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1. by
A. H. Siddiquie

2. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
1. Present Indefinite
2. Present Continuous
Present Tenses
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous
1. Past Indefinite
Past Tenses 2. Past Continuous
3. Past Perfect
4. Past Perfect Continuous
1. Future Indefinite
2. Future Continuous
Future Tenses
3. Future Perfect
4. Future Perfect Continuous

3. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous • Jumlay kay aakhir
main “taa hai, tee
hai, tay hain”
waghera aata hai.
Uses…
We use the PRESENT SIMPLE tense to talk about facts; things which are true in past, present and
future. If the action lies only in the past, present or future, another tense has to be used.
1. The present simple expresses a fact which is always true, or true for a longtime.
 He comes from England. (Wo England say aata hai)
 She works in a shop. (Wo dukaanmain kaam kertee hai)
2. It also expresses a habit.
 He works all weekdays. (Wo huftay kay tamaam din kaam kertaa hai)
 She goes to work by bus. (Wo kaam per bus say jatee hai)

4. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous • I start at 7:00.
• You start at 7:00.
• We start at 7:00.
• They start at 7:00.
Structure (Affirmative)… • He starts at 7:00.
• She starts at 7:00.
• It starts at 7:00.
Subject + 1st form of a verb + Object
• Ali starts at 7:00.
• Office opens at nine.
I
You
start
We
They
at 7:00
He
She
starts
It
Singular name

5. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
• Most verbs: .
3. Present Perfect add –s to infinitive.
4. Present Perfect Continuous * play – plays
* stay – stays
* work – works
• Verbs ending in
Structure (Affirmative)… “-s, -z, -ch, -sh, -o, -x”
add “-es” to infinitives.
*miss – misses
*teach – teaches
Where to add “s” & where to add “es” *buzz – buzzes
*watch – watches
Add (s/es with verb 1st form in case of 3rd Person Singular) * fix – fixes
* push – pushes
I » First person singular I Play go study • Verbs ending in
consonant + “Y”:
You » Second person singular You Play go study change “Y” to “i” and
He/She/It/Name » Third person singular He/She/It/Name Play(s) go(es) Stud(ies) then add “–es”.
We » First person singular We Play go study *fly – flies
You » Second person singular You Play go study *cry – cries
They » Third person singular They Play go study *hurry – hurries
*reply – replies
• Exceptions:
*have – has
*go – goes
*do – does

6. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous • When we make
negative, we use do
not or don’t / does
not or doesn’t.
Structure (Negative)…
Subject + do not/ does not + Verb Infinitive
• I do not work.
In “Negative we use the following structure: • You do not work.
• We do not work.
I • He does not work.
do not
You • She does not work.
or
We • It does not work.
don’t • They do not work.
They
start at 7:00 • Ali does not work.
He
does not
She
or
It
doesn’t
Singular name

7. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous • In questions, the
subject comes after
do/ does.
• In questions with
Structure (Interrogative or Question)… does, there is no “s”
at the end of the
main verb.
Do/ Does + Subject + Verb Infinitive
1) With question words: who, what, when, etc. 2) Without a question word (yes-no questions)
I I
You You
do do
We We
They They
When Start? Work?
He He
She She
does does
It It
Singular name Singular name

8. THERE ARE 3 TENSES …
Present, Past and Future
Present Tenses
1. Present Indefinite or Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Exercise
Now make the following sentences negative/into questions.
1. You want to go to the cinema.
2. She likes eating chocolate.
3. I play football every Saturday.
4. He sees his grandmother once a week.
5. They do the shopping on Wednesdays after work.
6. We listen to music when we want to relax.
7. Office opens at nine.
8. I live in Karachi.
9. Sun rises in the east.
10. I get up early everyday.
11. It rains heavily in August.
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