Hamilton's talk may be viewed at http://youtu.be/ArcSIg3cYcw
Complete abstracts along with presenter bios and photos, are available on our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/2013-ancestral-health-symposium-ahs13
Abstract:
The current Ancestral Health movement is often thought to be on the verge of going mainstream. Many within the movement believe this would lead to positive health (and financial) outcomes for both individuals and society as a whole. However, the transition from a small, highly-devoted group of adherents to a mass following will be far more difficult than commonly assumed. In addition, this presentation will gauge the current size of the Ancestral Health movement by examining empirical data. It also identifies the two types of individuals that typically go paleo. The key commonality between both groups is a very high level of motivation, which also suggests limited penetration of the Ancestral Health movement in the future.
AHS13 Alyssa Rhoden — Give Them Grains? Analyzing Approaches to World Hunger Ancestral Health Society
Feeding the world is a compelling problem that is expected to worsen. A proposed solution is to increase the number of available calories by diverting more crops from animal feed to direct human consumption. I analyze this approach, taking into account the types of food that can be produced. The results indicate that current crops are rather poor at delivering nutritious food and that repurposing grains is an unlikely solution to world hunger. I will discuss alternative methods by which we can maximize production of nutritious foods and the importance of the ancestral health community’s involvement in the sustainable agriculture movement.
AHS13 Adele Hite - The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Beco...Ancestral Health Society
Adele's AHS13 talk, The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Become a Force for Change, may be viewed on our youtube channel:
http://youtu.be/l1r8yF02oc8
For complete schedule, bios, abstracts, please see our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/ahs13-detailed-schedule
AHS13 Shilpi Mehta — Nutrition for the Eyes, Brain and Heart: An Eye Doctor's...Ancestral Health Society
Ocular health is strongly connected to systemic body health especially in cardiovascular, neuronal, and inflammatory diseases. The eye is the window to the health of the body and inflammation elsewhere can manifest symptoms in the eye. I suggest an anti-inflammatory Paleolithic inspired diet is likely to improve and possibly prevent ocular diseases such as dry eyes, cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, etc. which have inflammatory origins. I will discuss common ocular conditions that have inflammatory causes, an evolutionary perspective on eye diseases, and offer practical recommendations for food and supplements to optimize eye health, which also help the body, especially the heart and brain.
AHS13 Alyssa Rhoden — Give Them Grains? Analyzing Approaches to World Hunger Ancestral Health Society
Feeding the world is a compelling problem that is expected to worsen. A proposed solution is to increase the number of available calories by diverting more crops from animal feed to direct human consumption. I analyze this approach, taking into account the types of food that can be produced. The results indicate that current crops are rather poor at delivering nutritious food and that repurposing grains is an unlikely solution to world hunger. I will discuss alternative methods by which we can maximize production of nutritious foods and the importance of the ancestral health community’s involvement in the sustainable agriculture movement.
AHS13 Adele Hite - The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Beco...Ancestral Health Society
Adele's AHS13 talk, The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Become a Force for Change, may be viewed on our youtube channel:
http://youtu.be/l1r8yF02oc8
For complete schedule, bios, abstracts, please see our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/ahs13-detailed-schedule
AHS13 Shilpi Mehta — Nutrition for the Eyes, Brain and Heart: An Eye Doctor's...Ancestral Health Society
Ocular health is strongly connected to systemic body health especially in cardiovascular, neuronal, and inflammatory diseases. The eye is the window to the health of the body and inflammation elsewhere can manifest symptoms in the eye. I suggest an anti-inflammatory Paleolithic inspired diet is likely to improve and possibly prevent ocular diseases such as dry eyes, cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, etc. which have inflammatory origins. I will discuss common ocular conditions that have inflammatory causes, an evolutionary perspective on eye diseases, and offer practical recommendations for food and supplements to optimize eye health, which also help the body, especially the heart and brain.
sociology of food and eating with details of psychology of food and eating, sociological perspectives history and background, food production and distribution, culture and civilization
Jessica Fanzo
POLICY SEMINAR
Climate resilience, sustainable food systems, and healthy diets: Can we have it all?
OCT 31, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
You need to make up the vitamins and minerals your body needs, but are lacking in your food. You need a multivitamin that tastes great and is in liquid form so it's more bioavailable to you bodily systems.
This article will show you what you need to use that has all these important qualities.
Go further with food or the future foodsameerkhan92
people who waste food just make use of this and be aware and u can also learn something new and the sufferings that we have to face after a decade not after a decade myay be after few years......
Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis, ndings, and recommendations. They are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback, and to in uence ongoing debate on emerging issues. Working papers may eventually be published in another form and their content may be revised.How can shifting diets—the type, combination, and quantity of foods people consume—contribute to a sustainable food future? Building on the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) food demand projections, we estimate that the world needs to close a 70 percent “food gap” between the crop calories available in 2006 and expected calorie demand in 2050.
The food gap stems primarily from population growth and changing diets. The global population is projected to grow to nearly 10 billion people by 2050, with two-thirds of those people projected to live in cities. In addition,
at least 3 billion people are expected to join the global middle class by 2030. As nations urbanize and citizens become wealthier, people generally increase their calorie intake and the share of resource-intensive foods—such
as meats and dairy—in their diets. At the same time, technological advances, business and economic changes, and government policies are transforming entire food chains, from farm to fork. Multinational businesses are increasingly in uencing what is grown and what people eat. Together, these trends are driving a convergence toward Western-style diets, which are high in calories, protein, and animal-based foods. Although some of this shift re ects health and welfare gains for many people, the scale of this convergence in diets will make it harder for the world to achieve several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including those on hunger, healthy lives, water management, climate change, and terrestrial ecosystems.
What is Nutritional Anthropology? It is the study of nutrition from an Anthropological perspective! What topics does it include? Find out about several examples in this presentation!
The world is facing a nutrition crisis : Approximately 3 Billion people from everyone of the worlds 193 countries have a low quality diets . Over the next 20 years , multiple forms of malnutrition will pose increasingly serious threats to global health. Population growth combined with climate change will place increasing stress on the food systems , particularly in Africa and Asia where there will be an additional two billion people in 2050 . At the same time rapidly increasing urbanisation,particularly in these two regions,will affect hunger and nutrition in complex ways - Both Positively and Negatively
An illustrated introduction to Archaeological Tours' Megaliths and Monuments study tour for May 2016. The tour visits four Paleolithic occupation sites, two dozen Neolithic megalith sites and several historical monuments including Mont-Saint-Michel. Lodgings are taken in Paris, Carnac, Quimper, Morlaix, Saint-Malo, Salisbury and London Heathrow.
sociology of food and eating with details of psychology of food and eating, sociological perspectives history and background, food production and distribution, culture and civilization
Jessica Fanzo
POLICY SEMINAR
Climate resilience, sustainable food systems, and healthy diets: Can we have it all?
OCT 31, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
You need to make up the vitamins and minerals your body needs, but are lacking in your food. You need a multivitamin that tastes great and is in liquid form so it's more bioavailable to you bodily systems.
This article will show you what you need to use that has all these important qualities.
Go further with food or the future foodsameerkhan92
people who waste food just make use of this and be aware and u can also learn something new and the sufferings that we have to face after a decade not after a decade myay be after few years......
Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis, ndings, and recommendations. They are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback, and to in uence ongoing debate on emerging issues. Working papers may eventually be published in another form and their content may be revised.How can shifting diets—the type, combination, and quantity of foods people consume—contribute to a sustainable food future? Building on the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) food demand projections, we estimate that the world needs to close a 70 percent “food gap” between the crop calories available in 2006 and expected calorie demand in 2050.
