Jan. 28, 2018 - This is my philosophy and game studies presentation featuring the game, "Fallout Shelter (2015)," a free-to-play simulation game developed by Bethesda Game and Behaviour Interactive, and published by Bethesda Softworks.
The presentation explores the ethics of "Fallout Shelter" using the following theories (from philosophy, political science, cultural studies, and psychology): Capitalism; Authoritarianism; Plutocracy; McCarthyism; Eugenics; Ageism; Egoism; Altruism.
Additional topics explored are: Nuclear Fallout; Counterfactual History; Red Scare; Atomic Bomb; Atomic Age; U.S. History in the 1950s.
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This presentation was featured at the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Games and Simulations Network live webcast on Jan. 28, 2018.
The live webcast video was recorded and made available on Youtube, as well as made available in this presentation.
Please feel free to watch the video while exploring the presentation.
Link to access the live slides presentation:
http://bit.ly/falloutshelterethics
2. About this Presentation
This presentation was featured at the International Society for Technology in
Education (ISTE) Games and Simulations Network live webcast on Jan. 28, 2018.
The live webcast video was recorded and made available on Youtube, as well as
made available in this presentation.
Please feel free to watch the video while exploring the presentation.
5. Mobile Game Based on Fallout Series
❖ Fallout Shelter (2015) is a free-to-play simulation mobile game by
Bethesda Game Studios and Behaviour Interactive, a spin-off based
on Fallout game series.
❖ Released on Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, XBox One.
❖ Simulation of a post-nuclear apocalyptic America.
❖ Gameplay involves building and maintaining a fallout shelter, growing
population size, and completing quests to obtain resources for
sustaining the population.
6. Story of Fallout Series
❖ Set in alternate history of U.S. 1950s atomic age when technologies
were powered by nuclear energy.
❖ 13 commonwealths ruled U.S. until capitalism and plutocracy
corrupted U.S. into a fascist police state.
❖ Surveillance, torture, experimentation, and public execution became
du jour citizen control methods.
❖ Great War (2077) led to global nuclear apocalypse (U.S., China, USSR,
and other nuclear capable nations launched weapons for 2 hours).
7. Story of Fallout Series (Cont.)
❖ 1000 survivors lived in 122 Vaults built by govt. contractor Vault Tec.
❖ Vaults conducted unethical social and scientific experiments, e.g.
mutating residents via psychopathic drugs, virus, or radiation.
❖ Surface, aka The Wasteland, became completely irradiated. Surface
survivors became irradiated “ghouls.”
❖ Vaults were not opened until the year 2097 and later.
❖ It is not clear exactly when Fallout Shelter falls on the timeline.
9. 1950s Culture of Fear
❖ U.S. Sentiments During 1950s Post WWII (1939-1945) Era: National
and racial destiny, national solidarity, fear of degenerates, fear of
outsiders, paranoia, expansion of military power,
infallible/unquestionable leaders, authoritarianism, racism, sexism.
❖ Red Scare: Campaign to identify secret communist traitors in U.S.
❖ McCarthyism: Launch accusations of treason without evidence.
❖ Fear of Atomic Bomb and U.S. Nuclear Fallout Survival Guides.
14. Source:
"Photograph of the Office of Civil
and Defense Mobilization exhibit
at a local civil defense fair. ca.
1960", released by National
Archives
15. Source:
"Photograph of a display of
survival supplies for the well-
stocked fallout shelter, ca.1961."
released by National Archives
16. Source:
"Photograph of a basement
family fallout shelter" (1957)
(with 14 days food supply),
released by National Archives
18. "How Global
Fallout Can Affect
Your Health" by
Center for Disease
Control and
Prevention (CDC)
(2018)
19. “KI (potassium iodide) blocks
radioactive iodine from entering
the thyroid. When a person takes
KI, the stable iodine in the
medicine gets absorbed by the
thyroid. Because KI contains so
much stable iodine, the thyroid
gland becomes ‘full’ and cannot
absorb any more iodine—either
stable or radioactive—for the next
24 hours.”
-- Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) (2018)
22. Mobile Game as a Curiosity
❖ In Fallout series, the player takes on the role of a dweller who leaves a
Vault-Tec Vault (for survival or escape). However, in Fallout Shelter,
the player takes on the role of an Overseer who maintains a Vault-Tec
Vault.
❖ Since Vaults were sites where unethical social and scientific
experiments took place, it is curious that Bethesda Game Studios
would make a mobile game about building and maintaining a Vault.
❖ What would be the motivation to survive in a nuclear apocalyptic
wasteland where all things are irradiated and threaten life?
24. Two Ways to Play the Game
Play with Complicity
❖ As Overseer with absolute power
over the lives of Vault dwellers,
the player can perform ethical or
unethical acts at will.
