Carol Vernallis' music video theory focuses on four key concepts: narrative, editing, camera movements/framing, and diegesis. For narrative, the video visually reflects the song lyrics but the narrative may be incomplete or displayed in fragments. Editing techniques include jump cuts, cutting with lyrics, extreme pace changes, and juxtaposed frames. Camerawork features establishing shots and close-ups that are reused, and camera movements sync with lyrics. The diegesis or world of the video is revealed slowly through repetitions and some important frames.