The food gap stems primarily from population growth and changing diets. The global population is projected to grow to nearly 10 billion people by 2050, with two-thirds of those people projected to live in cities. In addition,
at least 3 billion people are expected to join the global middle class by 2030. As nations urbanize and citizens become wealthier, people generally increase their calorie intake and the share of resource-intensive foods—such
as meats and dairy—in their diets. At the same time, technological advances, business and economic changes, and government policies are transforming entire food chains, from farm to fork. Multinational businesses are increasingly in uencing what is grown and what people eat. Together, these trends are driving a convergence toward Western-style diets, which are high in calories, protein, and animal-based foods. Although some of this shift re ects health and welfare gains for many people, the scale of this convergence in diets will make it harder for the world to achieve several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including those on hunger, healthy lives, water management, climate change, and terrestrial ecosystems.
What is Nutritional Anthropology? It is the study of nutrition from an Anthropological perspective! What topics does it include? Find out about several examples in this presentation!
The world is facing a nutrition crisis : Approximately 3 Billion people from everyone of the worlds 193 countries have a low quality diets . Over the next 20 years , multiple forms of malnutrition will pose increasingly serious threats to global health. Population growth combined with climate change will place increasing stress on the food systems , particularly in Africa and Asia where there will be an additional two billion people in 2050 . At the same time rapidly increasing urbanisation,particularly in these two regions,will affect hunger and nutrition in complex ways - Both Positively and Negatively
An illustrated introduction to Archaeological Tours' Megaliths and Monuments study tour for May 2016. The tour visits four Paleolithic occupation sites, two dozen Neolithic megalith sites and several historical monuments including Mont-Saint-Michel. Lodgings are taken in Paris, Carnac, Quimper, Morlaix, Saint-Malo, Salisbury and London Heathrow.
The paleolithic era and the neolithic eraashleyrollins
Paleolithic Era to Neolithic Era. Created for a sixth grade social studies classroom. Contains information about the transition from hunting and gathering to a more permanent and agricultural lifestyle.
Information from History Alive! Pictures from Wikipedia and Discovery Education.
This guide is developed to address two key food-related health disparities facing New York City: diabetes and heart-disease. We believe the food and health gap affects individuals, families, and communities on multiple levels including the level of the spirit or soul. As such, we value the participation of people of all faiths and we welcome all to bring the whole of their experience into the dialogue.
Technology Life Balance and Addiction: Gaming, Pornography, TV AddictionCity Vision University
This presentation looks at technology related addiction like facebook addiction, gambling addiction, gaming addiction, information diet, media boundaries, media diet, media nutrition, pornography addiction. How do you create boundaries and balance? How do we use media for growth?
Lecture given to Learning Unit 2 students of the Integrated Liberal Arts-Medicine Program of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, March 12, 2014, Paz Mendoza Building
Fourth INTARMED batch to experience my interactive session on "Futures Thinking" for health - one of the closing sessions in the subject "History of Medicine"
Book Ambra to speak or train: http://ambrawatkins.org/speaker. As digital natives mature into adults, the impact technology has had on their mental health is undeniable. One in four students have a diagnosable illness, and 40% do not seek help. What are the causes? What can young people do to recover? How can parents and mentors help?
Fashion Creativity and Mental Health. Keynote Presentation by Dr Carolyn MairiCAADEvents
What are the psychological implications of creativity? In this talk Dr Mair will discuss how the pressures in the fashion industry can lead to or exacerbate mental health issues and explore how psychology can be applied to help alleviate these.
Meaning of Food and FamilyCritically analyze the concept of meat.docxARIV4
Meaning of Food and Family
Critically analyze the concept of meat hunger. What are the potential causes and effects?
Initial responses should be no less than 250 words in length not including your reference(s) and supported by at least two references (aside from the textbook) APA format
Food & Gender, Ethnicity, & SES
Gender roles include tasks and identities related to food. What are the most common food-related tasks considered masculine in US culture? What are the most common food related tasks considered feminine in US culture? Which tasks are the prestige tasks and which are the routine, thankless tasks?
Initial responses should be no less than 250 words in length not including your reference(s) and supported by at least two references (aside from the textbook) APA format
Food Norms and Taboos
Early European colonial powers discovered people-eating in some of the indigenous peoples they met around the world. What was their initial conclusion concerning why this choice is made? What does Harris think is the driving force making some societies people-eaters and others not? Explain the theories in detail, explaining the logic and evidence. Also address the concept of food taboos.
Initial responses should be no less than 250 words in length not including your reference(s) and supported by at least two references (aside from the textbook) APA format
FOOD MEMORY
(Texas Barbeque)
For this assignment, you will discuss a food memory, preferably from your childhood. This could be a memory of tasting or liking/disliking a particular food, or it could be a memory focused on a dish from a particular eating event, collective or individual. Pay attention to as many senses as you can invoke to evoke this memory. If you recalled a dish at a specific event, talk to others who were also present and see how they remember the dish and the event; analyze the similarities and discrepancies between your recollections. You can also include a brief recipe if you like.
Do a bit of research to place your memory in wider context, incorporating related sources when applicable. Discuss the cultural, symbolic, social, structural, or other meanings of this dish. Specify the social group for whom it has meaning, for what kinds of occasions and settings is this dish prepared, who is involved in the preparation, serving, and consumption of this dish, background, etc.
Is this a food that unique to your culture? What are its traditional names? (And, do these names have any special significance and/or meaning?) What ingredients go into making these foods? How and when are they eaten? Are there unspoken family “rules” about food consumption (e.g., what’s okay, and not okay, to eat; how and where should one eat, etc.)Instead of writing a traditional paper, I want you to have FUN with this assignment. To that end, please put together a presentation using one of the FREE online multimedia programs listed below. In addition to these sites, you might want to use pixabay.com ...
Food is the most important component of the planet, human society, and every individual. However, our current thinking about food is filled with disinformation and siloed thinking. Can we use technology to unify the silos and counter disinformation?
AHS13 Grayson Wheatley - What is Optimal Health? Complexity Science, Chaos Th...Ancestral Health Society
An ancestral lifestyle relies on alignment of nutrition, physical activity and sleep for achieving optimal health and well-being. New research in complexity science - a rapidly evolving body of work that studies dynamic networking systems - has cast doubt on the effectiveness of how we measure expected outcomes in health and medicine. Complex systems may better explain human health by focusing not on single data elements as “cause-and-effect” but on the interactions among complex biological systems. The implications of complexity science and chaos theory on leading an ancestral lifestyle and achieving optimal health will be discussed.
Dr. Lassek's talk may be viewed here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJhT_ANNy4E
Abstract: One puzzle is why human males have such a strong preference for women with hourglass figures and low weights that can compromise fertility. The second is why slender young women typically have about one third of their weight in body fat, more than bears starting to hibernate, and why human infants are also very fat. Finally, why do women typically gain another twenty pounds or more during their reproductive years? The answer may lie in the roles that fat plays in providing essential fatty acids needed for the growth of a very large brain and in regulating overall fetal growth.
Over the past century, industrialized societies have seen a meteoric rise in the so-called diseases of civilization: obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease and cancer. These disorders are often associated with apparent "deficiencies" in critical nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and hormones. This talk will examine the arguments for and against supplementation, together with the evidence from interventional studies. The focus will be on the supplementation with Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and calcium. I will argue that the case for supplementation as a long-term preventive strategy has not be made, and often overlooks the compensating effects of homeostatic regulation.
