pricing •Seed Trade Association of Rwanda (STAR) •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed production •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed marketing •Ministerial decree 002/11.30 Seed pricing •Inter Professional Seed Association (AISC) •Inter Professional Seed Association (AISC) •Seed Trade Association of Burundi (COPROSEBU) •Seed Act (2012) •Draft Plant Variety Protection Bill •Draft Seed Act (Regulations) 2013 •Draft Seed Act (Phytosanitary) Regulations •Draft Seed Act (Seed Import and Export) Regulations •Seed Trade Association of Burundi (COPROSEBU) •Seed Act (2012) •Draft Plant Variety Protection Bill •Draft Seed Act (Regulations) 2013 •Draft Seed Act (Phytosanitary) Regulations •Draft Seed Act (Seed Import and Export) Regulations •Seed and Plant Varieties Act (Seed Regulations) Draft •Plant Variety Protection Bill •Plant Health Bill •Inspection and certification manual for vegetatively propagated material •Seed and Plant Varieties Act (Seed Regulations) Draft •Plant Variety Protection Bill •Plant Health Bill •Inspection and certification manual for vegetatively propagated material •Malagasy Seed Variety Catalogue 2010•Malagasy Seed Variety Catalogue 2010 •Plant Variety Protection Act 2012•Plant Variety Protection Act 2012 •Seed and Plant Varieties Act (Seed Regulations) Draft •Plant Variety Protection Bill •Plant Health Bill •Inspection and certification manual for vegetative propagated material •Seed and Plant Varieties Act (Seed Regulations) Draft •Plant Variety Protection Bill •Plant Health Bill •Inspection and certification manual for vegetative propagated material National Level initiatives Strengthened national seed trade associations
- 25. 3. Regional data portal on agricultural inputs and food price trends AGMEMOD price forecasting model
- 26. Future ASARECA Role in Sorghum- Millet Research (OPII)
- 27. Main Focus… • Growth of markets and value chains for sorghum and millet • Food and nutritional quality to enhance marketability and consumer health • Increase the stability and yield through sustainable crop, soil, and water mgt • Mgt of biotic stresses and abiotic to increase grain yield and quality • Improve stability and yield through use of genetic technologies… Biotechnology! • Enhance regional sorghum and millet genetic resources/ biodiversity utilization
- 28. PPP in ECA• PPPs have long been a way in ECA, albeit mostly informally: Private and public sectors have long been involved in innovation User engagement by the private sector is standard practice • Changing patterns of AR4D necessitate: R and D capacity for regional/ global markets Approaches cannot be only public sector, but both • Increasing consensus that PPPs offer important potentials: New innovation pathways and New capacity, New skills and New markets, New hardware and software. Name Country Crop Lead Partner Tanzania Corridor Project (SAGCOT) Tanzania Prorustica and AgDevCo (co-leads) Unilever, Yara, AGRA, USAID, Diageo, DuPont,General Mills, Monsanto, SAB Miller, Syngenta,Standard Bank (Stanbic), National MicrofinanceBank, Norfund, Food and Organisation (FAO), and The World EconomicBank, Norfund, Food and Agriculture Agriculture Tanzanian maize seed Tanzania Maize Root Capital Tanzanian government; CIMMYT; Tanseed; AGRA Triple bagging East & Central Africa Cowpea BMGF; IITA; World Vision; Niger National Ug99 wheat Africa Wheat SFSA Syngenta Seeds; CIMMYT; VIRCA (Virus resistant cassava for Africa) Africa Cassava Monsanto Danforth Centre; USAID Virus resistant sweet potato Kenya Monsanto Danforth Centre; USAID WEMA Kenya, Tanzania; Mozambique; S Africa; Uganda Maize AATF USAID; KARI; ARC-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute of South Africa; ISAAA, BMGF; Buffett; CIMMYT; Monsanto; National ag research organisation for Kenya, Tanzania; Mozambique; S Africa; Uganda
- 29. Name Country Crop Lead Partner Affordable credit to community-based enterprises in Africa Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya Coffee Root Capital USAID African woman in R&D (AWARD) Africa Capacity- building BMGF Rockefeller; CGIAR; BMGF; CGIAR; Novus; Dow. BecA E&C Africa Bioscience NA Universities; NARS; Research Institutes; SFSA; Private Sector Biofortified Sorghum stage I Africa Sorghum Africa Harvest DuPont; BMGF; ICRISAT Cassava improvement Global Cassava Danforth Centre DOW Double coffee incomes of small scale farmers in East Africa Rwanda; Tanzania Coffee Techno serve BMGF. Drumnet Kenya Software Technology Ltd PrideAfrica Farmers' Friend Uganda AppLab BRODSI Golden rice Global Rice Golden Rice Humanitarian Board Rockefeller Foundation; Syngenta; SDC; SFSA;Harvest Plus; IRRI Good cocoa growing practices Cote D'Ivoire; Togo; Nigeria; Tanzania; Uganda Cocoa OLAM Blommer Choc (Rainforest alliance certified) and Nestle (Fairtrade). Grofin/ASPIRE E+W Africa; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Ugand General Shell Foundation Grofin; Foundations of Deutsche Bank America,Skoll, SFSA Harnessing Modern Science in Africa to Sustain Sorghum and Pearl Millet Production for Resource Kenya; Ethiopia Sorghum; pearl millet Syngenta NARS in Kenya and Ethiopia IMAS SSA Maize CIMMYT Pioneer; Gates; USAID; South African ARC;KARI Improve food processing in Africa Africa General Mills USAID; Prefar Improving Tef with MM Ethiopia Tef :SFSA Uni of Bern; Ethiopian Inst. Ag Res; BecA Index-based micro-insurance: Kilimo salama Kenya Crop insurance SFSA CETRAD; UAP Ins; Syt E Africa; Swiss Re;MicroEnsure; Safaricom; MEA; Kenya Met Office; IFC Investments in cotton and sesame in Uganda Uganda Cotton; sesame OLAM Northern Uganda regional government IRMA III Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Maize SFSA CIMMYT; Kenya Ag Res Inst Name Country Crop Lead Partner
- 30. Name Country Crop Lead Partner Kenya avocado clusters Kenya Avocado USAID Emerging Markets Group Limited; East African Growers Kenya Farmers' Helpline Kenya Kencall GSMA Foundation Kenya Horticultural Development Programme Kenya Horticulture USAID 12 public and private sector partners; DelMonte, Premier Foods; Sunripe; Vegpro Kenyan smallholders market led extension Kenya General SFSA Technoserve; Syngenta E Africa KickStart Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mali General Kickstart The Skoll Foundation; The Lemelson Foundation;The John Deere Foundation; The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; USAID & DFID (past) Mango and passion fruit farmers in Uganda and Kenya Kenya; Uganda Technoserve Gates; Coca-cola; coca-cola Sabco Money for Honey Kenya Honey HoneyCare Africa NGO's NUE, DT and ST Rice for Africa Africa Rice USAID African Agricultural Technology Foundation(Kenya), Arcadia Biosciences (USA), National Agricultural Research Systems in Ghana, BurkinaFaso, Uganda and Nigeria, for Tropical Agriculture (Colombia), PIPRA (USA).International Centre OAF Bean Seed Commercialisation Project Kenya Beans One Acre Fund AGRA; SFSA; Private Seed Cos Organic Cotton Industry Uganda Uganda Cotton USAID Dunavant Project Novella Tanzania; Ghana; Nigeria Allanblackia Unilever Multiple local NGO's & government agencies SABIMA Africa General FARA SFSA; NARS of Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya,Malawi, Nigeria and Uganda Seeds of Development Program East and Southern Africa General Market Matters Inc SFSA; Rockefeller; USAID; DFID; Cornell SKEP (DuPont-IRRI) Rice DuPont IRRI StrigAway E Africa Maize BASF IITA; AATF; CIMMYT; BMGF Sustaining Partnerships to Enhance Rural Enterprise and Agribusiness Development (SPREAD) Rwanda Pyrethrum USAID SC Johnson; Société de Pyrèthre au Rwanda Co LtD Tanzania Agricultural Partnership (TAP) Tanzania General Tanzanian Government; Norad; Yara; MS Tanzania; numerous others including Syngenta,Monsanto, local NGO's
- 31. Some lessons… the down side! •Diverting capacity and resources: Publicly funded facilities, staff, funds allocated to high value cash crops…at the expense of other important crops… •Market segregation approaches with unknown, potentially negative impacts. For instances in cases where subsidies for the poor are provided…. •Lack of risk management arrangements of PPPs, and poor poverty targeting and analysis… •Poor mapping of impact pathways – In many cases one cannot really say they are pro poor or not. There have also been cases where the interests of the poor have been ignored…. •Exclusive licensing arrangements emerge – potentially excluding opportunities/ not expanding them – with negative affects on market structure
- 32. Those that work… • Partnerships are built around real demands for unique technologies…not just supply of traditional commodities or products… • Farmers are involved from lower end (technology development) to the upstream segments of the value chain (technology transfer)… • Link AR4D and technology transfer with learning by doing through participatory monitoring and evaluation by multiple stakeholders….say innovation platforms… • Ensure a genuine demand led approach by building innovation platforms for partnership development, hence avoid ad hoc supply driven responses… • Address power imbalances in partnerships explicitly, negotiating objectives and claims for all partners in the platform/ value chains, especially farmers/ the poor • Develop strategies to manage and mitigate the range of potential risks, including regulatory and IP issues… • Analyse impact pathways - and base pro-poor claims on better evidence…rather than adhoc arrangements
- 33. ASARECA projects receive technical and financial support from European Union COMESA FARA CIMMYT CORAF CARDESSA Our collaborating partners