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Slideshare presentation
1. Nutrition and Physical Activity for
Primary School Aged Children
By Betsy A-S
Sport Coaching Pedagogy Presentation
2. Introduction to nutrition and physical
activity for children
Children of this age are influenced by
family, peers, media and school
One in four children aged 2-16 are overweight
Many children consume too many ‘extra’ foods with
too much saturated fat and sugar
69% of children met National Physical Activity
Guidelines – 1 hour exercise/day
Early intervention=good habits for life
3. Nutritional requirements for children
Australian Dietary Guidelines for Children and
Adolescents (2003)
Plenty of vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, legumes
Include lean meat, fish, poultry
Include low fat dairy
Drink water
Limit saturated fat, sugar, salt
4. Physical activity requirements for
children
Australia’s Physical Activity Recommendations for 5-
12 year olds (2004)
Children need at least 60 min moderate or vigorous
activity each day
No more than two hours per day using electronic
equipment for entertainment
Variety of activities should be offered
5. Benefits of a healthy diet for children
Optimal growth & development
Prevents CV disease, cancer & diabetes
Prevents obesity, iron deficiency, dental cavities &
osteoporosis
Improved cognitive function & mood
Reduced absenteeism and better school performance
6. Benefits of physical activity for
children
Improved well-being and self-esteem
More energy and improved body weight status
Improved learning outcomes
Improved social skills
Reduction in anti-social behavior
Improved coordination and movement
skill
7. Practical applications - nutrition
Family meals together
Kids help to buy and prepare food
Parents should be good role models
Provide healthy lunches and snacks for school
Parents provide food – child decides how much to eat
Nutrition included in school curriculum
8. Practical applications – physical
activity
Focus on FUN – no early specialization
Give plenty of opportunities to be active
Age appropriate activities
Incentives for doing active jobs e.g. pocket money
Encourage walking or riding to school
10. Future research and considerations
Holistic approaches (parents, child, school)
Education focused programs as opposed to purely
government interventions and regulations
Junk food advertising ban?
Cheap healthy food/expensive junk food?
11. References
Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing
(2009)
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/
content/eating
Gorely T, Nevill ME, Morris, JG, Stensel, DJ & Nevill, A (2009)
‘Effect of a school-based intervention to promote healthy
lifestyles in 7-11 year old children’ International Journal of
Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6:5
Hoyland A, Dye L, Lawton, CL (2009) ‘A systematic review of the
effect of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children and
adolescents’ Nutrition Research Reviews, 22, pp. 220-243.
12. References Cont.
New South Wales Department of Health, NSW Department of
Education and Communities and the Heart Foundation (2013)
http://www.healthykids.nsw.gov.au/
State Government of Victoria – Better Health Channel (2013)
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/
13. Credit for images used in this
presentation
Willow Creek Pediatrics
Primo ClipArt
John Hart Fitness
Team Snap
The Healthy Eating Physical Activity Coalition
New York Mom’s World Blog
Heart Foundation
NSW Department of Health
State of Western Australia
Editor's Notes
Hi, Today I am going to talk about nutrition and physical activity for primary school aged children. I will cover the importance of a healthy lifestyle and some current statistics, nutrition and activity guidelines, the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise, practical applications, future research and government initiatives.
Children of a primary school age are ready to learn about healthy food and exercise. Primary school aged children are at an age when they start to have a busy social life, have pocket money and start to develop their own lifestyle. Children of this age will learn quickly as family still remains influential, but increasingly other forces such as school, peers and the media will have an effect on lifestyle choices. Children of this age need a well balanced diet and regular physical activity in order to set up good habits early in life. Research indicates that obese children have a much higher chance of becoming obese adults and they also have a higher risk of weight related ill health than those who became obese in adulthood. Findings from the 2007 National Child Nutrition and Physical Activity survey indicate that:one in four children aged between 2-16 are overweightMany children did not consume the recommended amounts of the five food groups set out in the dietary guidelines for children and adolescents in australiaMany children consumed excessive amounts of saturated fat and sugarOnly 69% met the national physical activity guidelines of at least one hour of moderate to vigorous activity per dayAdditional surveys find that boys are more active than girls and physical activity declines with age, many children consumed too many extra foods such as lollies, soft drinks and chips and one third of young people did not eat breakfast everyday. It is important that children learn to live a healthy lifestyle as early as possible in order to grow and develop but also to prevent obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer later in life.
The Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents provide advice on how to eat a healthy diet and improve quality of life for children and adolescents. They state that children should enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods, and specifically:Eat vegetables, legumes and fruitEat wholegrain cerealsInclude lean meat, fish, poultry or alternativesInclude milk, cheese, yogurt – preferably reduced fat for older childrenChoose water as a drinkLimit saturated fat and sugar and saltIn addition, children should should eat sufficient quantities of food to grow and develop normally and prepare and store food safely.
Australia’s physical activity recommendations for 5-12 year olds specify that:Children need at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day, andChildren should not spend more than two hours a day using electronic equipment for entertainment, particularly during daylight hoursKids should take part in a range of activities that are fun, suit their interests, skills and abilities. Examples include organized team sports, cycling, swimming, running or any sort of active play
Proper nutrition ensures optimal growth and developmentStudies show a healthy diet helps prevent high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure and helps reduce risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes.Healthy eating also reduces the risk of developing obesity, osteoporosis, iron deficiency and dental cavitiesResearch shows a poor diet can negatively affect health, cognitive development, and school performanceMuch research also indicates that a healthy breakfast is associated with improved cognitive function, reduced absenteeism and improved mood
Exercise helps children feel more happy and relaxed – improves self-esteem and helps them to sleep betterHelps children maintain a healthy weight and feel more energeticImprove their fundamental movement skills and coordinationResearch shows physical activity has direct links to improved learning outcomes and cognitive functionImproves a child’s social skills – they make new friends, develop skills such as cooperation and teamworkExercise is also associated with a reduction in anti-social behavior
Children at this age can help with meal preparationFamily meals are important – positive relationship between families eating dinner together and the quality of a child’s dietParents should provide an abundance of healthy food at home, then child is responsible for how much they eatSnacking contributes a large part to daily energy intake – good quality snacks should be provided such as fruit, cheese, crackers, yogurt or vegetable sticksParents should act as a role model for healthy eating – important that no food should be overly forced or restrictedTry preparing food in different ways for varietyDiscourage children from eating whilst watching TV and encourage children to eat slowlyA significant amount of a child’s food is consumed at school – healthy lunch box ideas include - sandwiches with salad, soup, rice and noodle dishesIn addition, schools should provide nutritious and appealing food and drinks – nutrition should also be included in school health education curriculum
Keep the focus on fun and include a variety of different sportsGive kids plenty of opportunity to be active – take them to the park and provide equipmentChoose age appropriate activities and encourage childOffer incentives like pocket money for doing active households jobsEncourage child to walk or ride to school
There are many government initiatives currently being implemented in schools in order to promote a healthy lifestyle to school aged children – some of these include:National Healthy School Canteens Project – traffic light system with green/amber/red foods - green being high in nutrients/always available – amber being good source of nutrients but high in fat, sodium and energy and sometimes available in small portions – red low in nutrient/high in fat, sodium, energy and not soldJump Rope for Heart which encourages physical activity and raises money for heart disease and strokeFresh Tastes at School – also contains a canteen traffic light systemThe 2&5 fruit and vegetable programThere is evidence for programs similar to these having a positive effect. One study looked at the effects of a school based intervention on promotion of healthy lifestyles in 7-11 year olds. The study’s results indicated a positive effect on physical activity levels and body composition after the intervention had taken place.
Some further issues to think about:Banning junk food advertising during children’s viewing hours/or it is up to parents to control their child’s diet?Cheaper healthy canteen food/more expensive junk food at school?It’s not only important to implement healthy lifestyles at school but parents should also be involved because in the end they have a say in a child’s lifestyle outside of school. Future research could focus on a holistic approach to healthy lifestyle through involving schools, parents and the child.Future research could also focus on not only government intervention programs and regulation, but also more education, as without knowledge of what, why and how to implement a healthy lifestyle, people are less likely to change their behaviors.