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence Ancestral Health Society
The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates the trafficking and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat. Since insulin influences fatty acid flux in fat tissue, and manipulating insulin can influence body fatness, this has raised the possibility that insulin plays a role in common obesity. Two competing hypotheses propose that 1) elevated insulin is a compensatory response to insulin resistance that develops with fat gain, or 2) elevated insulin outpaces insulin resistance and favors fat gain. Each hypothesis appears to be supported by a large amount of evidence. This presentation will outline a framework capable of reconciling this seemingly conflicting evidence.
AHS13 Tony Federico — Processed Foods and Processed Friends: Is Facebook a Ne...Ancestral Health Society
Human beings crave social connection in much the same way that we crave sugary, salty, and fatty foods. In this sense, smartphone enabled social media use parallels the fast food drive-through. Chronic daily use of social media can create dependency and is a threat to emotional and psychological well-being just as over consumption of energy dense foods can lead to diabetes, heart disease, and other diseases of civilization. Moderating the consumption of "processed friends" is just as important as moderating the consumption of processed foods for maintaining and improving total health and wellness.
AHS13 Tim Gerstmar - It Ain't Your Great-Grandparents World: Environmental To...Ancestral Health Society
Humanity has released approximately 100,000 new chemical compounds into the environment, mostly in the past 100 years. Compounds our bodies have never seen before and weren't designed to deal with. In this talk we will discuss some of the common environmental toxins and how they have been shown to be harmful to human health. We will also discuss: testing methods for quantifying toxicity, how the body detoxifies (the seven organs involved) and provide simple methods audience members can take to reduce their toxic burden, as well as briefly discuss more intensive, physician practices for detoxification for people who need it.
Depression is an insidious issue in the US and elsewhere. Lifestyle habits that are very different from our ancestral environment may be to blame, and one particularly problematic area is food choice. Depressive symptoms share much in common with the adaptive features of sickness behavior, which is functional when operating in an environment of ancestrally normal immune stressor. Modern diets likely activate the immune system (primarily the inflammatory response) and induce the cascade of adaptive responses that collective make up sickness behavior. Due to their similarities, these may then diagnosed as depression. In this talk, I discuss the links among diet, depression, and inflammation, as well as highlighting some specific dietary components that contribute to this response.
AHS13 Paul Ralston — The Effect of Diet on Chronic Spinal Pain Disorders Ancestral Health Society
Despite the high frequency of spinal related pain disorders, few patients or physicians understand or even acknowledge the role nutrition plays in pain perception. This presentation will explain the anatomy of the most common spinal structures responsible for being sources of pain. The lecture will also examine the robust role diet plays in increasing or decreasing the perception of pain.
Persistent lack of progress by mainstream (non-evolutionary) medicine suggests evolutionary thinking is necessary for progress, but many examples – involving Weston Price, sleep, depression, weight control, omega-3, acne, depression, and fermented foods -- suggest it is far from sufficient. Evolutionary thinking helps solve health problems because it greatly narrows the possibilities worth study but it does not narrow the possibilities far enough (there is too much uncertainty) to by itself produce practical solutions. For example, evolutionary thinking helped me find a new theory of weight control but I had learn more to find a practical way to lose weight.
Dry Eye Disease (DED) has become a substantial economic burden to industrialized society. It is estimated to cost as much as $18K/year/patient in lost productivity for a total of $55B/year in the United States alone. Severe, untreated dry eye disease can result in significant morbidity and potential loss of vision. The role that diet plays in the inflammation and lipid abnormalities associated with dry eye disease has only recently been discovered and is still not widely accepted in the medical community.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
AHS13 Anastasia Boulais — Is Sun Worshipping Increasing Your Risk of Melanoma? Ancestral Health Society
Those of us familiar with the evolutionary medicine model have come to question many of the conventional public health recommendations and, along with them, the complete sun avoidance. Dr Anastasia Boulais will describe the delicate balance between the benefits and risks of sun worshipping based on current evidence. The talk will focus on particular patterns of sun exposure which may increase the risk of formation of cutaneous melanoma. Other factors, such as diet, vitamin D status and even training patterns, contributing to that risk will be discussed. Anastasia will conclude with an overview of protective lifestyle factors.
AHS13 Jeffrey Rothschild — Time-restricted Feeding, an Overview of the Curren...Ancestral Health Society
Time-restricted feeding is a method of intermittent fasting which allows ad libitum energy intake within a window of 4-12 hours, inducing a 12-20h daily fasted window. A wide variety of health benefits have been seen in animal and human trials, this presentation will review the current research and suggest practical applications.
AHS13 Russ Crandall and Paul Jaminet — The Perfectly Healthy Meal: How Ancest...Ancestral Health Society
We examine the principles of recipe and meal design in three approaches – standard Paleo, traditional cuisines, and Perfect Health Diet – to evaluate their similarities and differences. We then compare and contrast how various traditional recipes are implemented in the three approaches, and discuss the relative merits of each approach. Our goal is to answer the question: how can we synthesize the best of each approach to design the most healthful, satisfying, nourishing, delicious food possible?
ASH13 Scott Hall and Robb Wolf — Evaluation of the Impact of a Paleolithic Di...Ancestral Health Society
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol may not provide the best tools for predicting individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease and current insulin resistance. Novel and emerging evaluations of lipoproteins may provide a more accurate assessment of future cardiovascular risk. In an observational study of a small group of law enforcement officers, we studied the changes in both traditional and nontraditional risk factors when instructed in a “paleo” diet over 6 months. Overall, we found an encouraging impact on both traditional and nontraditional risk factors over the course of the study. It is proposed that a “paleo” diet supplemented with exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors and may be a treatment recommendation for individuals at risk.
The Consuming Instinct: What Juicy Burgers, Ferraris, Pornography and Gift Giving Reveal About Human Nature
Gad Saad, Ph.D.
I offer a synopsis of my work in the evolutionary consumption area. This will be achieved by discussing key tenets from my books (The Consuming Instinct and The Evolutionary Bases of Consumption) including that: (1) many consumption acts can be mapped onto four key Darwinian modules (survival, mating, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism); and (2) cultural products (e.g., song lyrics, movie plotlines) are fossils of the human mind that highlight a shared biological-based human nature.
AHS13 Jeff Leighton — The Role of Omega 3 Oils in the Treatment of Chronic In...Ancestral Health Society
Inflammation is associated with virtually all chronic, progressive diseases such as heart disease, vascular disease, asthma, IBS, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and even chronic neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The signals that induce inflammation are multifactorial. High dose omega 3 has the potential to be as or more effective than pharmaceutical therapies. We will report on a series of omega 3 studies that compared dose response, dose timing, (e.g. once a day or twice a day), and food intake (with or without) in four separate cohorts.
In recent years, and partially driven through the Ancestral Health movement, high-intensity interval training (HIIT – in its various guises) has become the training mode de jour. But are we over-prescribing the dose of this training? A review of the current research literature on this suggests that high-intensity interval and sprint-type sessions induce a large amount of fatigue in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Such ANS fatigue can have detrimental effects ranging from sleep disturbances through to HPA axis and stress-related issues. This session discusses the optimal dose for such forms of intense training.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
AHS13 Hamilton Stapell — The End of Paleo: Is the Ancestral Health Movement Going Mainstream? I Wouldn’t Bet on It!
