PHILIPPINE DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE AND ITS CASSAVA
INDUSTRY ROADMAP
Edilberto M. De Luna
Assistant Secretary for Field Operations and
National Rice Program and Corn Program Coordinator

Purpose of Visit to CIAT
1. Introduce the Philippine cassava research and development
program to CIAT
2. Prioritize key topics of collaboration for cassava and related
research on integrated farming systems and climate change.
3. Identify specific CIAT areas of expertise and technological
innovations relevant to the Philippines
4. Agree on immediate projects and activities, for financing by the
Philippine government, other donors and CIAT-CGIAR.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
PHILIPPINES
• The Philippine Department of Agriculture is the executive
department of the Philippine government responsible for the
promotion of agricultural and fisheries development and growth.
• Formed June 23, 1898 and with headquarters in Quezon City, Metro
Manila
• Led by the Secretary of Agriculture, nominated by the President of
the Philippines and a member of the Cabinet. The current Secretary
of Agriculture is Engr. Proceso J. Alcala.

DA Organizational Structure
• 5 Undersecretaries and 5 Assistant Secretaries
• Edilberto De Luna: Asst Secretary for Field Operations and National Coordinator for
Rice and Corn-Cassava Programs
• Regional executive director for each of the 17 regions in the country
• Attached bureaus:
• Agricultural Training Institute (ATI)
• Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS)
• Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
• Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
• Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
• Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
• Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)
• Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE)

DA ATTACHED AGENCIES, CORPORATIONS & COUNCILS
• Agricultural Credit and Policy
Council (ACPC)
• Livestock Development Council (LDC)
• Philippine Council for Agriculture and
Fishery (PCAF)
• National Dairy Authority (NDA)
• National Fisheries Research and
Development Institute (NFRDI)
• National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS)
• National Tobacco Administration (NTA)
• Philippine Agricultural Development and
Commercial Corporation (PADCC)
• Philippine Carabao Center (PCC)
• Philippine Center for Postharvest
Development and Mechanization (PhilMech)
• Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC)
• Philippine Fiber Industry Development
Authority (PhilFIDA)
• Philippine Fisheries Development
Authority (PFDA)
• Philippine Rice Research Institute (Philrice)
• Quedan Rural Credit and Guarantee
Corporation (QUEDANCOR)
• Southeast Asian Fisheries Development
Center (SEAFDEC)
• Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA)

MANDATE
• Promotion of agricultural development by providing the policy framework, public
investments, and support services needed for domestic and export-oriented business
enterprises.
• Primary concern is to improve farm income and generate work opportunities for
farmers, fishermen and other rural workers.
• Encourages people's participation in agricultural development through sectoral
representation in agricultural policy-making bodies so that the policies, plans and
programs are formulated and executed to satisfy their needs.
• Use a bottom-up self-reliant farm system approach that will emphasize social justice,
equity, productivity and sustainability in the use of agricultural resources.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DA BANNER PROGRAMS
• AGRI PINOY RICE PROGRAM
• AGRI PINOY CORN AND CASSAVA
• AGRI PINOY HIGH VALUE CROPS PROGRAM
• AGRI PINOY LIVESTOCK
• AGRI PINOY FISHERY
OTHER PROGRAMS
• SUGAR CANE
• COCONUT
• FARM-TO-MARKET ROAD

CIAT PARTNERSHIP WITH THE PHILIPPINES
• Presidential Decree 1249 - legal framework for CIAT partnership with the
Philippine national agricultural research system (signed in 1977)
• MOUs for inter-institutional partnership (signed in 2015)
- Department of Agriculture (DA)
- University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB)
- UPLB Foundation Inc
- SEAMEO-SEARCA
• Project agreements for financing collaborative research (starting 2016)
- DA Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)

2016 CIAT Projects Funded by DA Philippines
CASSAVA (DA Bureau of Agricultural Research)
On-going grant projects
- Co-strengthening capacities for cassava crop health (Kris Wyckhuys)
- Participation in CIAT regional cassava breeding network - funded through UPLB and PhilRootcrops (Stef
De Haan)
Project proposal/grant agreement in progress
- Emergency response schemes for cassava pest invaders (Kris Wyckhuys)
- Pest/disease distribution mapping, diagnosis/prevention/control (PhilRootcrops-led, CIAT support)
CLIMATE CHANGE (DA Systemwide Climate Change Office)
On-going grant projects
- Cross-country study missions Vietnam, Thailand & Indonesia -subgrant from SEARCA (Nora Guerten)
- Meta-analysis on mainstreaming climate change in DA policies and programs – subgrant from UPLBFI
(Dindo Campilan/Peter Laderach)
Project proposal/grant agreement in progress
- Decision-support platform for climate-resilient agriculture prioritization (Nora Guerten/Caitlin CDolloff)
- Climate-risk vulnerability assessment of agri-fisheries communities (Peter Laderach/Louis Parker)
ESTIMATED TOTAL VALUE OF DA-PHILIPPINES FINANCING TO CIAT IN 2016: US$0.8million

