1. ANKIT KUMAR PANDEY
M.TECH 2ND YEAR (ECE)
J.K. INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
A.U. ALLAHABAD
Wireless communication through Light illumination
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2. Introduction
History
Present Wireless Communication
How LI-FI
Construction of LI-FI
How LI-FI works
Comparison with WI-FI
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
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3. The Li-Fi protocols are defined by the international
standard IEEE 802.15 established since 2011
Li-Fi refers to wireless communication systems using
light as a medium instead of traditional radio frequencies,
as in technology using the Wi-Fi.
The general term visible light communication (VLC)
includes any use of the visible light portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information
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4. The term Li-Fi was coined by Harald Haas from the
University of Edinburgh in the UK in 2011.
In October 2011the Li-Fi Consortium group was
formed to promote high-speed optical wireless systems.
VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi
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5. By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbps were
demonstrated over a single colour LED.
In September 2013, a press release said that Li-Fi, or
VLC systems in general, do not require line-of-sight
conditions.
In October 2013, Fudan University, researchers
modulated Internet signals to a 1watt LED lamp. Under
the light, four computers were able to access the
Internet.
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6. Radio spectrum
1.4 Million base stations, 5 billion Mobile stations
600tb data every month
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8. CAPACITY(using radio waves)
Cost and Expensive
Less Bandwidth compared to other spectrums
Insufficient spectrum for increasing data
EFFICIENCY
Millions of base-stations consume huge amount of
energy for
1.Transmitting the radio waves
2.To cool the base station cabins
5% Efficiency
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9. AVAILABILITY;
Available within the range of Base stations
Limited availability
Unavailable in aircrafts
SECURITY:
Less secure(passes through the walls)
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10. Why only VLC can replace radio communication?
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11. Normal light power is replaced by LED light power
The LED bulb will hold a micro-chip that will do the job of
processing the data.
The light intensity can be manipulated to send data by tiny
changes in amplitude
Properties of LED: (Fundamental property of LI-FI);
1. Intensity can be modulated into very high speeds and
varying amplitudes
2. LED can be switched on and off with very high speed
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12. LI-FI product consists of four primary sub-
assemblies;
I. Bulb
II. RF power amplifier circuit
III. Printed circuit board(PCB)
IV. Enclosures
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13. CONSTRUCTION……
The PCB controls the electric inputs and
outputs of the lamp and houses.
A radio frequency signal is generated by the
solid state power amplifier and is guided into
an electric field about the bulb.
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14. CONSTRUCTION……
The high concentration of energy in the
electric field vaporizes the contents of the bulb
to a plasma state at the bulb’s center, this
controlled plasma generates an intense source
of light.
All of these subassemblies are contained in
an aluminum enclosure
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16. At the heart of LIFI is the bulb sub-assembly where a
sealed bulb is embedded in a dielectric material.
bulb
Dielectric
material
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17. The dielectric material serves two purposes;
1. A waveguide for the RF energy transmitted by the
power amplifier.
2. As an electric field concentrator that focuses energy
in the bulb
The energy from the electric field rapidly heats the
material in the bulb and emits light of high intensity
and full spectrum.
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18. The operational procedure is very simple; if the LED
is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it’s off you transmit
a 0.
Vary the rate at which the LED’s flicker depending
upon the data we want to encode.
Further enhancements can be made in this method,
using an array of LEDs for parallel data transmission.
Such advancements promise a theoretical speed of 10
Gbps.
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20. The receiver has optics, and is fast enough to ‘see’ the
light dimming and brightening, smart enough to
decode the Li-Fi data, and then deliver it to the
attached device such as a laptop computer.
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23. characteristics WI-FI LI-FI
Frequency 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz No freq is defined
Standard IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15
Range 100 meters Based on LED light
Data transfer rate 11 Mbps >1 Gbps
Security less secure highly secure
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24. • Larger bandwidth (10,000 times the radio
bandwidth)
• High efficiency
• More availability
• Highly secure
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25. Shadowing
Dimming
Multiuser support
Connectivity while moving
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31. The possibilities are numerous and can be explored
further. If this technology can be put into practical
use, every bulb can be used something like a Li-Fi
hotspot.
This may solve issues such as the shortage of RF
bandwidth and also allow internet where traditional
radio based wireless isn’t allowed.
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32. Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
IJERT Vol. 2 Issue 10, October – 2013 ;ISSN: 2278-0181
"pure VLC Ltd" (http://www.researchinnovation.ed.ac.uk/
Entrepreneurs/Enterpriseshowcase/pureVLCLtd).Enterprise
showcase. University of Edinburgh.22 October 2013
Haas, Harald (July 2011). "Wireless data from every light
bulb”.
An IEEE Standard for Visible Light Communications
(http://visiblelightcomm.com/an-ieee-standard-forvisible-
light-communications/) visiblelightcomm.com, April 2011.
Consumer Communications and Networking Conference
(CCNC), 2011 IEEE Digital Object
Identifier: 10.1109/CCNC.2011.5766491 2011 , Page(s): 362 -
364
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