1. The End of Paleo:
Is the Ancestral Health Movement Going Mainstream?
I Wouldn’t Bet on It!
Hamilton M. Stapell, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of History
SUNY New Paltz
10. • Thesis: The paleo movement will grow
modestly, but will not go mainstream.
11. Outline:
• Part I: Who goes paleo? And Why?
“A Special Kind of Person”
• Part II: Three Main Obstacles
“Cultural, Physiological, Social, Oh my!”
• Part III: Common Counterarguments
“Aren’t Things Different This Time?”
• Conclusions
“Just the Beginning”
12. “Paleo”
• Definition: The effort to optimize human
health today by examining our evolutionary or
ancestral past.
– Diet
– Exercise
– Sleep
– Sun exposure
– Social connections
13. “A Special Kind of Person”
or
Part I:
Who goes paleo? And why?
14. Who goes paleo? And Why?
• Two main reasons:
1) People who are sick, and for whom
conventional medicine has failed (majority)
15. Who goes paleo? And Why?
• Two main reasons:
1) People who are sick, and for whom
conventional medicine has failed (majority)
2) People who are seeking performance,
namely physical and mental performance
20. Who goes paleo? And Why?
• Two main reasons:
1) People who are sick, and for whom
conventional medicine has failed (majority)
2) People who are seeking performance,
namely physical and mental performance
Key commonality: High Motivation
21. “A Special Kind of Person”
• Highly motivated
• Self directed
• Willingness to challenge authority
• Access to education and resources
Examples: personal trainers, coaches, small
business owners, professionals, academics,
consultants, entrepreneurs, etc.
22. What is the highest level of education you have
completed?
74% hold bachelor’s degree or higher
National average: 30.4% (Census Bureau, Feb. 2012)
74%
23. What is the highest level of education you have
completed?
5% hold Doctoral degree
National average: less than 1% (Census Bureau, Feb. 2012)
24. What is your combined annual household
income?
41% earn $100,000 or more
National average: 15.9% (Census Bureau, Feb. 2012)
41%
25. What is your race?
National average: 72% white and shrinking (U.S. Census, 2010)
27. What is your current age?
Mean age: 38 (standard deviation: 11)
Age range: 18-85 years old
Mean age for men: 37
Mean age for women: 39
Middle aged! (35-54 Census Bureau)
28. Please indicate your current family structure.
68% in a committed relationship.
68%
29. Common Paleo Stereotypes:
Vain, single, white, young men who eat lots of meat.
BodyBuilding.com, December 2010
Competitor Magazine
May 2012
NPR.org
June 2012
30. Summary: Who goes paleo?
Despite the media stereotypes…
• Majority women (and growing)
• “middle aged” (27-49 years old)
• Overwhelmingly white
• Highly educated
• Relatively affluent
• Married or in committed relationship
• High avoidance of grains and legumes, but not
dairy and alcohol
31. Summary: And Why?
• Two main reasons:
1) People who are sick, and for whom
conventional medicine has failed (majority)
2) People who are seeking performance,
namely physical and mental performance
“A Special Kind of Person”
• Self directed
• Willingness to challenge authority
• Access to education and resources
• High motivation
33. 1) Cultural Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods are woven
into the fabric of our culture.
34. 1) Cultural Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods are woven
into the fabric of our culture.
• Neolithic foods allowed for civilization:
1) Division of labor
2) Accumulation of wealth
3) Social hierarchy
4) New technologies
37. 1) Cultural Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods are woven
into the fabric of our culture.
• Neolithic foods allowed for civilization:
1) Division of labor
2) Accumulation of wealth
3) Social hierarchy
4) New technologies
• Thus, it’s going to be hard to remove
them from our daily lives.
38. “Lord, give us this day our daily bread.”
Matthew 6:9-13 and Luke 11:2-4
Wikipedia.org
58. 2) Physiological Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods – and simple
carbohydrates in particular – are addictive.
• They taste good.
• They tap into an evolutionary need.
61. 2) Physiological Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods – and simple
carbohydrates in particular – are addictive.
• They taste good.
• They tap into an evolutionary need.
• The food game is “fixed” today.
63. 2) Physiological Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods – and simple
carbohydrates in particular – are addictive.
• They taste good.
• They tap into an evolutionary need.
• The food game is “fixed” today.
• Neolithic/Industrial foods = 70% of diet
64. 2) Physiological Obstacles
• Key point: Neolithic foods – and simple
carbohydrates in particular – are addictive.
• They taste good.
• They tap into an evolutionary need.
• The food game is “fixed” today.
• Neolithic/Industrial foods = 70% of diet
• Research evidence
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70. 3) Social (“Values”) Obstacles
• Key point: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
71. 3) Social (“Values”) Obstacles
• Key point: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
• “I deserve it.”
72. 3) Social (“Values”) Obstacles
• Key point: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
• “I deserve it.”
• Instant gratification.
73. 3) Social (“Values”) Obstacles
• Key point: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
• “I deserve it.”
• Instant gratification.
• “I want to be happy!”
75. 3) Social (“Values”) Obstacles
• Key point: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
• “I deserve it.”
• Instant gratification.
• “I just want to be happy!”
• American Creed: “Life, Liberty, Happiness”
76. “Traditional forms of
morality that required
extensive social
cooperation in
relation to a hard
reality defined by
scarcity have largely
collapsed and been
replaced with this
New Age therapeutic
culture of well-being
that does not require
obedience or even
faith — and certainly
not feelings of guilt.”
“*Personal+ well-being
has become the
primary goal of
human life.”
77. Alternative Goals (individual and society)
• Social justice
• Artistic creation
• Reduction of suffering
• Athletic performance
• Production of knowledge
• Sexual ecstasy
• “Eudemonia”
84. The Varieties of Fun and Escapism
frontroomcinema.com cirvue.com
85. The Varieties of Fun and Escapism
frontroomcinema.com pixelvolt.comcirvue.com
86. The Varieties of Fun and Escapism
frontroomcinema.com pixelvolt.comcirvue.com
books.usatoday.com
87. The Varieties of Fun and Escapism
frontroomcinema.com pixelvolt.comcirvue.com
books.usatoday.com williamgarrow.com
88. The Varieties of Fun and Escapism
frontroomcinema.com pixelvolt.comcirvue.com
books.usatoday.com williamgarrow.com drugfree.org
89. “The Reality Problem”
• “*new technology and
media] allow us to be
private in public”
• “profound alteration in our
sense of what is truth and
what is fiction”
• “the reality problem is the
preeminent cultural event
of our day”
92. Anti-intellectualism and Pseudoskepticism
Which of the following statements comes closest to your
views on the origin and development of human beings?
National Poll:
32%
14%
46%
[7% No Opinion]
(Gallup, May 2012)
94. Vive la Revolution!
• The ancestral lifestyle is nothing less than
revolutionary.
• “Agriculture – particularly grains – and the state
are, and always have been, mutually-dependent
and mutually-reinforcing. Disengaging from the
system of industrial agriculture and branded or
otherwise “value-added” food products is a
fundamentally revolutionary act that erodes GDP
and the tax base in turn.”
--Andrew Badenoch, PaleoFX13
95. Vive la Revolution!
• The ancestral lifestyle is nothing less than
revolutionary.
• “If we were to magically convert the entire world
to paleo … that would tank the economy.”
--Mark Sisson
Andreas Eenfeldt interview 2012
96. Summary: 3 Main Obstacles
1) Cultural: Neolithic foods are woven into
the fabric of our culture.