Philippine Cassava Industry
Development Roadmap CY
2015–2022

RATIONALE
Economic Contribution
• Php14.80B (1.21%) in the GVA , 2014 current price
• About 28,000 jobs generated in Crop Year 2014
Uses
• Cassava is one of the staple foods of Filipinos due to high
carbohydrate content.
• More than 15M Filipinos eat cassava as
staple/supplement
• Raw material in the production for feeds, alcohol and
other industrial products.
Source of livelihood
• More than 218,000 farm family are dependent
(partially/fully ) on cassava production as source of
income.

ECONOMIC VALUE OF CASSAVA, 2014
2014 % SHARE 2014 % SHARE
GVA in AGRICULTURE & FISHERY 1,424.89 100.00 714.87 100.00
A. AGRICULTURE 1,227.67 86.16 583.50 81.62
Palay 365.33 29.76 147.92 25.35
Corn 88.23 7.19 42.16 7.23
Coconut 98.89 8.06 28.11 4.82
Sugarcane 28.62 2.33 16.05 2.75
Cassava 14.80 1.21 9.54 1.63
Other Crops 230.40 18.77 112.53 19.29
Livestock 176.38 14.37 95.89 16.43
Poultry 127.74 10.41 78.27 13.41
Activities & Services 97.28 7.92 53.03 9.09
B. FISHERY 197.22 13.84 131.37 18.38
INDUSTRY
CURRENT PRICES CONSTANT PRICES
(rice)

CASSAVA UTILIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

HISTORICAL CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY, 2005-2014
(PSA-BAS)
Vol. 4.48%AAGR = Yield 3.87%Area 0.59%
8.19 8.59 8.93 9.17 9.46 9.66 9.99 10.23
10.87
11.72
1,678
1,757
1,871
1,942
2,044
2,101
2,210 2,223
2,361
2,540
205 205 210 212 216 218 221 217 217 217
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Unitsin'000
Average Root Yield (mt/ha) Volume of Production ('000 mt) Area Harvested ('000 ha)
4.88% 3.96% 2.69% 3.16% 1.80%
(0.10)% 2.47% 0.97% 2.02% 0.78%
3.39%
1.66% (1.80)%
2.45% 6.23%
(0.04)% (0.18)%
7.80%

Philippine Cassava Imports, 2013
GRAND TOTAL 33,610,635 1,491,976,088
Manioc (Cassava) With High Starch Or
Inulin Content, Fresh, Chilled, Frozen Or
Dried, Other Than Sliced Or In Form Of
Pellets
15,877.50 5,553,439 246,517,157
India 0.02 296 13,139
Thailand 10,457.50 3,611,176 160,300,103
Indonesia (Includes West Irian) 0.44 5,414 240,327
Vietnam 5,419.53 1,936,553 85,963,588
Flour, Meal Or Powder Of Manioc
(Cassava)
1,933.22 576,816 25,604,862
United States Of America 0.21 371 16,469
Indonesia (Includes West Irian) 1.83 1,341 59,527
Vietnam 1,931.18 575,104 25,528,867
Manioc(Cassava) Starch 50,267.54 22,948,865 1,018,700,117
United States Of America 0.70 630 27,966
Malaysia (Federation Of Malaya) 20.00 6,585 292,308
Singapore 114.00 9,197 408,255
Thailand 34,222.10 15,411,022 684,095,267
Indonesia (Includes West Irian) 1,777.37 761,863 33,819,099
Vietnam 14,111.78 6,751,177 299,684,747
South Africa, Republic Of 7/ 21.60 8,391 372,476
Item/Country of Origin
Volume
(MT)
CIF Value
(USD)
CIF Value (Php)
PSA-BAS

