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Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Building sustainable seed systems in Eastern Africa (Achievements, challenges & opportunities) By Dr Essegbemon Akpo

  1. RP Genetic Gains meeting with DDG-R 5 – 6 January 2021 307 Conference Room (The Great Lakes Conference Room)
  2. Building sustainable seed systems in Eastern Africa Achievements, challenges & opportunities Essegbemon Akpo
  3. • Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP • Business models for early generation seeds • Backstopping NARS seed systems teams • DNA fingerprint backed impact assessment • Documentation of seed systems experiences • One CGIAR seed systems strategy • Challenges & Opportunities Main activities
  4. • Enhancing linkages among actors of multi-stakeholders’ Platforms along seed and commodity value chains • Varieties prioritization for commercialization • Developing business cases • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  5. • Enhancing linkages among actors of multi- stakeholders Platform along seed and commodity value chain  Public sector: Research institutes and public seed companies in Tanzania and Uganda  Private sector: seed companies in Tanzania: 8; seed companies in Uganda: 2; Off-takers: 3  Development organizations: NGOs Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  6. • Varieties prioritization for commercialization with actors  Groundnut varieties prioritized for demos: 2 & for both seed production and demos in Tanzania: 7; In Uganda for demos: 2 & both seed production and demos: 5  Five sorghum varieties prioritized for demos & Four for both seed production and demos in Tanzania; In Uganda: two seed production & two for both seed production and demos Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  7. Examples of groundnut variety prioritized for seed production and awareness creation in Tanzania Variety name Released Purpose Naliendele 2016 2018 Seed production & Demos Mtwaranut 2016 2018 Demos Tanzanut 2016 2018 Demos Nachi 2015 2015 Seed production & Demos Mnanje 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos Mangaka 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos Naliendele 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos Masasi 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos Nachingwea 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos
  8. E.g. of relevant groundnut market traits in Tanzania Variety Traits Naliendele 2016 • Red color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette; Average yield 1.5t/ha Mtwaranut 2016 • Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette; Average yield 1.3t/ha Tanzanut 2016 • Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette; Average yield 1.5t/ha Nachi 2015 • Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Yield 1.2-2t/ha; Resistant to rosette, rust, leaf spot Mnanje 2009 • Red color; Mature in 110-120 days; large size, sweet; Yield 1.5- 2t/ha; Highest oil 51%; highest Iron 65.4mg/kg than others
  9. E.g. of sorghum varieties prioritized for awareness creation and commercialization in Uganda 9 Variety name Released Purpose SESO 1 2011 Seed production SESO 3 2011 Seed production NAROSORG 1 2018 Seed production & Demos NAROSORG 2 2018 Seed production & Demos
  10. E.g. of relevant groundnut market traits in Uganda 10 Variety Traits Uses/Markets SESO 1 White color; Matures in 90-100 days; Tolerant to drought & striga; low tannin; Yield (2.5-3.0) t/ha • Brewing • Food SESO 3 Brown color; Matures in 90-100 days; tolerant to striga & drought; Yield ( 2.5-3.0 t/ha) • Good for food NAROSORG 1 White color; Matures in 90-100 days; tolerant to striga & drought; low tannin & Yield (2.5- 3.0 t/ha) • Very good for brewing NAROSORG 2 Bright red color; Matures in 90-100 days; Yield 2.5-3.0t/ha; Tolerant to striga & drought; easy to thresh & low bird damage • Good for food
  11. • Developing business cases  One business cases developed for groundnut in Tanzania  One business case developed for sorghum in Tanzania  Each business case present relevant data for actors  e.g. grain production figures, main uses and outlook; grain market demand, main off-takers; improved varieties, yield potential and adoption rate; seed production overview, seed price and determinants of adoption; Institutional linkages, policies and private sector roles in seed sector development; profitability analysis of seed and grain for both crops;  Assignment report (first draft ready) Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  12. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania Grain market pulls the seed market Build the seed supply on the grain market demand Identify and quantify the specific market demand for groundnut and sorghum Define commodity corridors: hub of large transaction of grain Work closely with grain-off takers Embed youth and women in the seed delivery process and the grain trading Explore the critical roles youth and women will play Leverage all available resources, including the Tanzania Government ones Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  13. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania Grain market pulls the seed market Build the seed supply on the grain market demand Identify and quantify the specific market demand for groundnut and sorghum Define commodity corridors: hub of large transaction of grain Work closely with grain-off takers Embed youth and women in seed delivery process and grain trading Explore the critical roles youth and women will play Leverage all available resources, including Tanzania Government Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  14. Overview of Tanzania SRFI-YEGI: approach R&D organizations support (e.g. ICRISAT projects; Tz Gov fund) Farmer Cooperatives (FCs) Farmers members of FCs Seed producers Grain off- takers Independent Farmers Trainings Trainings& seedfunds Seed4demos Buy seed Sell grain Buy GrainGrain Seed Training s Broker seedTrainings Youth/ Women Quality Inputs - Information on seeds, Good Ag Pract. - Seed delivery - Rates of seed replacement - Climate change - Associated inputs - Machinery services Quality Outputs - Produce collection / aggregation - Value addition and quality assurance - Warehouse management systems - Agri-produce manutention Quality Information - FM radio themed on agriculture program for behavior change communication - Market intelligence - SMS messaging platform - Drama - Apps Special Support to Young Mothers - Young mother’s program - Access to resources - Training & Capacity development - Leadership YOUTH QUALITY CENTER FUNCTIONS Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania
  15. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania 4 business corridors targeted 1-2 seed companies per corridor At least one grain off-taker identified per corridor Local government on board per commodity corridor Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP
  16. • Herbicide testing on groundnut in Tanzania At least one promising chemical identified (year 1) Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP Treatment name Initial stand Final stand Haulm 100 seed weight Kernel yield Pod yield shelling% Hand weed 46.3 44.3 1308 20 1613 3573 44 Fennut 39.7 38.3 1483 21.7 1253 3267 38.1 Sateca 30.3 27 565 23.3 947 2133 44.7 Megasate 480SL 34.7 33 731 21.7 933 1987 48.7 Rilor 500 EC 34 32.7 548 30 573 1133 51.1 Amazone 32.7 30.7 656 21.7 1040 1693 63.9
  17. • Identify effective EGS business model for scaling • Assignment being conducted through a PhD student from Uganda • Number of business cases considered: 16 • Number of cases completed: 12 Business models for early generation seeds
  18. Business models for early generation seeds Category Crops Region Public Research institutions (the Seed Revolving Fund, Uganda’s NARO Holdings, KALRO seed unit, Tanzania Agricultural Seed Agency, Rwanda Agriculture Board, EAIR EGS system, INRAN seed unit Groundnuts, common bean, chickpea, sorghum, finger millet ESA, WCA Private companies (LCIC in Ghana, IITA GOSeed, Qualibasic seeds, Premier Seeds, Maslaha Seeds maize ESA, WCA Public-private partnerships (Ethiopian Breweries, FAGRI, Soprosa-sarl ) Malt barley, sorghum ESA, WCA Public-community based EGS production in Mali Groundnut WCA SANSOR system in South Africa Maize, ESA EGS system in India Rice South Asia
  19. • Physical meeting early 2020 in Tanzania and Uganda: 2 • E-meetings to assess progress: 8 • Seed production:  TZ: Sorghum: 3.6 t of foundation and about 4.1t of certified/QDS seed; Groundnut: 109 t foundation, 1125 t certified/QDS UG: Sorghum: 144 t of foundation and about 1,662t of certified/QDS seed; Groundnut: 10.1 t foundation, 106.2 t certified/QDS  Support of PhD students: 2 & Interns: 6  Seed business development for seed companies and national programmes: 10  Digital seed production and delivery roadmap: 6 NARS programme  Demos, field days & Farmers reached: GN TZ: 4 &10; 14,732 Backstopping NARS seed systems teams
  20. • Support the team to build reference library • Communication with NARS partners DNA fingerprint backed impact assessment
  21. • Documented impact stories of TL III project • HOPE II seed delivery model underway: template developed and share with NARS partners • A number of journal publications Documentation of seed systems experiences
  22. List of publications Akpo E., Feleke G., Fikre A., Chichaybelu M., Ojiewo C.O., Varshney R.K. 2020. Analyzing pathways of nurturing informal seed production into formal private ventures for sustainable seed delivery and crop productivity: Experiences from Ethiopia. Sustainability 12, 6828. doi:10.3390/su12176828 Akpo E., Muricho S.G., Alex G., Opie H., Ojiewo O.C., Varshney R.K. 2020. Legume seed production for sustainable seed supply and crop productivity: case of groundnut in Tanzania and Uganda. Journal of Crop Improvement 34: 4, 518-539 Akpo E., Ojiewo O.C., Omoigui L., Varshney R.K. 2020. Sowing legume seeds, reaping cash: a renaissance within communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Springer Nature. 106p. Mwalongo S., Akpo E., Lukurugu G.A., Muricho G., Vernooy R., Minja A., Ojiewo C., Njuguna E., Otieno G., Varshney R. 2020. Factors Influencing Preferences and Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties among Farmers in Tanzania. Agronomy, 10, 1271, 1-15 List of publications
  23. List of publications Kimbi T.G., Akpo E., Kongola E., Ojiewo C.O., Vernooy R., Muricho G., Ringo J., Lukurugu G.A., Varshney R., Tabo R. 2021. A Probit Analysis of Determinants of Adoption of Improved Sorghum Technologies Among Farmers in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science 13, 1, 73-87 Ojiewo C., Akpo E., Hagmann J. Varshney R.K. 2020. Strategic framework to foster grain legume and dryland cereal seed systems innovations: Guidelines to drive seed delivery systems through commodity value chains. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India. CGIAR Research Program - Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals. 20p Akpo E., Bakari H., Lukurugu G.A. , Daudi H., Muricho G., Minja A., Nzunda J., Ojiewo C.O., Varshney RK. New groundnut varieties in Tanzania promise higher yields, better incomes and nutrition. Policy Brief. (Submitted) List of publications
  24. • Co-lead of the topic: Advancing solutions for the demand side of seed systems • Three sub-topics  Farmers’ demand orientation  Seed business models  Enabling conditions • Slide deck being developed • Full paper will follow One CGIAR seed systems strategy
  25. • Monitoring of seed production and demos activities by both NARS Partners and ICRISAT scientist • Drought and excessive rains • Ongoing initiative of seed company to produce under irrigation • Resources mobilization: joint proposal write-up and submission with colleagues from other research programs (e.g. ESA and ISD) • Enhance ongoing support to NARS and private sector partners for increased outreach farmer and other actors Challenges and opportunities
  26. Thank You
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