2) Physiological: Neolithic foods – and
simple carbohydrates in particular – are
addictive.
3) Social/Value: Today we see a sense of
entitlement, which commonly privileges
transitory “fun” over true mental and
physical “flourishing” (eudemonia).
97. Other Obstacles:
1) Large vested interests
(agribusiness, Monsanto, beef industry, USDA, etc.)
2) Professional organizations
(AMA, American Dietetic Association, etc.)
3) Relative cost and inconvenience
99. 1) “Today we have the internet!”
• “This time is different!”
100. 1) “Today we have the internet!”
• “This time is different!”
• “With the internet , social media, and new
technology we are going to change the
world!”
101. 1) “Today we have the internet!”
• “This time is different!”
• “With the internet , social media, and new
technology we are going to change the
world!”
• My response: Education ≠ Behavior Change
105. 1) “Today we have the internet!”
• “This time is different!”
• “With the internet , social media, and new
technology we are going to change the world!”
• My response: Education ≠ Behavior Change
• Education + Motivation + Ability + Triggers =
Behavior Change
106. 2) “We are close to a tipping point!”
• “Recent rapid growth”
• “The best information rises to the top!”
107. 2) “We are close to a tipping point!”
• “Recent rapid growth”
• “The best information rises to the top”
• My response: We are nowhere close to a
tipping point. (Law of Diffusion of Innovation)
108. Law of Diffusion of Innovation
• Simon Sinek’s TED Talk 2009:
“How Great Leaders Inspire Action”
111. How big is Paleo today?
• Difficult question
• National telephone survey needed
112. How big is Paleo today?
• Difficult question
• National telephone survey needed
• Estimate Size:
1) Empirical data
(book sales, page views, podcast downloads)
2) Ask the experts
(Loren Cordain, Dallas Hartwig, Paul Jaminet,
Chris Kresser, Mark Sisson, Robb Wolf)
113. How big is Paleo today?
• 1,000,000 – 3,000,000 in the USA
114. How big is Paleo today?
• 1,000,000 – 3,000,000 in the USA
• Population of the USA: 310,000,000
115. How big is Paleo today?
• 1,000,000 – 3,000,000 in the USA
• Population of the USA: 310,000,000
• Paleo movement = 1% of the population
121. 2) “We are close to a tipping point!”
• “Recent rapid growth”
• “The best information rises to the top”
• My response: We are nowhere close to a
tipping point. (Law of Diffusion of Innovation)
122. In your estimation, how long before a majority of
your country's population lives a paleo lifestyle?
124. Starting the Conversation…
• Ancestral Health Symposium 2012, Boston:
“Will the paleo
movement go
mainstream? Or will
it fade away like the
Physical Culture
Movement did 100
years ago?”
sethroberts.net
125. A Paleo Trilogy
• I. The Past: AHS12
“Ancestral Health in Historical Context: From Physical Culture
to the Primal Life”
• II. The Present: PaleoFX13
“Stereotypes and Reality: Demographics, Common Practices,
and Motivating Factors of the Ancestral Health Movement
Today”
• III. The Future: AHS13
“The End of Paleo: Is the Ancestral Health Movement Going
Mainstream? Wouldn’t Bet on It!”
126. Where is paleo headed?
• We can’t take growth for granted.
• Identify the main obstacles.
• Develop strategies to overcome
them.
127. Special Thanks to:
• Eliza Barclay
• Dr. Loren Cordain
• Dallas Hartwig
• Dr. Paul Jaminet
• Kendall Kendrick
• Chris Kresser
• Katherine Morrison
• Dan Pardi
• Janice M. Rosa
• David B. Schwartz
• Heather Semelmacher
• Mark Sisson
• Robb Wolf!
130. Conclusions: Connecting Ancestral Health
to Physical Culture
• Both are (middle class) reactions to rapid social,
economic, and technological change:
Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution
131. Standard “Paleo” Biography
“Due to a weak constitution and/or bad habits, the
individual’s early years are a steady descent through levels
of vitality, until semi-invalidism is approached. A shock of
realization of poor health at last fires a renunciation of self-
indulgence and a search for the hygienic truth. Reading
and self-experimentation reveal one or a few dietary (or
other physical) practices to be the required tool(s) with
which to rebuild health. The well-being following his reform
convinces the hygienist his program is the secret to all self
and social improvement, and gives him the energy to
compose the articles and books of health wisdom with
which he bombards the public until his death.”
--James Whorton, Crusaders for Fitness, 1982
132. The “Secret Handshake” Problem
“Part of the thing I like about it *Paleo]
is that it’s a closed community, and
that it is kind of exclusive. I dig that.”
-PaleoFX13 audience comment
Editor's Notes
-Here, for example, we see searches for the term “paleo diet” taking off between 2010 and 2013.
-We’ve also seen the publication of several New York Times best-selling books, including The Paleo Solution (2011) and Practical Paleo (2012).
-And now there’s even an Idiot’s Guide to the Eating Paleoand Living Paleo for Dummies, both published this year.
-We’re also seeing some greater acceptance within the medical community,-With thePaleo Physicians Network now listing hundreds of practitioners both around the United States and abroad.
-And paleo advocates are even appearing in mainstream media outlets.-Here we see Nell Stephenson and Loren Cordain appearing on The Dr. Oz Show earlier this year.
-All of this recent popularity is also backed up by some empirical data.-Back in March, I ran an online survey of the ancestral health community, and asked folks, “How long have you been living a paleo lifestyle?”
-And 85% said 3 years or less.-Or, in other words, 85% of respondents have joined the movement within the last 3 years.-This is a remarkably high number.-So, clearly, the paleo movement has been growing recently.
-But what about the future?-Where are things headed? And what will happen next?
-My main argument today is that the paleo movement will continue to grow modestly, but will not break through to the mainstream.-In other words, it will remain a fringe movement, with a small but highly dedicated group of followers.
-In order to build this argument, I will proceed in threeparts:-First, I’ll discuss the types of people who typically go paleo, and why they do so.-Second, I’ll identify the 3 main obstacles to paleo going mainstream.-Third, I’ll present some of the common counterarguments to my position.-And, finally, I’ll wrap things up in a Conclusion at the end.
-But before I proceed, let me first define what I mean by “paleo.”-For our purposes today, I’m going to define the term as: “the effort to optimize human health by examining our evolutionary or ancestral past,”-which often includes such things as diet, exercise, sleep, sun exposure, and social connections, among others.
OK, so on to Part I, who goes paleo and why.
-Well, I believe there are two main reasons why people go paleo.-First, there are those who are sick, and for whom conventional medicine has failed.-This is the most important reason, and I believe represents the majority of folks in the paleo movement.
-And, second, there are those people who are seeking performance, usually physical or mental performance.-These people are the “optimizers.” They are trying to find the best way to do things: the best way to eat, the best way to workout, and the best way to optimize their health and performance.
-And there’s some empirical evidence to back this up…-Again, this is from the online survey that I ran early this year.-In oursurvey, the #1 reason for going paleo was “weight loss” at 31%.-Now, I think we can understand this number in a couple of different ways.-On the one hand, we can understand this desire to lose weight as a form of vanity, the desire to look good in a bathing suit.-Or, on the other hand, and I think more accurately, we can understand obesity and being overweight as a kind of disease, specifically a “Disease of Civilization,” which conventional medicine has a hard time treating. -In fact, we know that over 90% of folks who lose 20 lbs or more will eventually gain back that weight.