Residues Of Starch Manufacture And
Similar Residues Of Manioc (Cassava) Or
Sago, Whether Or Not In The Form Of
Pellets
16,001.90 4,015,401 178,243,650
United States Of America 224.34 108,679 4,824,261
Thailand 6,350.00 1,424,107 63,216,110
Vietnam 9,427.56 2,482,615 110,203,280
Residues Of Starch Manufacture And
Similar Residues Other Than Manioc
(Cassava) Or Sago, Whether Or Not In
The Form Of Pellets
1,256.32 516,114 22,910,300
United States Of America 263.12 130,255 5,782,019
Australia 1.26 2,510 111,419
Netherlands 405.30 201,366 8,938,637
Germany 8.51 16,986 754,009
Taiwan (Republic Of China) 0.64 292 12,962
Vietnam 577.50 164,705 7,311,255
Item/Country of Origin
Volume
(MT)
CIF Value
(USD)
CIF Value (Php)
Philippine Cassava Imports, 2013
Continuation…
PSA-BAS

Philippine Cassava Exports, 2013
PSA-BAS
Item/Country of Origin
Quantity
(kg)
FOB Value
(USD)
FOB Value
(Php)
GRAND TOTAL 682,113 30,278,996
Manioc (Cassava) With High Starch Or
Inulin Content, Fresh, Chilled, Frozen Or
Dried, Sliced Or In Form Of Pellets
65,640 79,485 3,528,339
Australia 527 885 39,285
United States Of America 16,362 10,448 463,787
Hongkong 477 280 12,429
Korea, Republic Of South 3,879 5,872 260,658
Canada 18,302 21,172 939,825
Israel 946 1,230 54,600
Guam 1,357 1,900 84,341
Hawaii 20,385 31,500 1,398,285
Saudi Arabia 3,405 6,198 275,129
Manioc (Cassava) With High Starch Or
Inulin Content, Fresh, Chilled, Frozen Or
Dried, Other Than Sliced Or In Form Of
Pellets
234,641 600,514 26,656,816
Australia 12,858 105,766 4,694,953
United States Of America 61,969 97,645 4,334,462
Japan (Excludes Okinawa) 481 6,264 278,059
Hongkong 2,407 1,545 68,583
Canada 154,688 377,207 16,744,219
Uk Great Britain And N. Ireland 451 695 30,851
United Arab Emirates 603 7,329 325,334
Israel 584 702 31,162
Micronesia, Federated States Of 600 3,361 149,195
Flour, Meal Or Powder Of Manioc (Cassava)
210 2,114 93,840
Afghanistan 210 2,114 93,840

Cost Competitiveness Analysis
Export trade scenario, 2013
ITEM Pampanga Maguindanao Bukidnon Masbate
BorderPrice(USD/MT) 230 230 230 230
Yield(MT/Ha) 24 17 14 14
ExchangeRate(P/USD) 44 44 44 44
Domestic Cost(P/Ha) 55,663 43,001 32,930 56,098
ForeignCost(P/Ha) 12,020 10,643 7,520 14,285
TotalCost(P/Ha) 67,683 53,644 40,450 70,383
Domestic ResourceCost(P/USD) 10.60 11.72 10.79 20.16
Resource CostRatio 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.45
Source: RFOs, BSP, FAO, UA&P materials
The Philippine cassava was generally cost competitive for export. The reason for
this export competitiveness was due to low cost of production and high yield in
different top producing provinces. The border price used is based from Thailand
which is the top exporter of cassava in Asia.

Cost Competitiveness Analysis
Import substitution, 2013
RCR < 1 – competitive advantage
RCR = 1 – neutral
RCR > 1 – competitive disadvantage
ITEM Pampanga Maguindanao Bukidnon Masbate
Border Price (USD/MT) 230 230 230 230
Yield (MT/Ha) 24 17 14 14
Exchange Rate (P/USD) 44 44 44 44
Domestic Cost (P/Ha) 45,420 33,100 24,180 40,150
ForeignCost (P/Ha) 7,630 6,400 3,770 7,450
Total Cost (P/Ha) 53,050 39,500 27,950 47,600
Domestic Resource Cost (P/USD) 8.49 8.79 7.71 13.67
Resource CostRatio 0.19 0.20 0.17 0.31
The analysis showed the case of substituting domestically produced cassava
with imports. Producing cassava in the country is cost competitive against the
imports.