❖ Fallout Shelter enables us to
experience what it is like to be
complicit in performing
unethical acts. ex. Evict dwellers
for the sake of caps (money).
Play with Resistance
❖ As Overseer with absolute power over
the lives of Vault dwellers, the player
can consciously avoid performing
unethical acts.
❖ However, game rules encourage
unethical play, and punish ethical
play. ex. Player sacrifice chances to
earn caps (money) by refusing to evict
dwellers.
117. Game Values: Capitalism and Authoritarianism
❖ Maximizing profit is the raison d’etre.
❖ Profit should be valued over social good.
❖ Providing social good is justified if and only if the act enables humans
to provide labor that increases profit.
❖ A human life is good insofar as it can perform efficient labor for
increasing profit.
❖ Human value is measured by the profit it can generate.
❖ Authoritarianism is good because it maximizes profit.
❖ Authoritarianism requires surveillance and oppression of the
citizens.
118. Game Values: Efficiency Warrants Eugenics
❖ Eugenics (greek for “Good Birth”) is a social philosophy, originated
from Plato, that contemplates on how to create better societies via
selective breeding (for eliminating undesirable human traits).
❖ Most countries have ended eugenics-based policies, but U.S. still
implements some policies, such as the ban of incestual marriages.
❖ Fallout Shelter gameplay promotes eugenics based practices:
➢ Overseer (player) can selectively breed dwellers.
➢ Consequent children will carry the genetic traits of the parents.
➢ Children can inherit SPECIAL skills of the parents (when the
parents are equipped with certain items).
120. Game Values: Capitalism Justifies Ageism
❖ Fallout Shelter gameplay promotes ageism based practices:
➢ Overseer (player) can evict any dweller from the Vault at will,
without offering any justification to the dweller.
➢ Once a dweller reaches level 50 (max), the dweller can no longer
generate any caps (profit) for the Overseer.
➢ To raise efficiency and profit, the Overseer can evict the level 50
dweller, and train a younger dweller to replace the older dweller.
➢ Upon eviction, the dweller is stripped of weapons and armor that
could protect him/herself from the Wasteland.
➢ A dweller’s level could represent age. The eviction of the level 50
dwellers could be interpreted as an ageism-driven act.
122. What is Egoism?
❖ In philosophy, Egoism (latin. “Ego” means “I”) is an ethical theory
that presents either a descriptive or a normative position that an act
can be moral or rational if the act maximizes one’s self-interest.
❖ 3 Types of Egoism:
➢ Psychological Egoism: A descriptive position (and a metaethics)
that a person desires/is motivated to act only to maximize her
own self-interest.
➢ Ethical Egoism: A normative position that actions are morally
right if the actions maximize one’s self-interest.
➢ Rational Egoism: Claims that actions are rational if the actions
maximize one’s self-interest.
123. Egoism vs. Altruism
❖ For the Psychological Egoist, Altruism (the belief that one would or
should act for the sake of others) is unnatural for the individual, who
desires to act solely for her own welfare.
❖ Example Scenario: A fireman rushes into a burning building to save a
child, even though he knows that the building will likely explode within
minutes due to a gas leak. The fireman was able to save the child’s
life, but he dies soon after due to 3rd degree burns and carbon
monoxide poisoning.
How would an Altruist vs. an Egoist respond to the above scenario?
124. Egoist’s vs Altruist’s Response to a Scenario
❖ An Altruist would say that the fireman acted altruistically to save the
child’s life, while foregoing his own. The fireman rushed into the
burning building, knowing that it was about to explode, because he
acted for the sake of the child.
❖ An Egoist would say that the fireman acted in self-interest when he
saved the child’s life, because he only acted for the sake of upholding
his own reputation. The fireman rushed into the burning building,
knowing that it was about to explode, because he wanted to
showcase his heroism. His death was unfortunate, but it preserved
his honor as a fireman.
125. The Egoism of the Overseer
❖ In Fallout Shelter, the Overseer (the player) can make ethical or
unethical acts at will, without any intervention from the dwellers. The
Overseer has absolute power over the dwellers and the Vault.
❖ The Overseer asks the dwellers to perform various jobs, all for the
purpose of maximizing his/her self-interest, which is to gain profit.
❖ The Overseer maintains the Vault to secure the dweller’s lives,
because dwellers are needed to complete jobs and maximize
production. He/She is motivated to protect the Vault and the dwellers
to benefit his own welfare.
126. Question about the Dwellers
❖ Q. Through the lens of Egoism, how would we
understand the motivation of the dwellers in
working for the authoritative and oppressive
Overseer?
127. Presentation by:
Sherry Jones
Philosophy & Game Studies SME Lecturer,
Rocky Mountain College of Art & Design
ISTE Games and Simulations Network Leader
http://about.me/sherryjones
Twitter @autnes
sherryjones.edtech@gmail.com