-So if we understand being overweight as kind of illness, then the “recovery from illness” category more than doubles, pushing it to over 50%.-Also, when we looked at the “Other” category, we found that about 4% of respondents cited some specific disease, like IBS or arthritis, as the primary reason for going paleo.-So if we add in those specific illnesses, then the grand total becomes 56%, making it by far the most important motivating factor.
-Then we have the “improvement of athletic and mental performance” at a total of 11%.
-We also see the response “live more naturally,” at 17%, which I think is pretty interesting, but don’t have time to fully talk about today.
-So, returning to our two main groups…-For me, the key point here is that these two groups share something.-They share an important commonality.-And that commonality is a high level of motivation. -And I would say this is often “intrinsic motivation.” -In other words, both of these groups are highly self-motivated.-These people are highly motivated to get healthy, or to improve their performance, or some combination of the two.
-In fact, I would argue that it takes a “special kind of person” to switch to an ancestral health lifestyle.-Think about the kinds of people you meet here at the conference; or think about the people in your life who have adopted a paleo lifestyle. What are they like? What do they do?-In my experience, these people are often personal trainers, coaches, small business owners, professionals like doctors, dentists, and physical therapists, academics, money managers, consultants, and entrepreneurs. -They are often Type-A personalities.-And what do they have in common? Again, they are highly motivated, self directed, often willing to challenge authority, and usually have access to education and resources.
-And, again, there is some empirical evidence to back this up…-So, in terms of education, we see that 74% of respondents hold a Bachelor’s degree or higher,-which is 2.5 times higherthan the national average at 30%.
-And we see 5% of respondents holding PhDs, while the national average is less than 1%.-That’s 5 times higher than the national average.
-The story is similar when it comes to income.-41% of respondents have a household income of $100,00 or more,-which is more than 2.5 times the national average.-So, we see paleo folks being relatively well-educated and affluent compared to the population as a whole.-In fact, at PaleoFX in Austin this year, someone said to me that “paleo is the lifestyle of the 1%,” while this is a bit of an exaggeration, it does capture certain aspects of the movement.[-Median national household income: $45,018 (Census Bureau, Feb. 2012).]
-Speaking of income and education, we also know that Socio-Economic-Status (SES) is tied to race.-And we found that 92% of respondents in our survey were white.-The national average is only 72% white and shrinking.-So, at the moment of growing racial diversity in this country, with Asian American, African American, and Hispanic populations all increasing, the ancestral health movement is overwhelmingly white.-That, by itself, does not bode well for the future of paleo.
-Now, since I’m talking about demographics, let me give you a bit more information about the typical respondent to our survey. -Hopefully, this will help round out the picture of who goes paleo and why.-First, a clear majority were women, 56% to 44%.
-Next the mean age was 38 years old, with a standard deviation of 11.-So many of these folks would be classified as “middle aged.” [-Middle aged: 35-54 (US Census Bureau)]
-And, finally, we found that the majority was married or with a life partner.-In fact, 68% of respondents report beingin a committed relationship.-Now, as an aside, let me say that one of the things that I find most interesting about the survey results is how much they differ from the common media stereotypes…
-More often than not, the typical paleo adherent is portrayed as a vain, single, white, young man who eat lots of red meat.-In other words, they are usually portrayed as “modern cavemen.”-But, as I have just discussed, most of those stereotypes just don’t hold up.-So, there seems to be a real disconnect between who actually goes paleo and the common representations in the media.
-OK, let me try to wrap up and summarize Part I.-First, who goes paleo?... [Read slide]
-And why do these folk go paleo?-Again, there are two main reasons… [Read slide]-This all adds up to a “special kind of person”… [Read slide]-And I think this high level of motivation is especially important because, let’s face it, it takes some effort to make the switch to a paleo lifestyle.
-Which leads me to Part II of my talk:-The 3 main obstacles to paleo going mainstream, which I’m going to label as Cultural, Physiological, and Social.
-OK, so obstacle #1:-My main argument here is that Neolithic foods are tightly woven into the fabric of our culture.-They are so tightly woven, in fact, that it’s no exaggeration to say that human civilization was literally built on Neolithic foods.-And this is no accident; this is no coincidence.
-It’s grains, legumes, and dairy that allowed early populations to expand, and have sustained us for thousands of years.-So it’s Neolithic foods that really allowed for the development of civilization,-Including things like: the division labor, the accumulation of wealth, greater social hierarchy, and new forms of technology, among others.-In other words, human civilization was literally founded on, and continues to be based on, Neolithic foods.
-So without this… (early agriculture)
-…you wouldn’t have that.-That, of course, is downtown Atlanta.
-Thus, my point is that it’s going to be really hard to remove grains, legumes, and dairy from our daily lives.-Much harder than many people realize.-Let’s talk about a few examples…
-First, how about the importance of bread within Christianity?-The Lords Prayer says, “Give us this day our daily bread.”
-And, of course, bread is absolutely central in the Christian Sacrament of Communion.-That’s when the priest takes bread and wine…
-…and turns it into the body and blood of Christ.-In this context, how does giving up bread (or grains) sound to a devote Christian?
-Next we could talk about the importance of matzo in the Jewish holiday of Passover.
-And let’s think about centrality of rice in many Asian cultures.
-Andhow about the cultural importance of tortillas in Latin America?-Or, let’s bring this a bit closer to home.
-Can you imagine awedding…
-…without a wedding cake?
-Or a ball game…
-…without the hotdog?
-And how could we live without mom’s apple pie?
-And then there’s this problem…
-Wouldn’t it be totally unpatriotic to get rid of American cheese?!-Now, I know there are paleo substitutes for many of things.-But my point here is to highlight the huge cultural significance of these foods. -And, again, my main argument in this section is that Neolithic food are deeply woven into the fabric of our culture, thus it’s going to be really hard to remove them from our lives.
-OK, I’d like to move on to the 2nd main obstacle.-My main argument here is that Neolithic foods – and simple carbohydrates in particular – appear to be addictive.-So giving up grains, legumes, and dairy represents a real physical or physiological challenge.
-And why are they addictive?-Well, first, they taste good.
-Who can resist this?
-Or this? The Whole Food’s cookie bar. -I took this while in Austin for PaleoFX.-So, whether we like it or not, sweets taste good, and we often crave them.-And these cravings often lead us to eat for reasons other than hunger, which can lead to all kind of problems.
-And these problems even made the cover of National Geographic this month.
-And these sweet foods are really hard to compete with…-Hereis the Google trend line for “paleo diet” that I showed you earlier.
-And here’s that same trend line plotted against the term “cupcake.”-”paleo diet” is in blue, and “cupcake” is in red.-Clearly, paleo can’t compete with cupcakes.
-We canalso become addicted to Neolithic Foods because they tap into a real evolutionary need.
-Specifically, in a scarce environment, having a preference for highly sweet and fatty foods has survival and reproductive advantages.
-But, unfortunately, those same preferences often lead to problems in our current food environment of overabundance.
-Also, unfortunately for us, food manufacturers today know all about these pre-programmed preferences, and do everything thing they can to exploit them.-In other words, the food game is “fixed” against us.-Multinational corporations literally spend billions of dollars to make foods hyper-palatable, and to keep us coming back for more.
-If you haven’t seen it, I’d encourage you to check out Michael Moss’s new book, Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us.-In it, he shows us how corporations such as Kraft, Nabisco, and General Mills have used the latest technology to calculate the “bliss point” of sugary beverages, and to enhance the “mouthfeel” of fat by manipulating its chemical structure.-It’s one of the most revealing, and damning, accounts of the food industry that I have read.