TOTAL CASSAVA PRODUCTION TARGETS CY 2015-2022
PARTICULARS TARGETS
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
DEMAND 3821 4179 4568 4911 5254 5692 6136 6621
PRODUCTION
(‘000 MT)
3168 3656 4081 4478 4873 5342 5799 6338
AREA
(‘000 Ha.)
232 252 270 282 291 302 315 329
YIELD
(MT/HA)
13.63 14.50 15.14 15.90 16.73 17.67 18.43 19.26
NET
AVAILABLE
2756 3199 3592 3963 4337 4781 5219 5704
SUFFICIENCY
LEVEL (%)
72 77 79 81 82 84 85 86

Strengths Weaknesses
1. Sustained government support on farm
mechanization and post harvest facilities
2. Available HYV of cassava for food and
industrial uses. (NSIC-BPI).
3. Available technology for cassava production
and post harvest processing (techno-guide
and brochures).
4. Approved standards for dried cassava chips
and granules (PNS/BAFPS 29:2010 ).
5. Established standard protocol on plant
material certification for cassava (DA-BPI, AO
no. 16); and on accreditation and re-
accreditation of cassava seed pieces producers
(DA-BPI, AO no. 17)
6. Intensive capacity building of farmers.
7. Increased stakeholders participation on
industry governance and policy formulation.
8. Availability of idle and new areas for
expansion.
1. Dominance of small farmers with limited
capital and mostly disorganized.
2. Limited access to quality technical assistance
Limited farm machineries and post harvest
facilities.
3. Limited supply of quality planting materials.
4. High cost of product consolidation and inter-
island transport.
5. Lags behind on GAP certification compared
with other ASEAN countries.
6. Limited credit window for cassava growers.
7. High cost of cassava production and post
harvest processing.
SWOC ANALYSIS
Source: Result of regional and national cassava stakeholders consultations, 2013

Opportunities Challenges
1. Increasing local and foreign demand
due to increasing industrial
requirements of cassava for feeds,
starch, flour, alcohol and other
industrial uses.
2. Presence of foreign investors setting
up local processing facilities using
cassava as raw materials.
1. Implementation of the ASEAN Free
Trade Agreement (AFTA).
2. Land degradation and desertification
due to soil erosion.
3. Increasing cost of production inputs.
4. Effects of climate change.
5. Emerging new pests and diseases (ie.
pink mealybug and cassava
phytoplasma) .
SWOC ANALYSIS
Source: Result of regional and national cassava stakeholders consultations, 2013

CASSAVA PROGRAM GOAL:
Increase cassava production, enhance industry
competitiveness, raise farmer’s income and generate more
employment opportunities in the rural areas.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Increase cassava production (fresh roots) from CY
2014 at 2,540 MMT to 6,467 MMT by year 2022;
2. Increase average yield from 11.72 mt/ha to 19.10
mt/ha by year 2022;
3. Increase yearly income of farmers by 10 percent;
4. Improve quality of cassava primary and other by-
products;
5. Increase cassava per capita consumption from 2.59 kg
to 7.0 kg starting CY 2017 and succeeding years.

Production PRIORITIES
• Increase productivity and product
quality improvement
• Promote sustainable cassava production
system in sloping areas
• Encourage private seed pieces growers
to participate in the seed system scheme
• Develop biotechnology tools for cassava
insect and disease resistance.
• Provide subsidy to cassava insurance
and streamline credit policies to make it
more accessible to farmers .
• Intensify technical capability of agri-
extension workers and farmer leaders.

• Sustain government support in farm
mechanization.
• Encourage more private sector
participation in cassava investment.
• Implement approved cassava standards.
Postharvest PRIORITIES

Processing PRIORITIES
• Encourage the private sector
to establish more processing
plants in strategic cassava
areas.
• Promote village level cassava
processing for food.
• Push for value-adding for
cassava export.

Proposed 2016-2020 Collaboration
with CIAT and PhilRootcrops
• Comprehensive yield gap analysis, for improved research priority-setting
and technology delivery in the Philippine cassava sector;
• Bolstering biotic resistance against (future) pest invaders at a field, farm
and agro-landscape level: an exploratory research initiative;
• Multi-variate assessment of drivers of pest attack, geared at a
subsequent implementation of national forecasting and alert systems;
• Towards sustainable intensification of Philippine cassava crop:
customizing crop and soil fertility management schemes to secure pest-
suppressive and resilient cassava cropping systems
• A national roadmap to deploy clean seed systems, for Philippine root
and tuber crops;
• Agro-advisories and ICT-based extension tools to boost farmer
preparedness in the face of climate change and pest invasion

Other proposed research areas
• Adaptability of rapid production techniques of quality planting
materials
• Development of package of technology(POT) in marginal/sloping areas
• Improve the nutrient use efficiency (using tracer technique) to
different soil fertility levels.
• Development of integrated cassava cropping systems (cassava-
livestock-forages-legumes)
• Product development for export
• Assessment on feasibility of conveyor type dryer compared to other
methods of drying (Negros Oriental and Region XII --- solar drying)
• Improvement and development of equipment and postharvest
facilities (food grade)

Thank
You!!