-This next point is really important…-All of this is even more problematic because the typical American diet consists of 70%Neolithic or Industrial foods, which includes: cereals, dairy products, refined sugars, refined vegetable oils, and alcohol.-So, in other words, when we ask someone to go paleo, we are asking them change or give up almost three quarters of their diet, and the very three quarters that’s the most addictive.
-And, finally, there is some research evidence that suggests just how addictive these foods can be.-I’d like to briefly mention 5 studies to illustrate this point…
-First, this study from 2006 shows how the main reward and pleasure center of the brain lights up more intensely for foods like chocolate cake and pizza than for blander foods like vegetables.
-This next study from 2007shows that rodents will become quicklyaddicted to sugar, often choosing it overcocaine.-And there is also the suggestion that a similar thing can happen in humans.
-And this new study from 2013 shows how high-glycemic foods caused subjects to report more hunger, and to consume more food in the postprandial period.-In other words, eating high-glycemic food makes you want to eat even more food later on.-And this study also showed that high-glycemic foods produced greater activation in parts of the brain that regulate cravings, reward, and addictive behaviors.
-And I have twostudies showing that wheat and dairy can activate opiod receptors in our bodies, and thus possibly cause foods addictions.-The first one is about dairy from 2003.
-And the second is an older study from 1979 showing the addictive potential of wheat.-So, again, my main argument here is that many Neolithic foods can be addictive, and some have even been designed to be hyper palatable, so it’s going to take a great deal of effort to remove them from our daily diets.
-And thisbrings me to the third point, which I would call Social or “Values” obstacles.-Specifically, today we see a sense of entitlement, which commonly privileges transitory “fun” over true mental and physical “flourishing,” or what the ancient Greeks called “eudemonia.”-And this desire to just have fun manifests itself in different ways…
-First there is the “I deserve it” syndrome.-We have all heard a friend, or a co-worker, or a family member, or perhaps even ourselves say:-”I deserve that cookie.”-Or ”I deserve that new car” (even though I can’t afford it).-We simply don’t like being told that we can’t eat certain foods, especially foods that have high emotional or cultural significance.-And we’ve also been told again and again “everything in moderation.”-This approach just doesn’t line up with the paleo model.
-And “instant gratification” is another aspect of this as well.-We want things, and we want them now. We want the results now. We don’t want to wait.-And most of us don’t want to struggle to get what we want, or to really challenge ourselves.
-I ask my students all the time, “What’s most important to you?” Or, “What’s your goal when you get out of college?” -And, more often than not, the answer is the same: “I want to be happy!”-I don’t mean to just pick on my students here; I think most people feel this way.-And I wouldn’t say this is necessarily their fault. Society tells us all the time to “be happy!”-In fact, there’s even a whole sub-field within Psychology that studies how to be happier, which is called “Positive Psychology.”
-And this obsession with “Being Happy!” even made the cover of Time Magazine last month (July 8, 2013).
-And, heck, happiness is even woven into our American Creed.-As Americans, we are told from birth to pursue “Life, Liberty, and Happiness.”-The result is a kind of cult of personal happiness, which shapes all aspects of our life today, from morality and personal relationships to the daily choices that we make.
-In fact, a recent New York Times article, entitled “The Gospel According to Me,’” makes exactly this point.-The two authors conclude that “personal well-being and happiness have become the primary goals of human life.”
-But, I’d like to remind you all that “being happy” is not the only possible goal in life.-Instead, we as individuals, or society as a whole, could value most: social justice, artistic creation, the reduction of suffering, athletic performance, the production of knowledge, sexual ecstasy, or what the ancient Greeks call “eudemonia,”-which, as I mentioned a moment ago, is best translated as kind of holistic mental and physical flourishing.-And, in many ways, I think that’s what the ancestral health movement is really all about.
-But, as I just said, I think most people today are more interested in “having fun,” and, frankly, in “escapism.”-And, as a result, they are not willing – or motivated enough – to invest the time, energy, and resources into living a paleo lifestyle. -And, let’s be honest, it does take some effort.-I also believe this is a cross-generational issue.-So I’m going to be an equal opportunity offender here:-I think we find this feeling of “entitlement” and a desire to just have “fun” in...
-in Millennials…
-and in GenXers...
-and in Baby Boomers.
-Now, of course, the forms of fun and escapism vary from time to time, and from generation to generation, but we are quite familiar with what these look like:
-movies…
-television…
-video games and the web…
-pulp fiction…
-professional sports…
-and various forms of self medication (including drugs and alcohol).-I would argue that all of these activities fail to promote true physical and mental flourishing,-And they also lead to what the cultural critic, Daniel Mendelsohn, has called “the reality problem.”
-In his new book, Waiting for the Barbarians, Mendelsohn argues that new technologies and media “allow us to be private in public,” and have caused a “profound alteration in our sense of what is truth and what is fiction.” -In other words, we live in an era in which it’s possible to permanently escape into a kind of personal reality, separate for any common reality, or separate from any kind of “Truth.”-He calls this “the preeminent cultural event of our day.”-And I think this presents a real obstacle for the ancestral health movement going forward.
-Now, while we are on this subject, I’d like totalk about another kind of “reality problem.”-So far in this section of my presentation, I’ve been discussing societal values, -and another place where paleois out of step with the mainstream is its emphasis on “scientific reason.”-Simply put, there is a strong current of “anti-intellectualism” and “pseudoskepticism” in our society today.-We see this when it comes to the issue of climate change, and also when it comes to the Theory of Evolution.
-So here are the survey results of the ancestral health community.-65% of respondent believe in Evolution by natural selection without any influence from God.-That’s pretty high…
-…and that dwarfs the national average.-In the most recent national poll, only 14%, that’s right only 14%, of Americans believe in straight evolution by natural selection.-That leads me to an obvious question:-How is ancestral health movement ever going to convert the majority of the population, when most Americans don’t even believe in the fundamental premise upon which the movement is based!?-I don’t have a good answer for you.
-I also think that most people within the paleo movement fail to appreciate how revolutionary all of this is.-Stop and think about it for a moment: removing Neolithic foods, and walking everywhere, and turning off your computer, and going to bed when it gets dark out…-All of these things radically alter the way we live, work, eat, and socialize.-And if society as a whole adopted these practices, it would have profound political and economic implications.-And I’m not the first person to recognize this.-I’d like to offer you two quotes…
-The first quote is from Andrew Badenoch.-I think this quote is really important, so I’d like to read it: “Agriculture – particularly grains – and the state are, and always have been, mutually-dependent and mutually-reinforcing. Disengaging from the system of industrial agriculture and branded or otherwise ‘value-added’ food products is a fundamentally revolutionary act that erodes GDP and the tax base in turn.”-In other words, dismantling industrial-grain-based agriculture means nothing less than dismantling the modern state.
-And the second quote is from Mark Sisson: “If we were to magically convert the entire world to paleo… that would tank the economy.”-It would tank the economy because, according to Sisson, 30% less food would be needed to feed everyone, and health costs would dramatically drop, leaving a huge gap in our GDP.-There is much more I could say about how revolutionary paleo is, but I’m going to leave it here for now because I need to wrap up this section of my talk.
-So to pull together Part II, I’ve highlighted the 3 main obstacles facing the ancestral health movement: those are Cultural, Physiological, and Social.
-But notice what I’ve left out:1) Large vested interests.2) Entrenched professional organizations.3) And the relatively high cost and inconvenience of going paleo at this time. -Now, these 3 things are important and significant, and are often mentioned in the paleo blogosphere.-But I would argue that they not nearly as significant and important as the broader Cultural, Physiological, and Social Obstacles that I just outlined above.
-This brings me to Part III.-So far I’ve talk about who goes paleo and why, and the main obstacles to paleo going mainstream. -Now I’d like to turn to some of the common counterarguments to my position.-And, I’d like to talk about two specific examples.
-OK, so counterargument #1:-We all know health movements come and go.-In fact, about 100 years ago, we saw the development of something very similar to “paleo” called the Physical Culture Movement, which, of course, faded away.-But, I often hear, “This time is different!” -And that argument typically goes something like this…
-“This time is really different. Today we have the internet, and social media, and Tumblr and Twitter, and everything else. This time we are going to change the world!”
-But here is my response: The internet is only a tool. A powerful tool for education, but a tool nevertheless.-Education is simply not enough. Spreading the word through social media and the internet are not enough.-Education is not the same thing as motivation.-And education does not automatically lead to behavior change.-Let me give you an example to help make my point…
-For decades, cigarettes have carried warning labels, and there have been massive public health campaigns to inform the public about the dangers of smoking.
-And around the world, some of these warnings have been quite graphic.-Here we see examples from Australia, Canada, and Uruguay.-I like the one on the right from Uruguary. It says, “If you smoke, you won’t get it up.”
-Yet, many, many people continue to smoke.-My point here is that despite having the education, despite knowing that it is bad, people continue to do it anyway.-Again, education is not enough.-Motivation is necessary as well.
-In fact, I would argue that motivation is one of key parts of a much more complicated equation.-So education plus motivation and ability and the proper triggers leads to behavior change.-Which recalls the first part of my talk about the importance of a high level of motivation in the folks who go and stay paleo.
-So, on to the 2nd counterargument…-You might say, “OK, so it might take more than the internet. But surely we are close to a tipping point. A tipping point where paleo will go mainstream.”-And you might add: -”Just look at all the rapid growth that you discussed at the beginning of your talk today. And clearly paleo is the best approach to health today, and we know the best information always rises to the top!”
-Here is my response:-We are nowhere close to a tipping point. -But to fully understand this, we need to look at the “Law of Diffusion of Innovation.”
-So what is the Law of Diffusion of Innovation?-It explains how successful ideas spread.-But rather than describe it myself, I going to let Simon Sinek [Cynic] do it for me.-Back in 2011, he gave one of the most popular TED Talks of all time. It has received more than 11 million total views.-I’d like to show a 2:00 minute clip of his talk.-VIDEO: http://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action.html (11:07-12:42)
-OK, here again we have the Law of Diffusion of Innovation.-So where exactly is the Ancestral Health Movement on this graph? That is the key question.-In order to answer this question, we need to know the current size of the movement…
-…which is actually quite a difficult question to answer for a couple of reasons:-First, people define “paleo” in differently.-And, second, being paleo can be quite fluid: some people come and go, and some people adopt certain lifestyle changes but not others.
-Now in order to accurately determine the size of the movement, you would need a large, national telephone survey, which is rather costly, and has not been done yet.
-In the absence of such a survey, I’ve tried to estimate the current size the movement.-So over the past year, I’ve collected empirical data: things like book sales, webpage views, and podcast downloads.-And I’ve also asked a number of “paleo” experts.-And here is the number I’ve come up with…
-Somewhere between 1 and 3 million people in the United States. [PAUSE]-Now that’s a pretty big number…
-But let’s compare it to the national population, which is 310,000,000 (US Census, 2012)
-If we take the high end of the estimate and assume that 3 million people are paleo, that only gives us 1% of the population.
-So returning to our graph…-that puts us here, at the very bottom of the curve.
-Which is nowhere near the Tipping Point of 15-18% that Simon Sinek talked about in the video.-And, by the way, I would describe “being mainstream” somewhere above that 18%.-And you would need something like 46 million people to be paleo to be at that critical Tipping Point.
-Heck, at 1%, we probably aren’t in the “Early Adopter Phase” yet.
-And, remember, only 14% of Americans actually believe in Evolution by natural selection. -Once again, this seems like a real problem for the future of paleo.
-In any case, maybe you think my estimate is low.-But even if you were to double size of the paleo movement to 6 million, or 2% of the total population, that would still put us here in the category of “Innovators.”-And, by the way, I think these “Innovators” are exactly the “Special Kind of Person” that I was talking about earlier in Part I of my talk.
-So my main point here is that we are a long way from a tipping point, thus a long way from paleo going “mainstream.” -Now, while we are on the topic of paleo going mainstream, I want to say a final word about the online survey.-My basic argument today has been that the ancestral health movement will continue to grow modestly, but will never break through to the mainstream.
-And, somewhat to my surprise, many of the respondents to our survey felt the same way.-In fact, two thirds said that the majority of their country’s population will never live a paleo lifestyle.-So it appears as though many within the movement are not terribly optimistic either. [PAUSE]
-Finally, to the Conclusion.-My purpose today was not to pass final judgment on the paleo movement.-Instead, my real purpose was to start a conversation about the future.
-And, in many ways, the origins of this conversationgo back to AHS12 in Boston a year ago.-At the end of my talk about the similarities between the Physical Culture Movement and the Paleo Movement, there was time for one question.-And Seth Roberts asked the perfect question. He asked me, “Will the paleo movement go mainstream? Or will it fade away like the Physical Culture Movement did 100 years ago?”-My answer was that the paleo movement would not go mainstream.-So, my talk today really represents the complete answer to Seth’s important question.
-It also represents the third and final part of trilogy for me.-First, in Boston last year I spoke about the historical origins of the Ancestral Health Movement.-Then at PaleoFX13 I gave a talk on the current state of the movement.-And, finally, today I talked at length about the future of paleo movement.
-In the end, the overall goal of this Trilogy was simple:-I wanted to encourage a broader conversation about where we are, and where we are headed.-Right now, far too many people within the movement simply assume thatpaleo will continue to grow and expand.-But we can’t take that growth for granted.-Nothing is destined to occur, no matter how right you think you are.-Instead, we – together, as a group – need toidentify the most significant challenges ahead of us.-And then develop effective strategies to overcome them.-[END] I’ve tried to start that process today… and I look forward to continuing this conversation with all of you in the future.-That concludes my presentation. Thank you very much for your attention. I would be happy to answer any questions you might have.
-What’s going on here? What’s the connection? Why are these two movements so similar?-My main argument is that…(read slide)-So 100 years ago, the Physical Culture Movement was a response to the Industrial Revolution, and today the Paleo Movement is a reaction to the Digital Revolution.
-Finally, to conclude this section, I’d like to read this rather long quote because I think it really nails the typical paleo convert:-READ QUOTE-Now, I think this is a really remarkable quote. It was written more than 30 years ago about the Physical Culture Movement of 100 years ago, but it just as easily could be talking about the paleo movement of today.-Just think about how many people you know who are like this: people who go paleo, who have a remarkable transformation, and then want to start a blog, or write a cookbook. They won’t shut up about it.-But, seriously, they are highly motivated, and they want to share their amazing experience with everyone.-And I think this high level of motivation is especially important because, let’s face it, it takes some effort to make the switch to a paleo lifestyle. [--James Whorton, Crusaders for Fitness, 1982, p 9.]
-People want to feel special; they want to feel part of a special club.-Right now paleo does that.-Frankly, I’m not sure it everyone in the movement wants it to be mainstream.